一.產品介紹
冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)已(yi)有(you)(you)1000多(duo)年(nian)的栽培(pei)歷(li)史,產地環境優(you)(you)越,栽培(pei)歷(li)史悠久,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)形(xing)端(duan)正,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)潔凈(jing)光滑,鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)因果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梗(geng)基部(bu)(bu)膨大,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梗(geng)與果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肩結合部(bu)(bu)似(si)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭狀而得(de)名。冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)為(wei)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)的“縣(xian)(xian)(xian)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”,以皮(pi)薄、質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)細(xi)、肉(rou)嫩(nen)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)潔凈(jing)光滑、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)形(xing)端(duan)正、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)色(se)(se)金黃(huang)、清香多(duo)汁(zhi)、酸(suan)甜可(ke)口(kou)、核小(xiao)肉(rou)白(bai)、耐貯而馳名中(zhong)外,1988年(nian)被評為(wei)國(guo)(guo)家優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品獎,1990年(nian)被評為(wei)山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li),暢銷日本、新加(jia)坡等(deng)國(guo)(guo)家和(he)京、津(jin)、滬(hu)等(deng)地,2014年(nian)7月通過(guo)了農業部(bu)(bu)農產品地理(li)標(biao)志登記,深受國(guo)(guo)內外消費者歡(huan)迎。冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)刀(dao)切汁(zhi)液即(ji)滴,食后清香滿(man)口(kou),是抑膩醒酒佳品。可(ke)生(sheng)食,也可(ke)加(jia)工(gong)罐(guan)頭和(he)釀(niang)制(zhi)飲料(liao)及調料(liao)。鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)還(huan)有(you)(you)生(sheng)津(jin)、潤燥、清熱、化痰(tan)等(deng)藥物(wu)功能,經(jing)常食用,可(ke)清胃敗火,利脾潤肝。對傷津(jin)煩渴、肺熱咳嗽、目赤喉腫、腸干(gan)便(bian)秘等(deng)癥(zheng)療效更為(wei)顯著。?冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實粗頸葫(hu)蘆形(xing),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梗(geng)粗短,萼片宿(su)存,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)凹凸(tu)不(bu)平。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)皮(pi)自幼果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期即(ji)為(wei)褐紅色(se)(se),成(cheng)(cheng)熟時果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)大部(bu)(bu)著褐紅色(se)(se),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)點小(xiao)而密,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)白(bai)色(se)(se),冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實色(se)(se)鮮(xian)肉(rou)嫩(nen),一(yi)般(ban)單果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)重(zhong)180g至280g,平均單果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)重(zhong)208克。富(fu)含多(duo)種(zhong)維生(sheng)素、有(you)(you)機酸(suan)、鋅、鐵等(deng)多(duo)種(zhong)營養物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);經(jing)檢測機構測定:維生(sheng)素C≥3.5mg/100g、總(zong)酸(suan)≥0.1%、可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)性固形(xing)物(wu)≥12.0%、鋅≥0.15mg/kg、鐵≥0.1mg/100g。采(cai)后10天(tian)左(zuo)右果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)變軟,易溶(rong)(rong)于(yu)口(kou),味濃甜,品質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上乘。山(shan)東(dong)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地區8月下旬成(cheng)(cheng)熟。冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)申請(qing)地理(li)標(biao)志地域(yu)保護范圍地理(li)坐標(biao)為(wei)東(dong)經(jing)115°31′~115°39′,北緯(wei)36°33′~36°37′,地域(yu)保護總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)7003公頃。2013年(nian)初統(tong)計(ji),冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)北部(bu)(bu)黃(huang)河(he)故(gu)道邊萬畝梨(li)(li)(li)園里樹(shu)齡上百(bai)年(nian)的梨(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)超過(guo)12700棵(ke),其中(zhong)1669年(nian)(清康熙8年(nian))王(wang)氏栽植的一(yi)棵(ke)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)樹(shu),生(sheng)長(chang)于(yu)蘭沃鄉韓路村,已(yi)有(you)(you)330年(nian)的歷(li)史,樹(shu)高8米,冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)幅19米,干(gan)周3.6米,仍枝(zhi)繁葉茂,年(nian)產鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)2000余公斤,被稱為(wei)“梨(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)王(wang)”。
二.自然生態環境
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)貌(mao)情況:冠縣境內地(di)勢高亢平坦,略有起伏。因歷史上(shang)黃河(he)頻繁泛濫沉積(ji),形(xing)成了山崗坡洼相間的(de)微地(di)貌(mao)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)類型(xing)有潮(chao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、鹽(yan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、風沙土(tu)(tu)(tu),以潮(chao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)為(wei)主(zhu),占(zhan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)面積(ji)的(de)94.1%。縣境土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)分布特(te)點(dian)為(wei)東(dong)稍堿、中壤(rang)(rang)、西偏沙。冠縣鴨梨樹主(zhu)要分布在(zai)砂或砂壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)上(shang),PH值為(wei)7.0-7.5;土(tu)(tu)(tu)質疏松,通透性強,對(dui)光有反射作用,增強了樹體對(dui)光的(de)利(li)用率和碳水化合物(wu)的(de)形(xing)成,宜于(yu)冠縣鴨梨生(sheng)長。
2、水(shui)文情況:冠縣境(jing)內東部(bu)有京杭運河(he)(he)、馬頰河(he)(he),西部(bu)有漳衛河(he)(he)。黃河(he)(he)故道(dao)自(zi)斜店鄉南滿菜入(ru)境(jing),境(jing)內為西南東北走向(xiang),至清(qing)水(shui)鎮柳行頭出境(jing)。水(shui)資源(yuan)豐(feng)富,具備了良好的(de)水(shui)澆條件,含(han)水(shui)土體深厚,孔隙度高,造成了良好的(de)儲水(shui)條件。
3、氣候情況:冠(guan)縣(xian)屬溫帶季風區大(da)陸性氣候,春夏秋(qiu)冬四季分明。年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣溫13.1℃,年(nian)均(jun)氣溫時數為2630小時,無(wu)霜期198天,年(nian)均(jun)降水量(liang)(liang)592毫米,年(nian)均(jun)大(da)于10℃的(de)有效積溫4500℃。9月份的(de)晝夜溫差達10℃。充足的(de)光照(zhao),較大(da)的(de)溫差是形成冠(guan)縣(xian)鴨梨(li)含糖量(liang)(liang)高的(de)自然(ran)因素。
三.地域范圍
冠縣鴨梨產(chan)于聊城市冠縣行(xing)政所轄區域(yu)內(nei),覆蓋冠縣境內(nei)蘭(lan)沃鄉、清水鎮、甘官屯鄉、辛集鄉4個(ge)鄉鎮,共52個(ge)行(xing)政村(cun)(cun)。西至(zhi)(zhi)蘭(lan)沃鄉曲屯村(cun)(cun),東至(zhi)(zhi)辛集鄉劉(liu)八寨村(cun)(cun),北(bei)至(zhi)(zhi)清水鎮劉(liu)屯村(cun)(cun),南至(zhi)(zhi)蘭(lan)沃鄉大曲村(cun)(cun)。地(di)(di)理坐標為:東經(jing)115°31′~115°39′,北(bei)緯(wei)36°33′~36°37′,海拔為29.5-35米之間。地(di)(di)域(yu)保(bao)護總面積7003公頃,年總產(chan)量31萬噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
1、外觀特征:冠縣鴨梨(li)(li)果(guo)實外觀金黃色(套袋栽培呈乳白色),皮(pi)薄(bo)肉脆汁多,石細胞少(shao),脆甜可口,汁多,個(ge)大(da)核小,有香氣(qi),食后(hou)清爽。果(guo)面潔凈(jing)光滑,果(guo)形端正,鴨梨(li)(li)因果(guo)梗基部膨(peng)大(da),果(guo)梗與果(guo)肩(jian)結合(he)部似鴨頭(tou)狀(zhuang)而得(de)名。
2、內(nei)在特征:冠(guan)縣(xian)鴨梨果(guo)實色(se)鮮肉嫩質(zhi)細且脆,一般單果(guo)重180g至(zhi)280g,富含多種維生素、有(you)機酸、鋅(xin)、鐵(tie)等多種營(ying)養物(wu)質(zhi),可(ke)(ke)溶性固形物(wu)≥12.0%、可(ke)(ke)滴定酸≥0.2%、維生素C≥8mg/100g。
3、安全要求:冠縣(xian)鴨梨嚴格(ge)按照NY/T 844-2010標準執(zhi)行。