本溪(xi)滿族自治縣位(wei)于遼寧(ning)東部山(shan)區,全(quan)縣國(guo)土總(zong)面積3344平方公里,下轄11個鄉鎮,1個街 道辦事處,1個農(nong)牧場,99個行政村,縣政府(fu)所在地設在小市(shi)鎮。
產地環境
全縣(xian)總人(ren)口(kou)(kou)30萬(wan),有(you)滿、漢、蒙、回等16個民族,其(qi)中(zhong)滿族人(ren)口(kou)(kou)占(zhan)(zhan)65%,1989年(nian)(nian)經國(guo)(guo)務院批準(zhun)成立(li)本溪(xi)滿族自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)。全縣(xian)有(you)耕(geng)地(di)(di)30萬(wan)畝(mu),農(nong)業(ye)(ye)人(ren)口(kou)(kou)19.2萬(wan)人(ren)。境內山(shan)(shan)高林(lin)茂(mao),植(zhi)被(bei)資源豐富,森林(lin)覆(fu)蓋(gai)率76.8%,是遼寧省(sheng)重點(dian)林(lin)業(ye)(ye)縣(xian)之(zhi)一(yi),也(ye)是遼寧中(zhong)部(bu)城市群的(de)(de)重要水(shui)源涵(han)養地(di)(di)。林(lin)業(ye)(ye)用地(di)(di)面積(ji)27.5萬(wan)公(gong)頃,占(zhan)(zhan)全縣(xian)總面積(ji)的(de)(de)82.3%,地(di)(di)貌特征為“八山(shan)(shan)一(yi)水(shui)一(yi)分(fen)田(tian)”。大(da)自(zi)然(ran)的(de)(de)鬼(gui)斧神工造就了(le)我縣(xian)獨(du)特的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)川地(di)(di)貌,境內青山(shan)(shan)碧(bi)水(shui),景色怡人(ren),生(sheng)態旅游資源極(ji)為豐富,是國(guo)(guo)家(jia)聞名的(de)(de)旅游勝地(di)(di),也(ye)稱“燕(yan)東(dong)勝境”,2002年(nian)(nian)被(bei)譽為“都市休閑的(de)(de)后花園(yuan)”和全國(guo)(guo)“楓(feng)葉之(zhi)鄉”。全縣(xian)共有(you)6處國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)(ji)風景名勝區(qu),3處國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)(ji)森林(lin)公(gong)園(yuan),自(zi)然(ran)人(ren)文景觀近百(bai)處。其(qi)中(zhong):有(you)距今40萬(wan)年(nian)(nian)以(yi)上的(de)(de)人(ren)類遺址——廟后山(shan)(shan)遺址,曾受(shou)到(dao)國(guo)(guo)際上考古(gu)學術界(jie)的(de)(de)矚目;世界(jie)第一(yi)長的(de)(de)地(di)(di)下暗(an)河——本溪(xi)水(shui)洞,中(zhong)外馳名,世界(jie)罕見(jian);東(dong)北道教發祥地(di)(di)——九頂鐵剎山(shan)(shan),古(gu)松蒼勁,傳說神奇;能(neng)療(liao)身養體,醫治(zhi)百(bai)病(bing)的(de)(de)——湯溝、溫泉寺地(di)(di)熱泉,古(gu)今聞名;素有(you) “東(dong)北小黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)”之(zhi)美(mei)稱的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)AAAA級(ji)(ji)景區(qu)——關(guan)門山(shan)(shan)森林(lin)公(gong)園(yuan),占(zhan)(zhan)具了(le)黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)神韻,盡得了(le)江南(nan)靈秀,每年(nian)(nian)到(dao)這里(li)寫(xie)生(sheng)繪(hui)畫之(zhi)人(ren)絡(luo)繹(yi)不絕。
我縣地處長(chang)白(bai)與華北兩大植物區系(xi)過程帶,物產(chan)(chan)(chan)豐富。野生(sheng)藥(yao)(yao)材有(you)(you)114個科、970個種,名貴中藥(yao)(yao)材有(you)(you)300多種,是(shi)東(dong)北重要的(de)(de)中草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)寶庫,也(ye)是(shi)國(guo)內著名的(de)(de)刺(ci)(ci)五(wu)(wu)加(jia)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)基地。刺(ci)(ci)五(wu)(wu)加(jia)也(ye)因具有(you)(you)藥(yao)(yao)食兩用(yong)性,其嫩莖(jing)葉可食用(yong);葉可制茶;根(gen)、莖(jing)、果、皮(pi)均可入(ru)藥(yao)(yao),并(bing)具有(you)(you)神奇的(de)(de)療效和(he)補益功能,而深(shen)受廣大林農喜愛(ai)。我縣人工栽培刺(ci)(ci)五(wu)(wu)加(jia)已有(you)(you)120多年(nian)歷史,以連(lian)(lian)山(shan)(shan)關(guan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、草(cao)河口(kou)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、草(cao)河掌(zhang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、東(dong)營坊鄉(xiang)、堿廠鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、南甸鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、田師付(fu)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、小市鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)和(he)清河城鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)分布及(ji)栽培最為(wei)廣泛,種植總面積(ji)達10萬余畝,其中連(lian)(lian)山(shan)(shan)關(guan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)于2009年(nian)被(bei)譽為(wei)遼(liao)寧特產(chan)(chan)(chan)“刺(ci)(ci)五(wu)(wu)加(jia)”之鄉(xiang)的(de)(de)稱號,“連(lian)(lian)山(shan)(shan)關(guan)刺(ci)(ci)五(wu)(wu)加(jia)”已被(bei)市場廣泛認可,“連(lian)(lian)山(shan)(shan)關(guan)刺(ci)(ci)五(wu)(wu)加(jia)”產(chan)(chan)(chan)品也(ye)倍(bei)受市場青睞。
氣候特點
我縣(xian)屬(shu)北(bei)溫(wen)帶大(da)陸性半濕潤季風氣候(hou)(hou),年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣溫(wen)7.7℃,一月(yue)為最(zui)低-14.3℃;七月(yue)為最(zui)高23.1℃;≥10℃的年(nian)(nian)均積(ji)溫(wen)3024℃,年(nian)(nian)均日(ri)(ri)照時數為2,411小(xiao)時,日(ri)(ri)照率(lv)為54%,年(nian)(nian)無霜(shuang)期135-150天。年(nian)(nian)均風速僅(jin)為2.5m/秒,大(da)風出現較少,3~5月(yue)份風速最(zui)大(da),可達(da)3.6m/秒。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均降水(shui)量(liang)798mm,降水(shui)集中(zhong)七、八兩月(yue),占(zhan)全年(nian)(nian)降水(shui)量(liang)的80%,雨熱同季。總(zong)的氣候(hou)(hou)特點具有四季分(fen)明,光照充(chong)(chong)足,溫(wen)度適中(zhong),雨量(liang)充(chong)(chong)沛、氣溫(wen)日(ri)(ri)差(cha)較大(da)等特征,獨特的氣候(hou)(hou)條件滿足了各(ge)種(zhong)道地(di)藥材(cai)的生長發育需(xu)求。
土壤特點
根據1981年土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)普查資料統計,我縣(xian)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)劃分(fen)(fen)為(wei)四種(zhong)類型(xing)。即棕(zong)壤(rang)、草(cao)甸、水稻、沼澤等土(tu)(tu)種(zhong),有7個(ge)亞類,36個(ge)土(tu)(tu)屬,63個(ge)土(tu)(tu)種(zhong)。其中棕(zong)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)分(fen)(fen)布面(mian)積最廣,總面(mian)積達305596.46公頃,占各類土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)總面(mian)積的(de)(de)88.5%。全縣(xian)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)屬酸(suan)性(xing)、偏酸(suan)性(xing),PH值一(yi)般在(zai)5.5-7.5左(zuo)(zuo)右,有機(ji)質含(han)量在(zai)6.2%左(zuo)(zuo)右,含(han)氮量在(zai)0.2%左(zuo)(zuo)右,速效磷5.6ppm左(zuo)(zuo)右,優良的(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)條件(jian)有利于(yu)各種(zhong)中藥材(cai)生長和品質的(de)(de)提高。
森林資源
本溪縣地(di)處長(chang)白植(zhi)物(wu)區系(xi)和華北植(zhi)物(wu)區系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)交匯處,山(shan)地(di)面積大(da),植(zhi)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)繁(fan)多(duo),森(sen)林(lin)(lin)覆蓋率為76.8%,林(lin)(lin)業用地(di)面積412.7萬畝,占全縣總(zong)面積的(de)(de)(de)82%。有(you)刺(ci)楸(qiu)、黃波蘿(luo)、水曲(qu)柳(liu)、紅(hong)(hong)松(song)(song)(song)、落葉松(song)(song)(song)、云冷杉、天女木(mu)蘭等(deng)(deng)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)家珍貴(gui)樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),是(shi)(shi)遼寧(ning)省重點(dian)林(lin)(lin)業縣之一。野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)中草藥材(cai)共(gong)計114科,970余種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),名貴(gui)、常見藥材(cai)有(you)300多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)刺(ci)五(wu)加、人參、遼五(wu)味、遼細辛等(deng)(deng),現已人工馴化20余種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),是(shi)(shi)遼寧(ning)省“五(wu)大(da)藥材(cai)基地(di)縣”之一。境(jing)內林(lin)(lin)木(mu)蔥蘢,盛(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)紅(hong)(hong)松(song)(song)(song)、山(shan)核桃、榛子等(deng)(deng)干(gan)堅果,是(shi)(shi)全國(guo)示范性(xing)(xing)紅(hong)(hong)松(song)(song)(song)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基地(di);盛(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)山(shan)野(ye)(ye)菜150多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),是(shi)(shi)東北地(di)區山(shan)野(ye)(ye)菜的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)產(chan)地(di);野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)繁(fan)多(duo),是(shi)(shi)中國(guo)林(lin)(lin)蛙的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)產(chan)區;山(shan)貨和野(ye)(ye)果遍布大(da)小山(shan)川,林(lin)(lin)地(di)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)著種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)繁(fan)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)野(ye)(ye)菜和野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)菌類(lei)(lei),生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)體現也證明(ming)了(le)我縣擁(yong)有(you)良好的(de)(de)(de)自然環境(jing)。
優越的地理位置和獨(du)特的自然資源(yuan),造就(jiu)了本溪縣雨量充沛、日照充足、溫度適(shi)中、土壤肥沃的環境,與(yu)遼寧(ning)省其(qi)它(ta)地區相(xiang)比,我縣具備(bei)刺五加生長的必要條件。
質量特色
1.感官特色:
(1)根:呈(cheng)圓柱形,多扭曲;表面(mian)灰白或灰褐色(se),粗糙(cao);質(zhi)硬,斷面(mian)黃白色(se),纖維性(xing);有香氣,味微辛(xin)、稍苦(ku)、澀(se)。
(2)莖(jing):呈長圓柱形,老枝灰褐(he)色,無刺;幼枝黃褐(he)色,多(duo)細刺;質堅硬,斷面黃白色,中心有髓,味(wei)微辛。