一.產品介紹
建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)分(fen)布(bu)于(yu)(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)縣(xian)境內的(de)茅田鄉(xiang)(xiang)、龍坪鄉(xiang)(xiang)、高坪鎮、花坪鎮、官(guan)店鎮等10個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮,是我縣(xian)地(di)(di)道藥材之(zhi)一,區域面積26.6572萬(wan)公頃。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)產量(liang)高,樹(shu)皮較其它品(pin)種厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)2-3mm,最厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)可(ke)(ke)達(da)(da)7mm,質(zhi)堅硬(ying),易折斷,斷面玻璃狀,含纖(xian)維(wei)少。氣芬(fen)香(xiang),味(wei)辛辣,樹(shu)齡(ling)25年(nian)以上的(de)樹(shu)皮達(da)(da)5-7mm,筒(tong)圍在18-25cm。外(wai)表面深褐色(se),粗糙,有(you)(you)油(you)(you)性,有(you)(you)的(de)可(ke)(ke)見多數紫紅色(se)小(xiao)亮星,有(you)(you)時(shi)呈鱗片狀,較易剝(bo)落,有(you)(you)明顯(xian)橢圓形皮孔和縱(zong)皺紋,刮去粗皮者顯(xian)黃棕(zong)色(se)。內表面皮為(wei)棕(zong)褐色(se)或(huo)棕(zong)色(se),較平(ping)滑(hua),具(ju)細(xi)密(mi)縱(zong)紋,劃之(zhi)顯(xian)油(you)(you)痕(hen)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)樹(shu)皮、花、葉皆可(ke)(ke)入藥,相對川厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)和紫油(you)(you)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)藥用更廣(guang),并主要用于(yu)(yu)保健及醫藥領域。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)樹(shu)皮厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),油(you)(you)性含量(liang)高,酚(fen)類(lei)含量(liang)大。相對川厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)和紫油(you)(you)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)纖(xian)維(wei)含量(liang)少,強度弱,酚(fen)含量(liang)更高,為(wei)著名中(zhong)(zhong)藥,有(you)(you)化(hua)濕(shi)導滯(zhi)、化(hua)食(shi)消痰、驅風鎮痛之(zhi)效。厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)葉大蔭濃,味(wei)芬(fen)香(xiang),長可(ke)(ke)達(da)(da)25-30cm,寬(kuan)可(ke)(ke)達(da)(da)10-15cm,可(ke)(ke)作(zuo)為(wei)傳統食(shi)品(pin)包(bao)裝用,包(bao)裝食(shi)品(pin)不粘連,并有(you)(you)防腐、保健的(de)作(zuo)用。現被當地(di)(di)經(jing)營大戶通(tong)過(guo)初級(ji)加工(gong)后出(chu)口(kou)到韓國(guo)、日(ri)本,作(zuo)環保食(shi)品(pin)包(bao)裝原(yuan)料。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)屬于(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)道中(zhong)(zhong)藥材,且歷史悠久,分(fen)布(bu)廣(guang)泛,明正德(de)七年(nian)(1512)《夔州(zhou)府志(zhi)》建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卷已(yi)有(you)(you)記載,并于(yu)(yu)2011年(nian)成功注冊(ce)“建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)”商標。近(jin)十年(nian)來(lai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)縣(xian)通(tong)過(guo)退耕還林(lin)(lin)工(gong)程、天保工(gong)程人(ren)工(gong)造林(lin)(lin)、退耕還林(lin)(lin)后續產業建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設等林(lin)(lin)業重點工(gong)程,在建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)縣(xian)營造了(le)5萬(wan)畝(mu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)基地(di)(di)。已(yi)經(jing)形成了(le)與(yu)安徽的(de)亳(bo)州(zhou)藥市、河北的(de)安國(guo)藥市、廣(guang)西(xi)的(de)玉林(lin)(lin)藥市、廣(guang)州(zhou)的(de)清平(ping)藥市等銷(xiao)售網(wang)絡,年(nian)銷(xiao)售建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)1000噸(dun),產值1600萬(wan)元(yuan),出(chu)口(kou)創(chuang)匯320萬(wan)元(yuan)。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷(li)史因(yin)素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌情況:建始(shi)縣境(jing)內硒資源出露(lu)面積(ji)近480平方公里,是(shi)國內連片面積(ji)最(zui)大(da)、平均(jun)硒水(shui)(shui)平含(han)(han)量(liang)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)的(de)富硒生物圈,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)平均(jun)硒水(shui)(shui)平含(han)(han)量(liang)17.7ppm,有(you)“富硒王國”之稱;產區年(nian)平均(jun)溫度(du)16—20℃,年(nian)降雨量(liang)800—1800毫米,相對濕(shi)度(du)70—90%;我縣高(gao)(gao)山(shan)、二高(gao)(gao)山(shan)地(di)區土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)均(jun)為(wei)山(shan)地(di)黃(huang)壤(rang)、黃(huang)棕壤(rang),屬于相對濕(shi)度(du)大(da)、霧,陽(yang)光充足的(de)山(shan)地(di),并且土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)肥沃、含(han)(han)腐殖質多(duo)、濕(shi)潤(run)、疏松、排水(shui)(shui)良好,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)屬于酸性、微酸性和中性,其生態環境(jing)優(you)越,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)、農用灌溉水(shui)(shui)和空(kong)氣質量(liang)好,無工業(ye)“三廢”污(wu)染,從(cong)而形成了建始(shi)厚樸獨特(te)的(de)生長環境(jing)和品質。
2、水(shui)文情況:境內共有(you)大小(xiao)河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)104條(tiao),總長853.65公里(li)(li)。其中(zhong)主要(yao)河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)有(you)清江景陽(yang)河(he)(he)(he)(he)段、野(ye)三河(he)(he)(he)(he)、馬水(shui)河(he)(he)(he)(he)、太陽(yang)河(he)(he)(he)(he)、東龍河(he)(he)(he)(he)、閘木水(shui)河(he)(he)(he)(he)、刀(dao)龍河(he)(he)(he)(he)、伍家河(he)(he)(he)(he)、豬(zhu)耳河(he)(he)(he)(he)等10條(tiao),其中(zhong)流(liu)域面積在100平(ping)方公里(li)(li)以上(shang)的河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)有(you)5條(tiao)。全縣共建(jian)中(zhong)型(xing)水(shui)庫兩座(zuo),小(xiao)型(xing)水(shui)庫5座(zuo),小(xiao)型(xing)水(shui)庫8座(zuo),堰塘1334口,人畜飲(yin)水(shui)池5183口,蓄水(shui)9500立方米,修建(jian)渠道(dao)281條(tiao),長354.6公里(li)(li),灌溉農(nong)田(tian)4萬畝。水(shui)源充足,水(shui)質好,無工業排水(shui)污染,有(you)利于厚樸生長發育(yu)。
3、氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)情況:建始縣境(jing)內屬亞熱帶季風(feng)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)潤(run)型山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地氣(qi)(qi)候(hou),夏(xia)季多(duo)偏南(nan)風(feng),冬(dong)季多(duo)偏北風(feng),雨量(liang)充沛,雨熱同季,立體(ti)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)特(te)征(zheng)十分顯(xian)著(zhu)。低山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區四(si)季分明(ming)(ming),氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)(wen)暖,年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)無霜期(qi)(qi)260天(tian)(tian),年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)15.5℃;二(er)(er)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地帶,氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)(wen)涼,年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)無霜期(qi)(qi)233天(tian)(tian),年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)13.1℃;高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地帶冬(dong)長(chang)夏(xia)短,春、秋(qiu)無明(ming)(ming)顯(xian)區別,氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)冷涼濕(shi)(shi)(shi)潤(run),年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)無霜期(qi)(qi)203天(tian)(tian),年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)11.7℃。縣境(jing)年(nian)(nian)日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)(shi)數分布隨(sui)(sui)海拔高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)增高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)呈拋物線形,低山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)多(duo),二(er)(er)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)少,高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)又多(duo)。全年(nian)(nian)日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)(shi)數,只占可照(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)(shi)數(日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)百分率)的(de)30%左(zuo)右(you),低山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地帶1400小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)左(zuo)右(you),平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)每天(tian)(tian)3.8小(xiao)時(shi)(shi);二(er)(er)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地帶1300小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)左(zuo)右(you),平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)每天(tian)(tian)3.6小(xiao)時(shi)(shi);高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地帶1500小(xiao)時(shi)(shi),平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)每天(tian)(tian)4.1小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)。縣境(jing)內年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)水量(liang)1400至2000毫米(mi)左(zuo)右(you),隨(sui)(sui)地域(yu)、時(shi)(shi)間變(bian)(bian)化(hua)而(er)異。以地域(yu)分:縣境(jing)北部年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)水量(liang)為(wei)1400至2000毫米(mi),各月平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)水日(ri)均(jun)(jun)在15天(tian)(tian)左(zuo)右(you);縣境(jing)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)隨(sui)(sui)海拔高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)和(he)季節變(bian)(bian)化(hua)各異,相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)基本(ben)上(shang)隨(sui)(sui)著(zhu)海拔高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)的(de)升高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)而(er)增加,低山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地帶年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)為(wei)80%,二(er)(er)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地帶年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)為(wei)82%,高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地帶年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)為(wei)85%。
三.地域范圍
建(jian)(jian)始縣(xian)(xian)隸屬湖北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)恩施土(tu)家(jia)族、苗族自治州,位于鄂西(xi)(xi)南山(shan)區(qu)北(bei)(bei)部,跨北(bei)(bei)緯30°06′至30°54′,東經(jing)109°32′至110°12′,東連(lian)巴(ba)東縣(xian)(xian),以(yi)野三河(he)(he)為界(jie)(jie);西(xi)(xi)接(jie)恩施市,以(yi)太(tai)陽(yang)河(he)(he)為界(jie)(jie);南鄰鶴峰(feng)縣(xian)(xian),以(yi)長(chang)河(he)(he)、茶寮河(he)(he)為界(jie)(jie);北(bei)(bei)與(yu)重慶市巫山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)毗連(lian);西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)與(yu)重慶市奉節、巫山(shan)兩縣(xian)(xian)接(jie)壤,建(jian)(jian)始厚樸(pu)主要分布(bu)于建(jian)(jian)始縣(xian)(xian)境內的茅田鄉、龍坪(ping)(ping)鄉、高坪(ping)(ping)鎮(zhen)、花坪(ping)(ping)鎮(zhen)、官店(dian)鎮(zhen)等10個(ge)鄉鎮(zhen),是我縣(xian)(xian)地道藥材之一,區(qu)域面積26.6572萬(wan)公頃。建(jian)(jian)始厚樸(pu)種植(zhi)面積達(da)5萬(wan)畝,基地面積近(jin)1萬(wan)畝,年產量近(jin)3000噸(dun)。