一.產品介紹
廣(guang)靈畫眉驢的(de)(de)來源,無歷史記載,傳(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)不一(yi),據縣志(見附件)記載,早(zao)在200年(nian)以前,驢就列為廣(guang)靈縣大(da)牲(sheng)畜之一(yi),因當時靈丘、陽原(yuan)來廣(guang)靈買驢的(de)(de)販子(zi)較多(duo),到(dao)民國(guo)后期,主要(yao)分布在廣(guang)靈、靈丘、陽原(yuan)三(san)縣周圍。我(wo)縣的(de)(de)產(chan)驢區中心以加斗、蕉山、王(wang)洼、南村(cun)、城(cheng)關公(gong)社密度較大(da),戶均(jun)5頭。 廣(guang)靈畫眉驢的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)及故(gu)事:
1、據云南到(dao)廣(guang)靈(ling)做買賣的生意(yi)人(ren)傳(chuan)說,廣(guang)靈(ling)畫眉驢(lv)真是厲(li)害,被云南某驢(lv)場購進后,在一(yi)次山區放牧中,遇見一(yi)只老(lao)虎(hu),放牧人(ren)危恐老(lao)虎(hu)撲(pu)向(xiang)驢(lv)群(qun),這時(shi)驢(lv)群(qun)中的公種(zhong)驢(lv)跑(pao)到(dao)最前(qian)面,放聲(sheng)宏(hong)亮的叫(jiao)了起來,把老(lao)虎(hu)給嚇跑(pao)了。
2、據從(cong)(cong)(cong)1955年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)一(yi)直(zhi)干(gan)獸(shou)醫(yi)(yi)、站(zhan)長(chang)、副(fu)局長(chang)、局長(chang)崗位29年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)史寶洲介(jie)紹說,他小時(shi)(shi)候聽(ting)民(min)間講述,驢(lv)(lv)(lv)從(cong)(cong)(cong)什么時(shi)(shi)間開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)叫(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“畫(hua)(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)(lv)”的(de)(de)。早在300年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前,因(yin)它的(de)(de)內耳、眼圈、嘴頭(tou)、前胸(xiong)、肚(du)底長(chang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)白色,被毛為(wei)(wei)(wei)黑色,形如美麗的(de)(de)畫(hua)(hua)眉鳥(niao),所(suo)以人民(min)群眾從(cong)(cong)(cong)那(nei)時(shi)(shi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)就(jiu)叫(jiao)(jiao)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“畫(hua)(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)(lv)”。廣(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)歷史文獻、著作(zuo)(zuo)等有關資料:從(cong)(cong)(cong)1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi),山(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)獸(shou)醫(yi)(yi)科研(yan)所(suo)與省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)學院協作(zuo)(zuo),對(dui)(dui)全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)畜(chu)(chu)禽進行了(le)全(quan)面(mian)調查,1960年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)編(bian)寫(xie)的(de)(de)《山(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)家(jia)畜(chu)(chu)家(jia)禽良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)圖譜》一(yi)書(shu)中就(jiu)有廣(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)(lv)。1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)劉開(kai)(kai)(kai)基(ji)副(fu)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)在省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)工作(zuo)(zuo)會(hui)議(yi)總(zong)結(jie)報告中就(jiu)講到廣(guang)靈(ling)、聞喜為(wei)(wei)(wei)優種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)繁(fan)殖(zhi)基(ji)地(di)縣(xian)(會(hui)后(hou)(hou)正式(shi)由山(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)委、省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)政府下發文件),確定(ding)(ding)西(xi)(xi)加斗、王洼(wa)莊(zhuang)、南(nan)岳(yue)莊(zhuang)、西(xi)(xi)宜興、將(jiang)官(guan)莊(zhuang)、張家(jia)洼(wa)等51個村,為(wei)(wei)(wei)繁(fan)殖(zhi)基(ji)地(di)村。對(dui)(dui)于培育(yu)(yu)畫(hua)(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)(lv)工作(zuo)(zuo),從(cong)(cong)(cong)1963年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)起(qi),先后(hou)(hou)聘請山(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)農(nong)學院養馬(ma)(驢(lv)(lv)(lv))專家(jia)朱先煌、許金友,省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)牧(mu)(mu)校(xiao)校(xiao)長(chang)于大甲等教授和(he)畜(chu)(chu)禽品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)編(bian)委的(de)(de)同志鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)。1973年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)6月由山(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)學院畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)獸(shou)醫(yi)(yi)系(xi)和(he)廣(guang)靈(ling)縣(xian)畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)局共(gong)同編(bian)寫(xie)了(le)資料匯(hui)編(bian)《山(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)廣(guang)靈(ling)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)》(見(jian)附(fu)(fu)(fu)件),1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)9月1日,全(quan)國(guo)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)技術(shu)經驗交流(liu)會(hui)從(cong)(cong)(cong)山(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)夏縣(xian)轉(zhuan)到廣(guang)靈(ling)縣(xian)繼續開(kai)(kai)(kai)會(hui),全(quan)國(guo)馬(ma)匹畜(chu)(chu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)委員(yuan)會(hui)的(de)(de)6個省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)獸(shou)醫(yi)(yi)研(yan)究所(suo)和(he)本(ben)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)5個省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)直(zhi)單位、院校(xiao)、12個縣(xian)的(de)(de)代表共(gong)75人(見(jian)附(fu)(fu)(fu)件),對(dui)(dui)廣(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)(lv)長(chang)期的(de)(de)培育(yu)(yu)和(he)精心(xin)飼養給(gei)予(yu)高(gao)度評價。并(bing)于1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)8月通過(guo)了(le)技術(shu)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(見(jian)附(fu)(fu)(fu)件)。將(jiang)廣(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)(lv)定(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)國(guo)四大優種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)之一(yi)。對(dui)(dui)其(qi)中一(yi)頭(tou)高(gao)1.6米(mi)的(de)(de)公驢(lv)(lv)(lv),認定(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)國(guo)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)之最,世界亦屬罕見(jian),當時(shi)(shi)參會(hui)人員(yuan)就(jiu)叫(jiao)(jiao)這(zhe)頭(tou)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)王(見(jian)圖片)。同年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)廣(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)(lv)載(zai)入全(quan)國(guo)《馬(ma)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)志》一(yi)書(shu)(見(jian)附(fu)(fu)(fu)件)。截止1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)8月廣(guang)靈(ling)縣(xian)政府共(gong)舉(ju)辦了(le)三屆畫(hua)(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)(lv)評賽(sai)大會(hui)(見(jian)附(fu)(fu)(fu)件)。廣(guang)靈(ling)縣(xian)優種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)場于1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)12月被列(lie)入山(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)國(guo)營種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)畜(chu)(chu)場名(ming)單內(見(jian)附(fu)(fu)(fu)件)。
據(ju)(ju)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)畜牧獸醫局(ju)統(tong)計(ji),從六十年代(dai)初到(dao)(dao)現在,全國(guo)共(gong)有(you)24個省、市(shi)(shi)自治區和本省38個市(shi)(shi)、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、區累計(ji)從廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)調出(chu)(chu)優(you)種公(gong)驢(lv)3560多頭(tou)。據(ju)(ju)本縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蕉山鄉東崖(ya)頭(tou)村尉金講(jiang)述:“廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)于1959年向越南民(min)(min)主共(gong)和國(guo)出(chu)(chu)口種公(gong)驢(lv)3頭(tou),種母驢(lv)7頭(tou),組織(zhi)上(shang)選派他和另外(wai)兩人(ren)(ren)與雁(yan)北地區畜牧局(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)3位同志一起用(yong)汽車(che)、火車(che)護送到(dao)(dao)越南國(guo)境(jing)內(nei)”。廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)畫(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)這一優(you)良驢(lv)種以其特有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)種用(yong)、役用(yong)、肉用(yong)價值,驢(lv)皮(pi)是阿膠藥物的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要原料(liao),有(you)較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)藥用(yong)價值,因(yin)此(ci)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)畫(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)馳(chi)名中外(wai),譽滿全國(guo)。2007年2月(yue)國(guo)家(jia)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)部第(di)662號公(gong)告(gao)確定(ding)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)畫(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)為國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)畜禽遺傳資源保(bao)護品種,2009年8月(yue)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)委(wei)、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)政府(fu)召開(kai)了“首屆中國(guo)﹒廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)畫(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)文化(hua)節”(見(jian)圖(tu)片)。2009年11月(yue)我(wo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)第(di)一批獲(huo)得(de)國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)驢(lv)保(bao)護區范圍。廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)優(you)種驢(lv)場(chang)獲(huo)得(de)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)驢(lv)保(bao)種場(chang)。2010年12月(yue)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)畫(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)養(yang)殖(zhi)協會(hui),已將廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)畫(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)報送國(guo)家(jia)商標局(ju)注冊(見(jian)附件)。廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)是傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),隨著農(nong)(nong)業(ye)產(chan)業(ye)結(jie)構的(de)(de)(de)(de)進一步調整,傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)谷子和豆類種植(zhi)面積(ji)逐(zhu)年擴(kuo)大(da),全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)種植(zhi)谷子的(de)(de)(de)(de)面積(ji)從二(er)OO一年的(de)(de)(de)(de)3.5萬畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),上(shang)升到(dao)(dao)10萬畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),豆類面積(ji)也上(shang)升到(dao)(dao)4.5萬畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。再加上(shang)全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)32萬畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)玉(yu)米秸桿(gan),還有(you)天然草場(chang),人(ren)(ren)工種草也逐(zhu)年擴(kuo)大(da),飼草、飼料(liao)為廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)畫(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)發展具(ju)備了雄厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)物質基礎。更是開(kai)辟了廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)致富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)道路(lu),對于實施(shi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)增效,農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)增收,農(nong)(nong)村穩定(ding),繁(fan)榮市(shi)(shi)場(chang),改善食物結(jie)構豐富(fu)菜籃子,提高(gao)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)生活水平奠(dian)定(ding)了良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎,產(chan)品將銷往大(da)同、太原、北京、天津、河北等(deng)大(da)中型(xing)城市(shi)(shi),逐(zhu)步遠銷國(guo)內(nei)外(wai)大(da)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)。
二.自然生態環(huan)境和人文歷史(shi)因素
廣(guang)靈縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)位于山(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)省東北(bei)(bei)邊陲,北(bei)(bei)依(yi)陽高(gao)(gao)、天(tian)(tian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),西(xi)(xi)(xi)傍北(bei)(bei)岳(yue)恒山(shan)(shan)東襟,南(nan)與靈邱(qiu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)鄰,東接朔蔚公(gong)(gong)路(lu)和(he)河(he)(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)省的(de)(de)(de)蔚縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)接壤(rang)(rang),是山(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)省距離北(bei)(bei)京市最(zui)近的(de)(de)(de)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)區。全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)總面積1283平方公(gong)(gong)里,地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌半(ban)(ban)山(shan)(shan)半(ban)(ban)川,縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)域西(xi)(xi)(xi)、北(bei)(bei)部(bu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)區,西(xi)(xi)(xi)高(gao)(gao)東低(di),北(bei)(bei)高(gao)(gao)南(nan)低(di),形如(ru)四(si)(si)塊盆地(di)(di)(di)(di),自然(ran)地(di)(di)(di)(di)形可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、丘陵、平原三(san)部(bu)分(fen),各占三(san)分(fen)之一左(zuo)右。壺(hu)流河(he)(he)(he)慣穿東西(xi)(xi)(xi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源充沛,交通方便,土地(di)(di)(di)(di)肥沃。1.土壤(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌情況(kuang):廣(guang)靈畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)驢生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)在地(di)(di)(di)(di)處雁北(bei)(bei)高(gao)(gao)寒(han)(han)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)廣(guang)靈縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),土壤(rang)(rang)類型以礫石、沙土、壤(rang)(rang)土、粘(zhan)土為(wei)(wei)(wei)主,土壤(rang)(rang)PH值7.2—7.8之間(jian)。有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)32.4mg/kg,堿(jian)解氮210.2mg/kg,有(you)效磷126.2mg/kg,速效鉀568mg/kg,這(zhe)種(zhong)土質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)養(yang)分(fen)較高(gao)(gao),加之縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)域內沒有(you)工業污染,為(wei)(wei)(wei)優質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谷子、豆類、葫(hu)麻(ma)等小(xiao)雜糧最(zui)佳(jia)生(sheng)產(chan)區域。這(zhe)幾種(zhong)植物正是畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)驢整(zheng)個生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)期(qi)不可缺(que)少的(de)(de)(de)優質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)飼料和(he)飼草。2.水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況(kuang):該縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)域內壺(hu)流河(he)(he)(he)、枕(zhen)頭(tou)河(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫、下河(he)(he)(he)灣水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)神堂(tang)交匯于縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)城東和(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)城南(nan),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源極(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)豐富。主要澆灌宜興、加斗、蕉山(shan)(shan)和(he)壺(hu)泉四(si)(si)個大(da)(da)鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)74個大(da)(da)村,枕(zhen)頭(tou)河(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫,下河(he)(he)(he)灣水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫和(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)神堂(tang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量達(da)(da)到國家一級飲(yin)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)標(biao)準(zhun),富含(han)多(duo)(duo)(duo)種(zhong)礦物質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。山(shan)(shan)清水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)秀、碧水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)藍(lan)天(tian)(tian),空氣(qi)(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量達(da)(da)到國家一級標(biao)準(zhun),很適宜谷子、豆類、葫(hu)麻(ma)產(chan)品生(sheng)長(chang)(chang),為(wei)(wei)(wei)飼養(yang)廣(guang)靈畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)驢提供了獨一無(wu)二的(de)(de)(de)優質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)草料。3.氣(qi)(qi)候情況(kuang):該縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)屬高(gao)(gao)寒(han)(han)地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶,春季(ji)(ji)少雨多(duo)(duo)(duo)風(feng),夏季(ji)(ji)炎熱,最(zui)高(gao)(gao)氣(qi)(qi)溫達(da)(da)到34℃,降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)集中在公(gong)(gong)歷6—9月間(jian),秋季(ji)(ji)多(duo)(duo)(duo)是晴朗(lang)涼爽天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)(qi),冬季(ji)(ji)寒(han)(han)冷干燥,四(si)(si)季(ji)(ji)分(fen)明,無(wu)霜期(qi)差異較大(da)(da),中部(bu)、東北(bei)(bei)部(bu)、東南(nan)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)平川為(wei)(wei)(wei)160天(tian)(tian)左(zuo)右,西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)山(shan)(shan)區為(wei)(wei)(wei)130天(tian)(tian)左(zuo)右。全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)年平均氣(qi)(qi)溫9度,全(quan)(quan)年日照時數在2800—3100小(xiao)時之間(jian),年平均降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)415mm,與谷子、豆類、葫(hu)麻(ma)等小(xiao)雜糧最(zui)佳(jia)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)期(qi)吻合,為(wei)(wei)(wei)飼養(yang)廣(guang)靈畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)驢提供了優越的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)候優勢(shi)。
三.地域范圍
廣(guang)靈畫眉驢(lv)農產品(pin)地理標志保護區(qu)域為(wei):廣(guang)靈縣所(suo)轄2鎮(zhen)7個(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang),即(ji):南村(cun)鎮(zhen)、壺泉鎮(zhen)、加(jia)斗鄉(xiang)(xiang)、作疃鄉(xiang)(xiang)、宜興鄉(xiang)(xiang)、蕉山鄉(xiang)(xiang)、斗泉鄉(xiang)(xiang)、梁(liang)莊鄉(xiang)(xiang)、望狐(hu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)的180個(ge)(ge)行(xing)政村(cun)(北(bei)(bei)至(zhi)(zhi)劉家溝(gou)村(cun),西至(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)福窯村(cun),南至(zhi)(zhi)聶家溝(gou)村(cun),東(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)恩莊村(cun)),養殖面(mian)積128300公頃,年出欄(lan)(lan)4300多頭,出欄(lan)(lan)率占45%,年存欄(lan)(lan)9600多頭。地理坐標北(bei)(bei)緯39°51′—39°55′,東(dong)徑113°51′—114°24′之間,全境地勢西北(bei)(bei)高,東(dong)南低(di),從西北(bei)(bei)向東(dong)南逐漸傾斜,海拔最高2375米,最低(di)930米。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性(xing)特征
1.外(wai)在感(gan)官特征:廣靈(ling)畫眉(mei)驢(lv)的外(wai)形(xing)特征是(shi):體格高大,結(jie)構(gou)勻(yun)稱,肌肉豐滿,鼻(bi)梁平直,眼(yan)大微突(tu),兩(liang)耳豎立而(er)靈(ling)活,背部(bu)(bu)寬廣平直,腹部(bu)(bu)充(chong)實,四肢(zhi)粗壯,蹄質(zhi)堅(jian)硬,尾粗長(chang)。因內耳、眼(yan)圈、嘴頭(tou)、前胸、肚(du)底為白色,被毛為黑色,形(xing)如美麗的畫眉(mei)鳥(niao),所(suo)以叫(jiao)“畫眉(mei)驢(lv)”。
2.內在品(pin)質(zhi):廣(guang)靈(ling)畫眉驢(lv)肉(rou)(rou)營(ying)養豐富(fu),是一種低(di)脂(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)、高(gao)蛋(dan)白質(zhi)的(de)食(shi)物。高(gao)等(deng)級(ji)的(de)驢(lv)胴(dong)體(ti)(ti)(ti),在屠宰(zai)車間吊起時,整個(ge)體(ti)(ti)(ti)軀顯得豐滿,兩(liang)后(hou)腿之間呈“U”字形(xing),胴(dong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)肌(ji)肉(rou)(rou)發育良好,肌(ji)肉(rou)(rou)纖維(wei)間的(de)脂(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)沉積較多,呈大理石狀。與牛肉(rou)(rou)、羊肉(rou)(rou)、豬肉(rou)(rou)相比,有著瘦肉(rou)(rou)多、脂(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)少的(de)特點,加之該(gai)畫眉驢(lv)肉(rou)(rou)有著特殊的(de)生(sheng)物學(xue)和食(shi)品(pin)價值(zhi),因(yin)而(er)深受消費者的(de)歡迎(ying)。它的(de)內含成分(fen)為:水分(fen)65.0-75.0 g/100g;灰分(fen)≤1.5 g/100g;蛋(dan)白質(zhi)≥18g/100g;脂(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)3.0-12.0g/100g;熱量(liang)≥485KJ/100g;鉀≥300mg/100g;鈉(na)≤ 46.0mg/100g;鈣≥2.0mg/100g;鐵≥3.0mg/100g;鋅≥2.0mg/100g;磷≥170mg/100g;不飽和脂(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)酸(suan)(suan)≥4.0%,其中油酸(suan)(suan)≥3.0%,亞(ya)油酸(suan)(suan)≥1.0%,亞(ya)麻酸(suan)(suan)≥0.2%;天門冬(dong)氨(an)酸(suan)(suan)≥1.5g/100g;谷氨(an)酸(suan)(suan)≥2.5g/100g。
3.安全要求:廣(guang)靈(ling)畫眉驢(lv)所飼喂的(de)草料(liao),飲(yin)用(yong)水(shui),要求無(wu)毒(du)無(wu)污染(ran),看病、防疫、打針、灌(guan)藥的(de)獸醫(yi)要有資質(zhi)證(zheng)明(ming),嚴禁(jin)雇用(yong)無(wu)任何證(zheng)照的(de)獸醫(yi)行醫(yi)。在屠宰(zai)前15天,嚴禁(jin)打針、灌(guan)藥和飼喂不安全的(de)草料(liao)和飲(yin)用(yong)水(shui)。所屠宰(zai)的(de)生(sheng)驢(lv)肉產品(pin)必須符(fu)合(he)中華(hua)人(ren)民共(gong)和國肉食(shi)類規(gui)定(ding)的(de)標(biao)準安全指標(biao),在包裝(zhuang)、標(biao)識(shi)上需符(fu)合(he)農(nong)業部(bu)《農(nong)產品(pin)包裝(zhuang)和標(biao)識(shi)管理辦法(fa)》,進入(ru)市場的(de)必須遵守《農(nong)產品(pin)質(zhi)量安全法(fa)》及其它法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui)的(de)有關(guan)規(gui)定(ding)。包裝(zhuang)材(cai)料(liao)應符(fu)合(he)GB11680和GB89687的(de)規(gui)定(ding),包裝(zhuang)物使(shi)用(yong)無(wu)毒(du)油(you)墨(mo)印刷,銷售和包裝(zhuang)物應標(biao)注“廣(guang)靈(ling)畫眉驢(lv)”標(biao)志,并標(biao)明(ming)產品(pin)名稱、數量、產地、包裝(zhuang)日期、生(sheng)產單位、保質(zhi)期、產品(pin)質(zhi)量、執(zhi)行標(biao)準代(dai)號等(deng)級(ji)等(deng)內容(rong)。
五(wu).特定生產方式
1.產地選擇與(yu)特(te)殊內容規定(ding):產地要求:全縣(xian)所有飼養(yang)畫眉驢的(de)公(gong)司、場(chang)(chang)、合作社(she)和小區(qu)場(chang)(chang)所的(de)基地選擇,應遠離城區(qu)、工業污染區(qu)和生(sheng)活(huo)垃圾場(chang)(chang)的(de)地方(fang),所飼養(yang)的(de)畫眉驢90%以上海拔在1200—1800米之間。環(huan)(huan)境質(zhi)量:要選擇空氣(qi)清新、水(shui)質(zhi)純凈,具有良好生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境的(de)地區(qu)。
2.品種(zhong)(zhong)選擇(ze)與(yu)特定(ding)要(yao)求(qiu):幼駒(ju)選擇(ze)主要(yao)是眼(yan)圈、嘴頭、內耳、前胸、肚底(di)均為(wei)(wei)(wei)白色(se),被毛(mao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)黑色(se),齒齊、口方(fang)、軀干長的(de)留為(wei)(wei)(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)用(yong),橫雜毛(mao)色(se)的(de)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)肉(rou)用(yong)。特定(ding)要(yao)求(qiu):三春公種(zhong)(zhong)驢體(ti)高1.30米以上(shang)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)用(yong),1.30米以下(xia)(xia)基本上(shang)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)肉(rou)用(yong),母(mu)驢體(ti)高1.2米以上(shang)留作(zuo)種(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)繁殖,1.2米以下(xia)(xia)及橫雜毛(mao)色(se)的(de)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)肉(rou)用(yong)。
3.生(sheng)長過程管理:從配種、胚胎到(dao)幼(you)駒,生(sheng)長為(wei)(wei)成驢(三春),完成它的(de)生(sheng)長發育(yu)期,按照生(sheng)長發育(yu)的(de)優劣,留(liu)為(wei)(wei)種用或肉用規律,一般分為(wei)(wei)6個時(shi)期。
(1)胚胎(tai)(tai)期:母(mu)(mu)驢(lv)(lv)懷(huai)胎(tai)(tai)360多天(tian)才能產駒(ju),要加強(qiang)護理,增加營養(yang)(yang)(yang)。養(yang)(yang)(yang)好妊(ren)娠母(mu)(mu)驢(lv)(lv),保(bao)證胎(tai)(tai)兒(er)正常發育(yu)。由于(yu)先天(tian)發育(yu)的(de)(de)良好,才能為生(sheng)(sheng)后發育(yu)奠定基礎,胎(tai)(tai)兒(er)的(de)(de)營養(yang)(yang)(yang)由母(mu)(mu)體(ti)獲得。因(yin)此,必須加強(qiang)妊(ren)娠母(mu)(mu)驢(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)飼養(yang)(yang)(yang),特別是妊(ren)娠最(zui)后2—3個月(yue)。所以養(yang)(yang)(yang)好妊(ren)娠母(mu)(mu)驢(lv)(lv)對胎(tai)(tai)兒(er)及生(sheng)(sheng)后的(de)(de)良好發育(yu)都有(you)著雙重的(de)(de)意義(yi)。
(2)幼駒期:幼駒出生(sheng)后(hou)在兩(liang)小時(shi)內(nei)應盡(jin)早吃好初乳(ru),產(chan)后(hou)3天(tian)以(yi)內(nei)的(de)初乳(ru)營養(yang)豐富,含有抗體(ti)和較(jiao)多無(wu)機(ji)鹽類,可增強(qiang)驢(lv)駒的(de)免(mian)疫力和胎糞的(de)排出。在吃飽營養(yang)豐富的(de)母(mu)乳(ru)的(de)基礎上,從1-2月齡時(shi)開始(shi)喂精料,每天(tian)150—200克(ke),兩(liang)個月后(hou)逐步增加到0.5千(qian)(qian)克(ke),斷(duan)奶時(shi)達到0.75—1千(qian)(qian)克(ke),1—6月齡以(yi)內(nei),幼駒的(de)生(sheng)長強(qiang)度,體(ti)長、胸(xiong)圍的(de)增長值(zhi)都超過(guo)20厘米,為生(sheng)后(hou)生(sheng)長強(qiang)度最快時(shi)期。另外,還要補充食(shi)(shi)鹽、骨(gu)粉10—15克(ke),飼草(cao)任其采食(shi)(shi)。
(3)兩歲(sui)期:兩歲(sui)驢駒(ju)體(ti)長相對(dui)生長發育速度加(jia)快(kuai),體(ti)長可(ke)占(zhan)成年(nian)(nian)(nian)的93.7%,此時體(ti)高和(he)(he)管(guan)圍(wei)分別占(zhan)成年(nian)(nian)(nian)驢的96%和(he)(he)97%,只有胸圍(wei)占(zhan)成年(nian)(nian)(nian)的89%。精料(豆(dou)類、玉米、麩皮、麻參、骨粉(fen))每日可(ke)喂3—4公斤左右。
(4)3歲(sui)(sui)(sui)期:3歲(sui)(sui)(sui)時驢(lv)的(de)胸(xiong)(xiong)圍(wei)(wei)生長速度增快,胸(xiong)(xiong)圍(wei)(wei)占成年驢(lv)的(de)94.8%,而(er)這時體(ti)(ti)(ti)高、體(ti)(ti)(ti)長和管(guan)圍(wei)(wei)分別占成年驢(lv)的(de)99.3%,99%和98.5%。3歲(sui)(sui)(sui)時驢(lv)的(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)尺接近成年驢(lv)體(ti)(ti)(ti)尺,體(ti)(ti)(ti)格基(ji)本定型,胸(xiong)(xiong)圍(wei)(wei)和體(ti)(ti)(ti)重以后有小(xiao)的(de)增長,性機能已完(wan)全(quan)成熟,可以投入配種(zhong)繁殖。精料與兩歲(sui)(sui)(sui)駒(ju)基(ji)本相同(tong),每頭母驢(lv)在飼養(yang)、管(guan)理好的(de)情況(kuang)下,應(ying)產駒(ju)10—16頭。
(5)產品屠(tu)宰(zai)(zai)及(ji)產后(hou)處理(li)規定:育肥(fei)驢(lv)屠(tu)宰(zai)(zai)應在(zai)四歲至十五歲之間,通過短期(qi)育肥(fei),屠(tu)宰(zai)(zai)后(hou)應胴(dong)體修整、劈(pi)半(ban)、水沖、檢驗(yan)和加(jia)蓋(gai)衛生檢疫章等工序,要及(ji)時冷(leng)凍。冷(leng)凍溫度應在(zai)-5℃以下。3.6生產記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)要求:為達到(dao)色、香、味美。廣靈畫眉驢(lv)屠(tu)宰(zai)(zai)、加(jia)工企業、公司、小(xiao)區、合作(zuo)社(she)組織和養(yang)殖戶,應當按照《農產品質量(liang)安(an)全法(fa)》的(de)(de)要求,建(jian)立喂養(yang)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)和防(fang)病治病的(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu),記(ji)(ji)載(zai)近期(qi)投入(ru)品的(de)(de)名稱(cheng)、來源;疾病最后(hou)的(de)(de)治療時間,停(ting)藥的(de)(de)最后(hou)時期(qi)。記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)保存(cun)二(er)年(nian)。