生物性狀
百(bai)(bai)(bai)合(he)(he)為百(bai)(bai)(bai)合(he)(he)科(ke)植(zhi)物,卷丹、百(bai)(bai)(bai)合(he)(he)、細葉(xie)百(bai)(bai)(bai)合(he)(he)的(de)(de)干(gan)燥肉(rou)質(zhi)鱗片(pian)。具有養陰(yin)潤肺止咳(ke),肖心安神(shen)功用;主(zhu)治陰(yin)虛燥咳(ke),勞(lao)嗽咯(ge)血、肺瘺、虛熱、煩噪驚悸、失眠(mian)、多夢(meng)等;有鎮咳(ke)、平喘、祛痰、抗(kang)疲(pi)勞(lao)、鎮靜、催眠(mian)、提高免疫力,升高外(wai)周白細胞等藥理作用。百(bai)(bai)(bai)合(he)(he)是國家衛(wei)生部首批(pi)公(gong)布的(de)(de)藥食同源的(de)(de)食品(pin)。百(bai)(bai)(bai)合(he)(he)有藥百(bai)(bai)(bai)合(he)(he)、米百(bai)(bai)(bai)合(he)(he)、菜百(bai)(bai)(bai)合(he)(he)、龍牙百(bai)(bai)(bai)合(he)(he)、虎瓜(gua)百(bai)(bai)(bai)合(he)(he)之分,龍牙百(bai)(bai)(bai)合(he)(he)是最名(ming)貴的(de)(de)一種,它內含豐富的(de)(de)生物堿,蛋白質(zhi)、礦質(zhi)元素(su)等,是食品(pin)中的(de)(de)珍品(pin),由于其價格昂貴,被奉為貴族(zu)食品(pin)。
生產情況
隆(long)回(hui)是龍牙百(bai)合原產地和主產地,栽培歷史悠久;《邵(shao)陽市(shi)商業(ye)志》載(zai):“
邵(shao)陽(yang)(yang)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)合主(zhu)產(chan)(chan)隆(long)(long)回縣(xian),清末(mo)明(ming)初已(yi)大量種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),后逐(zhu)漸發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)到(dao)今新(xin)邵(shao)、邵(shao)陽(yang)(yang)、市郊、武岡等地(di),產(chan)(chan)量以(yi)隆(long)(long)回為(wei)(wei)(wei)最多”。20世(shi)紀50年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代,隆(long)(long)回縣(xian)北(bei)山鄉被周總(zong)理(li)命名為(wei)(wei)(wei)“中國(guo)(guo)寶(bao)慶龍(long)牙(ya)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)合之鄉”。1980年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),國(guo)(guo)家計(ji)委對外貿易(yi)部基字第14號(hao)文件(jian)批準隆(long)(long)回縣(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)家出(chu)口龍(long)牙(ya)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)合生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基地(di)。隆(long)(long)回縣(xian)龍(long)牙(ya)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)合的(de)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)規(gui)模在20世(shi)紀80年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代以(yi)前(qian)常(chang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)500-1000畝不等,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)干百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)合100-250噸,20世(shi)紀90年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代以(yi)后,由于市場看好(hao),生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)較快,進(jin)了(le)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)合生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)全(quan)盛(sheng)時(shi)期。2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),國(guo)(guo)家質量監督(du)檢驗(yan)檢疫總(zong)局批準對隆(long)(long)回龍(long)牙(ya)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)合為(wei)(wei)(wei)原產(chan)(chan)地(di)域保護產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),“隆(long)(long)回龍(long)牙(ya)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)合”被國(guo)(guo)家工(gong)商總(zong)局認(ren)定為(wei)(wei)(wei)地(di)理(li)標志證明(ming)商標,實現了(le)隆(long)(long)回縣(xian)地(di)理(li)標志證明(ming)商標零的(de)突(tu)破。2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)隆(long)(long)回縣(xian)的(de)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)合的(de)植(zhi)(zhi)面積發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)到(dao)1400畝,產(chan)(chan)量達(da)到(dao)10000噸、產(chan)(chan)值達(da)到(dao)2.4億元(yuan),至2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),產(chan)(chan)品(pin)加工(gong)仍(reng)以(yi)初加工(gong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),精選小(xiao)包裝(zhuang)加工(gong)、百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)合精粉(fen)加工(gong)、百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)合蓉加工(gong)已(yi)開始起步,“龍(long)牙(ya)牌”龍(long)牙(ya)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)合已(yi)獲綠(lv)色食品(pin)標志。
隆(long)回是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)龍(long)牙(ya)百(bai)合(he)主產(chan)區,也是(shi)(shi)世界龍(long)牙(ya)百(bai)合(he)集散地(di)。龍(long)牙(ya)百(bai)合(he)的(de)(de)銷售一是(shi)(shi)國(guo)(guo)內大中(zhong)(zhong)城市(shi)的(de)(de)商業(ye)超市(shi),以廣州、深圳、上海等(deng)大城市(shi)為(wei)主;二是(shi)(shi)東南(nan)亞等(deng)國(guo)(guo)際市(shi)場,食用百(bai)合(he)是(shi)(shi)一種中(zhong)(zhong)華傳(chuan)統飲食文化,國(guo)(guo)外有(you)華人集中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)城市(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)地(di)方,就是(shi)(shi)百(bai)合(he)的(de)(de)主要消(xiao)費(fei)市(shi)場。百(bai)合(he)的(de)(de)銷售價格受國(guo)(guo)際經濟形勢的(de)(de)影(ying)響呈起伏上升趨勢。
原產地域產品保護
根(gen)據《中華人(ren)民共和國產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)法》和《原(yuan)(yuan)產(chan)地域(yu)產(chan)品(pin)保護(hu)規定》,國家(jia)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監(jian)督檢(jian)驗檢(jian)疫總(zong)局通過(guo)了對隆回龍牙百合(he)原(yuan)(yuan)產(chan)地域(yu)產(chan)品(pin)保護(hu)申(shen)請的審查(cha),批準自2005年2月4日起對隆回龍牙百合(he)實施原(yuan)(yuan)產(chan)地域(yu)保護(hu)公告2005年第18號。
地域保護范圍
隆(long)(long)回龍牙(ya)百合原(yuan)產地域(yu)(yu)范(fan)圍以湖南省隆(long)(long)回縣(xian)人民政(zheng)府《關于劃定“隆(long)(long)回龍牙(ya)百合”原(yuan)產地域(yu)(yu)范(fan)圍的(de)建議》(隆(long)(long)政(zheng)函[2003]45號)提出的(de)地域(yu)(yu)范(fan)圍為(wei)準,為(wei)湖南省隆(long)(long)回縣(xian)所轄(xia)行政(zheng)區域(yu)(yu)。