產品外觀特征
新津黃辣丁屬鲇形目(Siluriformes),鲿科(Bagridae),分屬黃顙(sang)魚屬(Pelteobagrus)。具有體(ti)長,頭大且(qie)扁平(ping),吻圓鈍,眼(yan)小,須4對,背(bei)鰭(qi)不分支,鰭(qi)條為(wei)硬(ying)刺,后緣有鋸齒,胸鰭(qi)硬(ying)刺發達,尾鰭(qi)深(shen)叉形,體(ti)背(bei)部黑褐色(se)(se),體(ti)側黃色(se)(se)的(de)黃顙(sang)魚共性。
生長地域特征
(一)地(di)理環境:新津區地(di)處(chu)成(cheng)都平原南部,岷(min)江流(liu)(liu)域(yu)中游,距成(cheng)都市區38公里,地(di)跨東(dong)經103°41′13″~103°06′59″、北緯30°19′49″~30°31′32″,東(dong)連雙(shuang)流(liu)(liu),西接邛崍(lai)、大邑(yi),南鄰彭山,北毗崇州(zhou),幅員面(mian)積331平方公里,境內“一水(shui)兩丘七成(cheng)壩”,水(shui)域(yu)面(mian)積占全縣(xian)總面(mian)積的10%,以(yi)平原為(wei)主,兼有淺丘,地(di)勢(shi)平緩(huan),屬典型(xing)的平原型(xing)地(di)形地(di)貌。
(二(er))水(shui)(shui)(shui)域特征(zheng):新津(jin)五河(he)(he)匯流,南河(he)(he)、西河(he)(he)、金馬(ma)河(he)(he)、羊馬(ma)河(he)(he)和楊柳河(he)(he),在(zai)新津(jin)境內匯聚后匯入岷江干流,水(shui)(shui)(shui)域廣闊,水(shui)(shui)(shui)源豐富,水(shui)(shui)(shui)網密布,河(he)(he)流過境水(shui)(shui)(shui)量約107.73億立方米,全縣宜漁水(shui)(shui)(shui)域面積(ji)共計5.5萬畝,人工養(yang)殖水(shui)(shui)(shui)面1.23萬畝,水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)清(qing)新,無污(wu)染,年平均(jun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溫15℃,PH值(zhi)在(zai)6.5至7.5之間,溶解氧(yang)6.7mg/L,是(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)產養(yang)殖的(de)最(zui)佳水(shui)(shui)(shui)源。水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)生(sheng)物、天然餌料生(sheng)長旺盛,特別適合魚類生(sheng)長。
(三)氣候特點:新津區屬亞熱帶濕潤季(ji)風氣候,四季(ji)分明、氣候溫(wen)(wen)和,春季(ji)陽光(guang)明媚,氣溫(wen)(wen)回升快;夏季(ji)陽光(guang)充足,降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量集中,無酷暑、最(zui)(zui)熱月(yue)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)25.8℃,極端最(zui)(zui)高(gao)氣溫(wen)(wen)僅為(wei)37℃;秋高(gao)氣爽(shuang),冬季(ji)無嚴寒,降(jiang)雪罕見,年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)16.6℃,平(ping)均(jun)(jun)年(nian)總降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量954mm;平(ping)均(jun)(jun)年(nian)總日照時(shi)數1011小時(shi);年(nian)均(jun)(jun)相對(dui)濕度83%;>0℃的(de)年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)積溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)6085℃;平(ping)均(jun)(jun)無霜期長(chang)達309天(tian);年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)晴(qing)天(tian)數達219天(tian)。其溫(wen)(wen)和、舒適(shi)的(de)氣候條件(jian)最(zui)(zui)適(shi)宜新津黃辣丁生長(chang)。
歷史淵源
新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)津區于(yu)北周(zhou)孝閔帝元(yuan)年(nian)(557年(nian))建縣(xian),因“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)渡口”而名(ming)“新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)津區”。新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)津自古漁業發達,在(zai)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)津區安西鎮中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)合村出土(tu)的(de)漢(han)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)畫(hua)像磚珍品(pin)<弋射·收獲(huo)>和新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)津漢(han)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)崖墓(mu)(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)出土(tu)的(de)陶魚(yu)(yu)鷹圖向我們(men)再現(xian)了漢(han)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)津漁業狀況,陸游(you)“日暮樓(lou)臺(tai)憑(ping)欄望,漁帆點點映夕(xi)暉”的(de)詩句向我們(men)描繪了宋代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)津的(de)漁業盛況。新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)津盛產各種魚(yu)(yu)類,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最出名(ming)的(de)就是(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)津黃(huang)(huang)(huang)辣(la)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)津民間傳說黃(huang)(huang)(huang)辣(la)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)魚(yu)(yu)是(shi)一名(ming)叫黃(huang)(huang)(huang)果子(zi)的(de)美麗姑娘(niang)為(wei)醫治老百姓(xing)疾病而自己投(tou)河(he)變成的(de)一種青黃(huang)(huang)(huang)色無鱗小(xiao)魚(yu)(yu)。在(zai)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)津的(de)東漢(han)崖墓(mu)(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)出土(tu)了許多珍貴的(de)殉葬器(qi)物,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最多的(de)便是(shi)長約3、4寸的(de)紅陶質黃(huang)(huang)(huang)辣(la)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)魚(yu)(yu),可見新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)津人(ren)民對黃(huang)(huang)(huang)辣(la)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)魚(yu)(yu)的(de)喜愛,也(ye)映襯了黃(huang)(huang)(huang)辣(la)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)魚(yu)(yu)與新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)津人(ren)民生活久遠(yuan)的(de)文化淵源。北宋文學(xue)家(jia)蘇轍每次路過新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)津不僅要品(pin)嘗(chang)當地黃(huang)(huang)(huang)辣(la)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding),還要親自釣(diao)(diao)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)辣(la)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding),“爨煙(yan)慘淡(dan)浮潛浦,魚(yu)(yu)艇縱橫逐釣(diao)(diao)筒”便是(shi)詩人(ren)描寫用專門垂(chui)釣(diao)(diao)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)辣(la)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)“釣(diao)(diao)筒”親自泛舟南河(he),垂(chui)釣(diao)(diao)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)辣(la)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)情景。
新(xin)津黃(huang)(huang)(huang)辣(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)丁(ding)河(he)鮮(xian)美食歷史悠久。新(xin)津自古是(shi)(shi)長(chang)江上(shang)游重要的(de)(de)(de)水運交通(tong)樞紐和川西平原的(de)(de)(de)重要物(wu)資(zi)、人(ren)流(liu)集散地(di),南來北往(wang)的(de)(de)(de)船(chuan)(chuan)只(zhi)經過新(xin)津段時,船(chuan)(chuan)夫(fu)們(men)總(zong)喜歡從河(he)里(li)撈起(qi)幾條黃(huang)(huang)(huang)辣(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)丁(ding)魚(yu),舀一瓢河(he)水,將魚(yu)與米飯同(tong)煮,名(ming)曰黃(huang)(huang)(huang)辣(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)丁(ding)飯、黃(huang)(huang)(huang)辣(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)丁(ding)粥(zhou),不要任何佐料也非常鮮(xian)香、味美可口,若(ruo)是(shi)(shi)將黃(huang)(huang)(huang)辣(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)丁(ding)加入(ru)蔥、姜、蒜、辣(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)椒、花椒、食鹽等(deng)普通(tong)佐料,經過簡單烹調其濃郁的(de)(de)(de)鮮(xian)香美味便是(shi)(shi)船(chuan)(chuan)夫(fu)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)愛。途經新(xin)津的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)們(men)也一定會品(pin)嘗地(di)道的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)津黃(huang)(huang)(huang)辣(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)丁(ding),為(wei)旅途增添(tian)無窮的(de)(de)(de)回(hui)味。據新(xin)津舊縣(xian)志記載(zai),清末四(si)川保(bao)路運動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)云人(ren)物(wu)、南路同(tong)志軍總(zong)指揮侯寶齋,從資(zi)中羅泉井領受相機發(fa)動(dong)武(wu)裝暴(bao)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)指示回(hui)到新(xin)津。他巧借60壽筵之名(ming),安(an)排暴(bao)動(dong)事宜。在盛大的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)日宴會上(shang)以新(xin)津招(zhao)(zhao)牌菜(cai)——水煮新(xin)津黃(huang)(huang)(huang)辣(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)丁(ding)招(zhao)(zhao)待貴客。從此(ci),水煮新(xin)津黃(huang)(huang)(huang)辣(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)丁(ding)更加名(ming)聲遠播,逐(zhu)漸成為(wei)風(feng)靡全(quan)(quan)成都(dou)、全(quan)(quan)四(si)川乃至(zhi)全(quan)(quan)國的(de)(de)(de)一道名(ming)菜(cai),在全(quan)(quan)國各(ge)地(di)都(dou)有(you)以“新(xin)津黃(huang)(huang)(huang)辣(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)丁(ding)”為(wei)名(ming)命名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)菜(cai)品(pin)和餐館。
特產發展前景
改革開(kai)放以來,新(xin)(xin)(xin)津(jin)(jin)(jin)餐飲市(shi)場(chang)(chang)對黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)辣丁(ding)(ding)(ding)的需求,催生(sheng)了新(xin)(xin)(xin)津(jin)(jin)(jin)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)辣丁(ding)(ding)(ding)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)的迅猛(meng)發展。縣(xian)(xian)委、縣(xian)(xian)政府(fu)(fu)根據本縣(xian)(xian)區域優勢,于1998年(nian)(nian)把新(xin)(xin)(xin)津(jin)(jin)(jin)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)辣丁(ding)(ding)(ding)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)馴養(yang)(yang)(yang)、繁育(yu)作(zuo)為“一縣(xian)(xian)一品”的重點開(kai)發對象,進(jin)行新(xin)(xin)(xin)津(jin)(jin)(jin)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)辣丁(ding)(ding)(ding)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)馴化(hua)和繁育(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。通(tong)過十余年(nian)(nian)的努力,新(xin)(xin)(xin)津(jin)(jin)(jin)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)辣丁(ding)(ding)(ding)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)繁殖(zhi)(zhi)、養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)取得(de)可喜(xi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)績,縣(xian)(xian)水電局《黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)顙魚人工(gong)(gong)(gong)馴養(yang)(yang)(yang)繁育(yu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)研究(jiu)》獲(huo)四(si)川(chuan)省(sheng)水利廳2000年(nian)(nian)度科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)進(jin)步(bu)二等獎;新(xin)(xin)(xin)津(jin)(jin)(jin)區“萬畝億元”水產(chan)(chan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)被(bei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)都(dou)市(shi)人民(min)政府(fu)(fu)評為成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)都(dou)市(shi)第四(si)屆(jie)金(jin)橋工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)優秀(xiu)獎;2007年(nian)(nian)新(xin)(xin)(xin)津(jin)(jin)(jin)紅(hong)石良種漁(yu)場(chang)(chang)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)的新(xin)(xin)(xin)津(jin)(jin)(jin)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)辣丁(ding)(ding)(ding)獲(huo)首屆(jie)中國成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)都(dou)國際農業(ye)博覽會金(jin)獎。新(xin)(xin)(xin)津(jin)(jin)(jin)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)辣丁(ding)(ding)(ding)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)從無到有形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了繁、養(yang)(yang)(yang)、供、銷一條龍(long)綜(zong)合產(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian),培育(yu)兩家漁(yu)業(ye)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)公(gong)司專門從事新(xin)(xin)(xin)津(jin)(jin)(jin)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)辣丁(ding)(ding)(ding)魚苗的開(kai)發、引(yin)進(jin)和繁育(yu),年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)辣丁(ding)(ding)(ding)魚苗2億尾(wei),形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西南(nan)最大的新(xin)(xin)(xin)津(jin)(jin)(jin)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)辣丁(ding)(ding)(ding)繁殖(zhi)(zhi)基地。水產(chan)(chan)行政部門組織專業(ye)公(gong)司、漁(yu)場(chang)(chang)、技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)骨干,在全縣(xian)(xian)開(kai)展黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)辣丁(ding)(ding)(ding)水產(chan)(chan)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)示(shi)范推廣,形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)辣丁(ding)(ding)(ding)規模化(hua)分段養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi),帶(dai)動(dong)水產(chan)(chan)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)戶2000余戶。發展新(xin)(xin)(xin)津(jin)(jin)(jin)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)水域面積2000余畝,2009年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)辣丁(ding)(ding)(ding)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)魚1500余噸,實現年(nian)(nian)收(shou)入共(gong)計4500萬元,被(bei)四(si)川(chuan)省(sheng)水產(chan)(chan)局列為四(si)川(chuan)省(sheng)主要(yao)商品魚生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基地。新(xin)(xin)(xin)津(jin)(jin)(jin)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)辣丁(ding)(ding)(ding)水產(chan)(chan)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)已成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為新(xin)(xin)(xin)津(jin)(jin)(jin)農村(cun)經濟重要(yao)組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)部分和農民(min)增收(shou)致富的重要(yao)手(shou)段。
本縣打造“河(he)鮮美食城”,現已建成(cheng)主(zhu)營新津黃辣丁的(de)(de)(de)河(he)鮮美食餐館100余家(jia),年(nian)消費(fei)新津黃辣丁1000余噸,年(nian)銷售(shou)收入(ru)1.5億(yi)元(yuan)。圍繞“新津黃辣丁”進行的(de)(de)(de)一年(nian)一度的(de)(de)(de)河(he)鮮美食節、河(he)鮮啤酒節帶動了新津鄉村休閑(xian)旅(lv)游(you)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)繁榮,2009年(nian)接待游(you)客380多萬(wan)人次,實現年(nian)旅(lv)游(you)綜(zong)合(he)收入(ru)3.5億(yi)元(yuan)。
“新津黃辣丁”綜合產(chan)業(ye)鏈形成(cheng)相互(hu)促進,共同(tong)繁榮的景象。
發展保護措施
(一)、新(xin)津(jin)黃辣丁發展(zhan)規(gui)(gui)劃,配合縣政府“水(shui)城新(xin)津(jin)”綜合規(gui)(gui)劃的實(shi)施,新(xin)津(jin)區(qu)水(shui)產(chan)業(ye)計劃到2015年(nian)新(xin)建(jian)和改(gai)造老舊池(chi)塘共計2500畝,使(shi)全縣黃辣丁水(shui)人工產(chan)養殖面積達到4000畝,促使(shi)漁區(qu)人均年(nian)純收入達到7000元,并建(jian)設以新(xin)津(jin)黃辣丁為代表的“川(chuan)西漁文(wen)化(hua)民俗村”,開展(zhan)以“漁”為主題的餐飲文(wen)化(hua)和漁家歷史文(wen)化(hua)活動。
(二)、加(jia)強(qiang)科技攻關,確(que)(que)保(bao)新(xin)津黃(huang)(huang)辣(la)(la)丁的(de)(de)特(te)有品(pin)質。本縣計劃與(yu)四川農(nong)業大(da)學水(shui)產學院(yuan)等科研(yan)單位合作(zuo),從環境資源和(he)品(pin)種提純(chun)等方面進行系統研(yan)究,保(bao)持新(xin)津黃(huang)(huang)辣(la)(la)丁的(de)(de)優良品(pin)質特(te)性(xing)。在親本選(xuan)育、人工孵化、種苗培育和(he)收購銷售(shou)等環節(jie)上(shang)嚴把質量(liang)關,確(que)(que)保(bao)新(xin)津黃(huang)(huang)辣(la)(la)丁的(de)(de)優良品(pin)質。
(三)在水產品市場和餐館實施新(xin)津(jin)黃(huang)辣(la)丁(ding)掛牌銷售,進(jin)一步提高產品的知(zhi)名度。加強對假冒偽劣新(xin)津(jin)黃(huang)辣(la)丁(ding)打擊力度,切(qie)實保護(hu)新(xin)津(jin)黃(huang)辣(la)丁(ding)品牌和消費者(zhe)利益。