一.產品介紹
廣靈(ling)畫眉(mei)驢(lv)的(de)來源,無歷史記載(zai),傳(chuan)說(shuo)不一,據縣志(zhi)(見附件)記載(zai),早在200年以前,驢(lv)就列為廣靈(ling)縣大牲畜之一,因當時靈(ling)丘、陽原來廣靈(ling)買驢(lv)的(de)販(fan)子(zi)較多(duo),到民(min)國(guo)后期,主要(yao)分布在廣靈(ling)、靈(ling)丘、陽原三縣周圍。我縣的(de)產驢(lv)區中心以加斗、蕉山、王洼(wa)、南村、城關公社密度較大,戶均5頭。 廣靈(ling)畫眉(mei)驢(lv)的(de)傳(chuan)說(shuo)及故(gu)事:
1、據云(yun)南(nan)到(dao)(dao)廣(guang)靈做買賣的(de)生意人傳說,廣(guang)靈畫眉驢(lv)真是厲害,被(bei)云(yun)南(nan)某驢(lv)場購(gou)進后,在(zai)一次(ci)山(shan)區放牧中(zhong),遇見(jian)一只老(lao)虎,放牧人危恐(kong)老(lao)虎撲向驢(lv)群(qun),這時(shi)驢(lv)群(qun)中(zhong)的(de)公種驢(lv)跑到(dao)(dao)最前面(mian),放聲宏亮的(de)叫了起來,把老(lao)虎給(gei)嚇(xia)跑了。
2、據從(cong)(cong)1955年(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)始(shi)一直干獸(shou)(shou)醫(yi)、站長(chang)、副局(ju)長(chang)、局(ju)長(chang)崗位29年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)史寶洲介紹說,他小時(shi)候聽民間(jian)講(jiang)述,驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)從(cong)(cong)什(shen)么時(shi)間(jian)開(kai)始(shi)叫為(wei)“畫(hua)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)”的(de)(de)。早在300年(nian)(nian)(nian)前,因它的(de)(de)內耳、眼圈、嘴頭(tou)、前胸(xiong)、肚底長(chang)為(wei)白色,被(bei)毛為(wei)黑色,形如(ru)美麗(li)的(de)(de)畫(hua)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)鳥(niao),所(suo)以人民群眾從(cong)(cong)那時(shi)開(kai)始(shi)就(jiu)叫驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)“畫(hua)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)”。廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)歷(li)史文獻、著作(zuo)等(deng)有關資料:從(cong)(cong)1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)始(shi),山(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)獸(shou)(shou)醫(yi)科研所(suo)與省(sheng)農學(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)協(xie)作(zuo),對全省(sheng)畜(chu)(chu)禽(qin)進行(xing)了全面調查(cha),1960年(nian)(nian)(nian)編寫(xie)的(de)(de)《山(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)家畜(chu)(chu)家禽(qin)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)圖譜(pu)》一書中就(jiu)有廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)劉開(kai)基副省(sheng)長(chang)在省(sheng)畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)工作(zuo)會(hui)(hui)(hui)議總結(jie)報告(gao)中就(jiu)講(jiang)到廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)、聞喜為(wei)優種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)繁(fan)殖(zhi)基地縣(xian)(會(hui)(hui)(hui)后(hou)正(zheng)式由(you)山(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)委(wei)、省(sheng)政府下(xia)發文件(jian)),確(que)定(ding)西(xi)加斗、王(wang)洼(wa)莊、南岳莊、西(xi)宜興、將官莊、張家洼(wa)等(deng)51個村(cun),為(wei)繁(fan)殖(zhi)基地村(cun)。對于培育(yu)畫(hua)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)工作(zuo),從(cong)(cong)1963年(nian)(nian)(nian)起,先后(hou)聘(pin)請山(shan)(shan)西(xi)農學(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)養(yang)馬(ma)(ma)(驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv))專家朱先煌、許金友,省(sheng)牧(mu)(mu)校(xiao)校(xiao)長(chang)于大甲等(deng)教授和(he)畜(chu)(chu)禽(qin)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)編委(wei)的(de)(de)同(tong)志鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)。1973年(nian)(nian)(nian)6月由(you)山(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)農學(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)獸(shou)(shou)醫(yi)系和(he)廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)縣(xian)畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)局(ju)共同(tong)編寫(xie)了資料匯編《山(shan)(shan)西(xi)廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)》(見(jian)(jian)附(fu)件(jian)),1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)9月1日,全國驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)技術經(jing)驗(yan)交流會(hui)(hui)(hui)從(cong)(cong)山(shan)(shan)西(xi)夏縣(xian)轉到廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)縣(xian)繼續(xu)開(kai)會(hui)(hui)(hui),全國馬(ma)(ma)匹畜(chu)(chu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)委(wei)員會(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)6個省(sheng)畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)獸(shou)(shou)醫(yi)研究所(suo)和(he)本(ben)省(sheng)5個省(sheng)直單(dan)位、院(yuan)(yuan)校(xiao)、12個縣(xian)的(de)(de)代(dai)表共75人(見(jian)(jian)附(fu)件(jian)),對廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)長(chang)期的(de)(de)培育(yu)和(he)精(jing)心飼養(yang)給予高度評(ping)價。并于1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月通過(guo)了技術鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(見(jian)(jian)附(fu)件(jian))。將廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)定(ding)為(wei)全國四大優種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)一。對其中一頭(tou)高1.6米(mi)的(de)(de)公驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv),認定(ding)為(wei)全國驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)最,世界(jie)亦屬罕見(jian)(jian),當(dang)時(shi)參會(hui)(hui)(hui)人員就(jiu)叫這頭(tou)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)王(wang)(見(jian)(jian)圖片)。同(tong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)載(zai)入全國《馬(ma)(ma)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)志》一書(見(jian)(jian)附(fu)件(jian))。截止1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)縣(xian)政府共舉(ju)辦(ban)了三屆畫(hua)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)評(ping)賽大會(hui)(hui)(hui)(見(jian)(jian)附(fu)件(jian))。廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)縣(xian)優種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)場(chang)于1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月被(bei)列入山(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)國營(ying)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)畜(chu)(chu)場(chang)名單(dan)內(見(jian)(jian)附(fu)件(jian))。
據縣(xian)(xian)畜牧獸醫局統計,從六十年(nian)(nian)(nian)代初到(dao)現(xian)在,全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)共有(you)(you)24個(ge)省、市(shi)(shi)自治區(qu)和(he)(he)本省38個(ge)市(shi)(shi)、縣(xian)(xian)、區(qu)累計從廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)調(diao)出(chu)優(you)種(zhong)公驢(lv)(lv)(lv)3560多頭。據本縣(xian)(xian)蕉(jiao)山鄉東崖頭村尉金講述(shu):“廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)于(yu)1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)向越南(nan)民主(zhu)(zhu)共和(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)出(chu)口種(zhong)公驢(lv)(lv)(lv)3頭,種(zhong)母驢(lv)(lv)(lv)7頭,組織(zhi)上(shang)選派他和(he)(he)另外(wai)兩人(ren)與雁北地(di)區(qu)畜牧局的(de)(de)(de)(de)3位同(tong)志(zhi)一(yi)起用(yong)(yong)汽車、火(huo)車護送到(dao)越南(nan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)境(jing)內(nei)”。廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫眉(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)這(zhe)一(yi)優(you)良(liang)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)種(zhong)以其(qi)特(te)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)用(yong)(yong)、役(yi)用(yong)(yong)、肉用(yong)(yong)價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi),驢(lv)(lv)(lv)皮(pi)是阿膠藥物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要原料(liao),有(you)(you)較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)藥用(yong)(yong)價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi),因此廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫眉(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)馳(chi)名(ming)中外(wai),譽(yu)滿(man)全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)。2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)2月國(guo)(guo)(guo)家農(nong)業部第662號公告確定(ding)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫眉(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家級(ji)畜禽遺傳資源(yuan)保護品(pin)種(zhong),2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)委、縣(xian)(xian)政府召(zhao)開(kai)了“首屆(jie)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)﹒廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫眉(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)文化節”(見(jian)圖片)。2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月我縣(xian)(xian)第一(yi)批獲(huo)得國(guo)(guo)(guo)家級(ji)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)保護區(qu)范圍。廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)優(you)種(zhong)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)場(chang)獲(huo)得廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)保種(zhong)場(chang)。2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫眉(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)養殖協會,已將廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫眉(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)報送國(guo)(guo)(guo)家商標局注冊(見(jian)附件)。廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)是傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)業縣(xian)(xian),隨著農(nong)業產業結構的(de)(de)(de)(de)進一(yi)步(bu)調(diao)整,傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)谷(gu)子(zi)(zi)和(he)(he)豆類種(zhong)植面積逐年(nian)(nian)(nian)擴(kuo)大(da),全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)種(zhong)植谷(gu)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)面積從二(er)OO一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)3.5萬畝(mu),上(shang)升(sheng)到(dao)10萬畝(mu),豆類面積也(ye)上(shang)升(sheng)到(dao)4.5萬畝(mu)。再加上(shang)全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)32萬畝(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)玉(yu)米秸桿(gan),還有(you)(you)天然(ran)草場(chang),人(ren)工種(zhong)草也(ye)逐年(nian)(nian)(nian)擴(kuo)大(da),飼草、飼料(liao)為(wei)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫眉(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)發(fa)展具備(bei)了雄厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)質基礎(chu)(chu)。更是開(kai)辟(pi)了廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)人(ren)民致(zhi)富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)道路(lu),對于(yu)實施農(nong)業增效(xiao),農(nong)民增收(shou),農(nong)村穩定(ding),繁榮市(shi)(shi)場(chang),改善(shan)食物(wu)結構豐富(fu)菜籃(lan)子(zi)(zi),提高人(ren)民生(sheng)活(huo)水平(ping)奠定(ding)了良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)(chu),產品(pin)將銷往大(da)同(tong)、太(tai)原、北京、天津、河北等大(da)中型城市(shi)(shi),逐步(bu)遠銷國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)外(wai)大(da)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)。
二(er).自然生(sheng)態(tai)環境和人文歷(li)史因素
廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)縣位(wei)于山(shan)(shan)西省東(dong)(dong)北(bei)邊陲,北(bei)依陽高(gao)、天(tian)鎮縣,西傍北(bei)岳恒(heng)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)襟,南與(yu)靈(ling)邱(qiu)縣為(wei)(wei)鄰,東(dong)(dong)接朔蔚公路和(he)河(he)北(bei)省的(de)蔚縣接壤(rang)(rang),是山(shan)(shan)西省距離北(bei)京市最近的(de)縣區(qu)。全縣總面積1283平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里(li),地(di)(di)(di)貌半(ban)山(shan)(shan)半(ban)川(chuan),縣域西、北(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)多為(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)區(qu),西高(gao)東(dong)(dong)低,北(bei)高(gao)南低,形如(ru)四塊盆地(di)(di)(di),自(zi)然地(di)(di)(di)形可分為(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)、丘陵、平(ping)(ping)(ping)原三部(bu)(bu)(bu)分,各占三分之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)左右。壺流(liu)河(he)慣穿東(dong)(dong)西,水源(yuan)充沛,交通(tong)方(fang)便,土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)肥沃。1.土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)(di)貌情(qing)況(kuang):廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)眉驢(lv)生(sheng)長在地(di)(di)(di)處雁北(bei)高(gao)寒地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)縣,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)類(lei)型以礫石、沙土(tu)(tu)、壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)、粘土(tu)(tu)為(wei)(wei)主,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)PH值7.2—7.8之(zhi)間(jian)。有機質(zhi)(zhi)32.4mg/kg,堿解氮(dan)210.2mg/kg,有效磷126.2mg/kg,速效鉀568mg/kg,這種土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)有機質(zhi)(zhi)養(yang)分較高(gao),加(jia)之(zhi)縣域內沒有工業污(wu)染,為(wei)(wei)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)谷(gu)子、豆(dou)類(lei)、葫麻等小(xiao)雜糧最佳生(sheng)產區(qu)域。這幾種植(zhi)物正是畫(hua)眉驢(lv)整個(ge)生(sheng)長期不(bu)可缺少(shao)的(de)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)和(he)飼(si)(si)草。2.水文情(qing)況(kuang):該縣域內壺流(liu)河(he)、枕(zhen)(zhen)頭河(he)水庫、下河(he)灣水庫、水神堂交匯于縣城東(dong)(dong)和(he)縣城南,水資源(yuan)極為(wei)(wei)豐富。主要澆灌宜興、加(jia)斗、蕉山(shan)(shan)和(he)壺泉四個(ge)大鄉(xiang)鎮74個(ge)大村,枕(zhen)(zhen)頭河(he)水庫,下河(he)灣水庫和(he)水神堂水體質(zhi)(zhi)量達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)國(guo)(guo)家一(yi)(yi)級飲(yin)用水標準,富含(han)多種礦物質(zhi)(zhi)。山(shan)(shan)清水秀、碧水藍天(tian),空氣質(zhi)(zhi)量達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)國(guo)(guo)家一(yi)(yi)級標準,很(hen)適宜谷(gu)子、豆(dou)類(lei)、葫麻產品(pin)生(sheng)長,為(wei)(wei)飼(si)(si)養(yang)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)眉驢(lv)提供了獨一(yi)(yi)無二的(de)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)草料(liao)(liao)。3.氣候情(qing)況(kuang):該縣屬高(gao)寒地(di)(di)(di)帶,春季(ji)少(shao)雨(yu)多風(feng),夏(xia)季(ji)炎熱,最高(gao)氣溫達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)34℃,降水集(ji)中在公歷6—9月間(jian),秋季(ji)多是晴朗涼爽(shuang)天(tian)氣,冬(dong)季(ji)寒冷干燥,四季(ji)分明,無霜期差異較大,中部(bu)(bu)(bu)、東(dong)(dong)北(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)、東(dong)(dong)南部(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)川(chuan)為(wei)(wei)160天(tian)左右,西部(bu)(bu)(bu)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)為(wei)(wei)130天(tian)左右。全縣年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均氣溫9度(du),全年(nian)日照時數在2800—3100小(xiao)時之(zhi)間(jian),年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均降水415mm,與(yu)谷(gu)子、豆(dou)類(lei)、葫麻等小(xiao)雜糧最佳生(sheng)長期吻合,為(wei)(wei)飼(si)(si)養(yang)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)眉驢(lv)提供了優(you)(you)越的(de)氣候優(you)(you)勢。
三.地域范圍
廣(guang)靈(ling)畫眉驢農(nong)產品地(di)(di)理標志(zhi)保護區域為:廣(guang)靈(ling)縣(xian)所(suo)轄2鎮7個鄉(xiang)(xiang),即:南(nan)村(cun)(cun)鎮、壺(hu)泉(quan)(quan)鎮、加斗鄉(xiang)(xiang)、作疃鄉(xiang)(xiang)、宜興鄉(xiang)(xiang)、蕉山鄉(xiang)(xiang)、斗泉(quan)(quan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、梁(liang)莊鄉(xiang)(xiang)、望(wang)狐鄉(xiang)(xiang)的180個行政村(cun)(cun)(北(bei)(bei)至劉(liu)家溝村(cun)(cun),西至東(dong)福窯村(cun)(cun),南(nan)至聶家溝村(cun)(cun),東(dong)至下(xia)恩莊村(cun)(cun)),養(yang)殖面(mian)積128300公(gong)頃(qing),年(nian)出欄(lan)4300多(duo)頭,出欄(lan)率(lv)占45%,年(nian)存欄(lan)9600多(duo)頭。地(di)(di)理坐(zuo)標北(bei)(bei)緯(wei)39°51′—39°55′,東(dong)徑113°51′—114°24′之間(jian),全境地(di)(di)勢西北(bei)(bei)高,東(dong)南(nan)低,從(cong)西北(bei)(bei)向東(dong)南(nan)逐漸傾斜,海拔最(zui)高2375米(mi),最(zui)低930米(mi)。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)性特(te)征
1.外(wai)在感官特(te)征(zheng):廣靈畫眉(mei)(mei)驢(lv)的外(wai)形(xing)特(te)征(zheng)是:體格(ge)高大,結構勻稱,肌肉豐滿(man),鼻梁(liang)平直,眼大微突(tu),兩耳(er)豎立而靈活,背部(bu)寬廣平直,腹部(bu)充(chong)實,四肢粗(cu)壯,蹄質堅硬(ying),尾粗(cu)長。因內耳(er)、眼圈(quan)、嘴頭、前胸、肚底為白色,被毛為黑色,形(xing)如美麗(li)的畫眉(mei)(mei)鳥,所(suo)以叫“畫眉(mei)(mei)驢(lv)”。
2.內(nei)在品質:廣靈畫(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)肉(rou)(rou)營養(yang)豐富,是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)低脂肪(fang)、高蛋白(bai)質的(de)(de)食物(wu)(wu)。高等(deng)級(ji)的(de)(de)驢(lv)胴體,在屠宰(zai)車間(jian)(jian)吊起(qi)時,整個體軀顯得豐滿(man),兩(liang)后腿之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)呈“U”字形,胴體肌肉(rou)(rou)發(fa)育良好(hao),肌肉(rou)(rou)纖維間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)脂肪(fang)沉(chen)積(ji)較多,呈大理(li)石狀。與(yu)牛(niu)肉(rou)(rou)、羊肉(rou)(rou)、豬肉(rou)(rou)相(xiang)比,有著瘦肉(rou)(rou)多、脂肪(fang)少的(de)(de)特(te)點(dian),加之(zhi)該畫(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)肉(rou)(rou)有著特(te)殊的(de)(de)生物(wu)(wu)學(xue)和(he)食品價(jia)值,因而深受消(xiao)費者的(de)(de)歡迎。它的(de)(de)內(nei)含成分(fen)為:水分(fen)65.0-75.0 g/100g;灰(hui)分(fen)≤1.5 g/100g;蛋白(bai)質≥18g/100g;脂肪(fang)3.0-12.0g/100g;熱(re)量≥485KJ/100g;鉀≥300mg/100g;鈉≤ 46.0mg/100g;鈣(gai)≥2.0mg/100g;鐵(tie)≥3.0mg/100g;鋅≥2.0mg/100g;磷≥170mg/100g;不飽和(he)脂肪(fang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)≥4.0%,其(qi)中油酸(suan)(suan)(suan)≥3.0%,亞油酸(suan)(suan)(suan)≥1.0%,亞麻酸(suan)(suan)(suan)≥0.2%;天門冬氨(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)≥1.5g/100g;谷氨(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)≥2.5g/100g。
3.安(an)全要求(qiu):廣靈畫(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)所飼(si)喂(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)草(cao)料(liao),飲用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui),要求(qiu)無(wu)毒(du)無(wu)污染,看病、防(fang)疫、打針(zhen)、灌藥的(de)(de)獸(shou)醫(yi)(yi)要有資質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)證(zheng)(zheng)明,嚴禁雇用(yong)(yong)無(wu)任何證(zheng)(zheng)照的(de)(de)獸(shou)醫(yi)(yi)行醫(yi)(yi)。在屠宰前15天,嚴禁打針(zhen)、灌藥和(he)飼(si)喂(wei)(wei)不(bu)安(an)全的(de)(de)草(cao)料(liao)和(he)飲用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)。所屠宰的(de)(de)生驢(lv)(lv)肉產品(pin)必須符合(he)中(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)民共和(he)國(guo)肉食類(lei)規定(ding)的(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)安(an)全指(zhi)標(biao),在包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)、標(biao)識上需符合(he)農(nong)(nong)業部(bu)《農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)和(he)標(biao)識管理辦法(fa)》,進(jin)入市場的(de)(de)必須遵守《農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量安(an)全法(fa)》及其它法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規的(de)(de)有關(guan)規定(ding)。包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)材料(liao)應(ying)符合(he)GB11680和(he)GB89687的(de)(de)規定(ding),包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)物(wu)使用(yong)(yong)無(wu)毒(du)油墨印(yin)刷(shua),銷(xiao)售和(he)包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)物(wu)應(ying)標(biao)注“廣靈畫(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)”標(biao)志,并標(biao)明產品(pin)名稱、數量、產地(di)、包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)日期、生產單(dan)位、保質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)期、產品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量、執(zhi)行標(biao)準(zhun)代號等(deng)級等(deng)內容。
五.特(te)定生產方(fang)式
1.產地(di)選擇與(yu)特(te)殊內容(rong)規定:產地(di)要求:全(quan)縣所有飼(si)(si)養(yang)畫眉驢的公司、場(chang)、合作社和(he)(he)小區(qu)場(chang)所的基地(di)選擇,應(ying)遠離城區(qu)、工(gong)業污染(ran)區(qu)和(he)(he)生(sheng)活(huo)垃圾(ji)場(chang)的地(di)方,所飼(si)(si)養(yang)的畫眉驢90%以上海拔在1200—1800米之(zhi)間。環境質量:要選擇空氣清新、水(shui)質純凈(jing),具有良好生(sheng)態環境的地(di)區(qu)。
2.品種(zhong)選擇與(yu)特定(ding)要求:幼駒(ju)選擇主要是眼圈、嘴頭、內耳、前胸、肚底均為(wei)白色(se)(se),被毛為(wei)黑色(se)(se),齒齊、口方、軀干長的(de)留為(wei)種(zhong)用(yong),橫雜毛色(se)(se)的(de)作(zuo)為(wei)肉用(yong)。特定(ding)要求:三(san)春公種(zhong)驢體(ti)高1.30米以上(shang)作(zuo)為(wei)種(zhong)用(yong),1.30米以下基本上(shang)作(zuo)為(wei)肉用(yong),母驢體(ti)高1.2米以上(shang)留作(zuo)種(zhong)用(yong)繁殖,1.2米以下及橫雜毛色(se)(se)的(de)作(zuo)為(wei)肉用(yong)。
3.生(sheng)長(chang)過程管理:從配種(zhong)、胚胎到幼駒,生(sheng)長(chang)為(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)驢(lv)(三春),完成(cheng)(cheng)它的(de)生(sheng)長(chang)發育(yu)期(qi),按(an)照生(sheng)長(chang)發育(yu)的(de)優(you)劣,留為(wei)種(zhong)用(yong)或肉用(yong)規律(lv),一般(ban)分為(wei)6個時期(qi)。
(1)胚胎期:母(mu)驢(lv)懷胎360多天才能(neng)產(chan)駒(ju),要(yao)加(jia)強護理,增加(jia)營(ying)養。養好(hao)妊(ren)娠母(mu)驢(lv),保證胎兒(er)正常發(fa)育。由(you)于先(xian)天發(fa)育的(de)(de)良(liang)好(hao),才能(neng)為生(sheng)后發(fa)育奠(dian)定基(ji)礎,胎兒(er)的(de)(de)營(ying)養由(you)母(mu)體獲得。因此,必須(xu)加(jia)強妊(ren)娠母(mu)驢(lv)的(de)(de)飼養,特別是妊(ren)娠最后2—3個(ge)月(yue)。所(suo)以養好(hao)妊(ren)娠母(mu)驢(lv)對胎兒(er)及生(sheng)后的(de)(de)良(liang)好(hao)發(fa)育都有著雙重的(de)(de)意義。
(2)幼(you)(you)駒(ju)(ju)(ju)期(qi):幼(you)(you)駒(ju)(ju)(ju)出生(sheng)后(hou)在兩小時(shi)內(nei)(nei)應盡(jin)早吃好初(chu)乳,產后(hou)3天(tian)以內(nei)(nei)的(de)初(chu)乳營養豐富,含有(you)抗體(ti)和較多無機鹽(yan)類,可增強(qiang)驢(lv)駒(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)免疫(yi)力和胎糞的(de)排(pai)出。在吃飽營養豐富的(de)母(mu)乳的(de)基礎上(shang),從1-2月齡時(shi)開始(shi)喂精料(liao),每天(tian)150—200克(ke),兩個月后(hou)逐步(bu)增加(jia)到(dao)0.5千克(ke),斷奶時(shi)達到(dao)0.75—1千克(ke),1—6月齡以內(nei)(nei),幼(you)(you)駒(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)生(sheng)長(chang)強(qiang)度(du),體(ti)長(chang)、胸(xiong)圍的(de)增長(chang)值都超過20厘(li)米,為(wei)生(sheng)后(hou)生(sheng)長(chang)強(qiang)度(du)最快時(shi)期(qi)。另外,還(huan)要補充食(shi)鹽(yan)、骨粉(fen)10—15克(ke),飼草(cao)任(ren)其采食(shi)。
(3)兩(liang)歲期:兩(liang)歲驢(lv)駒(ju)體長相對生長發(fa)育速(su)度加(jia)快,體長可占成(cheng)(cheng)年的93.7%,此時體高和(he)管圍分別占成(cheng)(cheng)年驢(lv)的96%和(he)97%,只(zhi)有胸圍占成(cheng)(cheng)年的89%。精料(liao)(豆(dou)類、玉米、麩(fu)皮、麻參、骨(gu)粉)每日可喂(wei)3—4公斤(jin)左右。
(4)3歲(sui)期(qi):3歲(sui)時(shi)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)胸圍生長速度(du)增快,胸圍占成(cheng)年驢(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)94.8%,而(er)這時(shi)體(ti)(ti)高、體(ti)(ti)長和管圍分(fen)別占成(cheng)年驢(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)99.3%,99%和98.5%。3歲(sui)時(shi)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)體(ti)(ti)尺接(jie)近成(cheng)年驢(lv)(lv)(lv)體(ti)(ti)尺,體(ti)(ti)格基本定型,胸圍和體(ti)(ti)重以(yi)后有(you)小的(de)增長,性機(ji)能已(yi)完(wan)全成(cheng)熟(shu),可以(yi)投入配種繁(fan)殖(zhi)。精料與兩歲(sui)駒(ju)基本相同,每頭母驢(lv)(lv)(lv)在飼養、管理好的(de)情況下,應(ying)產駒(ju)10—16頭。
(5)產(chan)品(pin)屠(tu)宰及產(chan)后(hou)處理規定:育肥驢(lv)屠(tu)宰應(ying)(ying)在四歲至(zhi)十五(wu)歲之間,通過短(duan)期(qi)育肥,屠(tu)宰后(hou)應(ying)(ying)胴體修整、劈半(ban)、水沖、檢驗(yan)和(he)加蓋衛生檢疫章等工序,要及時(shi)(shi)冷凍。冷凍溫度(du)應(ying)(ying)在-5℃以(yi)下。3.6生產(chan)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)要求(qiu):為達到色(se)、香、味美。廣靈畫眉驢(lv)屠(tu)宰、加工企業、公司、小區、合作(zuo)社(she)組織和(he)養(yang)殖戶,應(ying)(ying)當按照《農產(chan)品(pin)質量安(an)全(quan)法(fa)》的要求(qiu),建立喂養(yang)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)和(he)防病治病的記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu),記(ji)(ji)載近期(qi)投入品(pin)的名(ming)稱、來源;疾病最后(hou)的治療時(shi)(shi)間,停藥的最后(hou)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)。記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)保存二(er)年。