一.產品介紹
紅(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生歷(li)史悠(you)久,清宣(xuan)統(tong)元年(1909年)《黃安(an)(an)鄉(xiang)土(tu)志(zhi)》商務篇六(liu)十九卷載“落花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生日盛,亦有洋種(zhong)(zhong)本地種(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)分,洋種(zhong)(zhong)顆大香遜(xun),根(gen)蒂固(gu)易捆”。到清末民(min)初“落花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生日盛一(yi)日”,紅(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生栽培(pei)面由(you)北(bei)向(xiang)南(nan)擴展并覆(fu)蓋全縣。 紅(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)人視(shi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生為吉祥喜(xi)慶的象(xiang)征(zheng),民(min)間喜(xi)慶宴席必定(ding)少不了(le)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生。訂婚男方送“聘禮(li)”贈送禮(li)品的籮筐內(nei)要(yao)放柏枝、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生等,結婚時女方的嫁妝里也要(yao)放花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生、百果之(zhi)類(lei)的,新(xin)房的枕頭下、被(bei)褥里會提前藏好花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生、紅(hong)(hong)棗。除(chu)夕夜守(shou)歲,紅(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)人家家炒(chao)(chao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生,大年初一(yi)必定(ding)要(yao)以(yi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生待客。1963年李(li)先念(nian)回故鄉(xiang)視(shi)察,鄉(xiang)親們炒(chao)(chao)了(le)一(yi)簸箕花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生款待他(ta),李(li)先念(nian)當時感慨(kai)紅(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)的花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生就是香。1958年毛主席在(zai)武昌(chang)接(jie)見紅(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)種(zhong)(zhong)試(shi)驗田的干部代表時曾(ceng)連聲稱贊:“紅(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)的花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生不錯,紅(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)的花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生不錯!”
二.自然生態環境(jing)和人(ren)文歷史因素(su)
1、土(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌情況: 均(jun)州名(ming)(ming)曬煙地(di)處漢江(jiang)(jiang)中上游,位居(ju)南水(shui)北調中線工(gong)程核心(xin)水(shui)源區腹地(di),境(jing)(jing)內(nei)有(you)(you)全國著名(ming)(ming)的“一(yi)(yi)山(shan)一(yi)(yi)水(shui)”即道教圣地(di)“武(wu)當(dang)山(shan)”和亞洲最大人工(gong)淡(dan)水(shui)湖(hu)“丹江(jiang)(jiang)口水(shui)庫(ku)”。南有(you)(you)巴山(shan)雄峙,北有(you)(you)秦嶺余脈屏障,八百里武(wu)當(dang)居(ju)中,東(dong)連老河(he)口市(shi)和河(he)南省淅川(chuan)縣(xian),西接(jie)十堰市(shi)和鄖縣(xian)。地(di)形(xing)呈心(xin)臟(zang)形(xing),地(di)勢西高東(dong)低,漢江(jiang)(jiang)自(zi)西向東(dong)貫穿,將全境(jing)(jing)陸地(di)分(fen)(fen)割成(cheng)“江(jiang)(jiang)南”、“江(jiang)(jiang)北”兩個自(zi)然板塊,俗(su)稱江(jiang)(jiang)南江(jiang)(jiang)北。國土(tu)為“七山(shan)二水(shui)一(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)田(tian)”自(zi)然格局。產(chan)地(di)山(shan)清水(shui)秀,景色宜(yi)人,平均(jun)海拔在350m;土(tu)壤(rang)以黃棕壤(rang)為主,夾有(you)(you)紫色土(tu)和石灰土(tu)。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況:均(jun)州名(ming)曬(shai)煙產區(qu)主要(yao)分(fen)(fen)布在丹(dan)江口庫(ku)(ku)區(qu)沿岸間的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)地(di)丘陵(ling)、低山(shan)(shan)河谷環境。產地(di)南(nan)北物(wu)種交匯(hui),環境優越(yue),植被覆(fu)蓋率(lv)達(da)64.5%。產地(di)平(ping)均(jun)海(hai)拔400m,背山(shan)(shan)面(mian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源豐富,境內(nei)的(de)(de)丹(dan)江口水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)是亞洲最大的(de)(de)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)淡(dan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)湖,是舉世(shi)矚目的(de)(de)南(nan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)北調中(zhong)線工(gong)(gong)程調水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源頭,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源約(yue)有(you)275.46億(yi)立方米(mi),絕大部分(fen)(fen)由漢、丹(dan)二江帶來(lai),加(jia)上本(ben)地(di)地(di)表徑流資(zi)源,河川徑流資(zi)源為(wei)285.12億(yi)立方米(mi)。產地(di)內(nei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)良好(hao),礦(kuang)化(hua)度(du)低,ph、總硬度(du)適中(zhong),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體中(zhong)主要(yao)離子含量一般都在正(zheng)常范圍內(nei),主要(yao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系河床(chuang)落差大、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)能蘊(yun)藏量累計(ji)5.5萬(wan)千瓦(wa),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)達(da)國家Ⅱ類水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)以上標準。豐富的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源為(wei)均(jun)州名(ming)曬(shai)煙“色澤黃亮、葉片較大、厚薄(bo)適中(zhong)”的(de)(de)外(wai)觀特征形成,提供了得(de)天獨厚的(de)(de)自然條件。
3、氣(qi)侯特(te)點(dian):均州名曬煙產地(di)處于南北氣(qi)候過渡帶,屬亞(ya)熱(re)帶半濕潤(run)季(ji)風(feng)(feng)氣(qi)候區,由于秦嶺山脈的(de)(de)屏障(zhang)作用(yong),加之丹江口水庫的(de)(de)“湖泊熱(re)效(xiao)應”及(ji)垂直地(di)貌(mao)影(ying)響,構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)了優(you)越的(de)(de)“四季(ji)分明(ming)、光(guang)(guang)照充足(zu)、熱(re)量豐富、雨熱(re)同季(ji),無霜期長,相對濕度大”的(de)(de)山地(di)氣(qi)候特(te)點(dian)。種植區氣(qi)候溫和(he),夏無酷署,冬無嚴寒,光(guang)(guang)照充足(zu),雨水充沛,氣(qi)溫年較(jiao)差小,日較(jiao)差大,光(guang)(guang)合效(xiao)率(lv)高,葉片的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)合能力(li)較(jiao)強,十分有利煙葉光(guang)(guang)合作用(yong)的(de)(de)高積(ji)累(lei),形成(cheng)(cheng)“香氣(qi)充足(zu)”的(de)(de)優(you)質曬煙風(feng)(feng)格特(te)征。
三.地域范圍
均(jun)州名曬(shai)(shai)煙產地(di)范圍為湖北省丹(dan)江(jiang)口市所(suo)轄的(de)均(jun)縣鎮、習(xi)家店(dian)鎮、蒿坪鎮、石鼓(gu)鎮等4個鎮、計46個行(xing)政村。其地(di)理(li)位(wei)置(zhi)位(wei)于(yu)東經110°08'—111°34'、北緯32°14'—32°58'之(zhi)間。均(jun)州名曬(shai)(shai)煙種植(zhi)面積733公頃(qing),年產量(liang)1000噸,產值0.18億元。
四.產品品質特(te)性特(te)征
1、外(wai)觀(guan)感官特征:生(sheng)煙外(wai)觀(guan):莖葉角度(du)較小(xiao),著(zhu)葉28~34片,葉片較窄而厚(hou),筋脈細(xi),呈(cheng)闊橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形;葉柄生(sheng)毛,露浸不拖頭(tou);易退青變黃(huang)(huang),水分含量少;顏色深黃(huang)(huang),色度(du)飽滿(man),油分充足(zu),組織細(xi)致,厚(hou)薄適(shi)中(zhong),成熟度(du)好,填(tian)充力(li)強,彈性(xing)好,香(xiang)味充足(zu)。成品煙葉:香(xiang)氣(qi)濃郁,手揉葉呈(cheng)麩片狀(zhuang),燃燒性(xing)好,燃燒后(hou)灰 呈(cheng)潔白(bai);吸(xi)味飽滿(man),勁頭(tou)足(zu),刺激(ji)性(xing)小(xiao);含糖量適(shi)中(zhong),化學成分協(xie)調(diao);煙氣(qi)柔和、細(xi)膩,余味舒(shu)適(shi)純凈(jing),濃勁比協(xie)調(diao),配伍性(xing)好,工業可用(yong)性(xing)強。
2、內(nei)在品質(zhi)指標:煙(yan)葉(xie)安全性(xing)高,無殘毒,無農藥殘留;煙(yan)葉(xie)中“高糖(tang)、適煙(yan)堿(jian)、富鉀(jia)、蛋白(bai)質(zhi)”是形成均州(zhou)名(ming)曬煙(yan)的重要化(hua)學(xue)物質(zhi)基礎。蛋白(bai)質(zhi)6%~8%,總(zong)糖(tang)12%~16%,總(zong)氮2.2%~2.8%,煙(yan)堿(jian)3%~3.8%,鉀(jia)1.2%~1.7%,氯0.6%~1.2%。
3、安(an)全(quan)要(yao)求(qiu):產(chan)地環境(jing)要(yao)求(qiu)執行NY/T852煙(yan)草(cao)產(chan)地環境(jing)技術條件(jian);農藥(yao)使用(yong)符合(he)《煙(yan)草(cao)農藥(yao)使用(yong)推薦意見(jian)》(中國煙(yan)葉公(gong)司發布);質量要(yao)求(qiu)按DB42/T225—2002《均縣名曬(shai)煙(yan)》標準執行。