產品簡介
灌陽雪梨三月上旬開花八(ba)月成熟。其果(guo)大(da)質(zhi)優(you),外形美(mei)觀(guan),果(guo)皮薄,肉質(zhi)細嫩,汁多風(feng)味(wei)濃,香(xiang)甜可(ke)口,清脆化渣(zha),果(guo)心(xin)小,可(ke)食率高。經(jing)(jing)測定(ding)可(ke)溶(rong)性固形物(wu)達13.6%,無機鹽(yan),類有潤肺心(xin)、化痰止(zhi)咳和清熱解毒等功效,深受人們的青(qing)瞇(mi),早在五(wu)、六十年代陽灌雪梨就暢銷港澳及(ji)東南(nan)亞一帶。八(ba)十年代經(jing)(jing)有關專(zhuan)家(jia)鑒定(ding)為全(quan)國最優(you)質(zhi)的砂(sha)(sha)梨之一,1991-1993年又(you)經(jing)(jing)區水(shui)果(guo)辦緩(huan)緩(huan)廣西(xi)農大(da)、農科院、農業廳、柑桔研究所(suo)的專(zhuan)家(jia)重新鑒定(ding)為廣西(xi)最優(you)質(zhi)的砂(sha)(sha)梨品種(zhong)。
地域范圍
地(di)域范圍包括灌陽縣(xian)(xian)灌陽鎮(zhen)、黃關鎮(zhen)、新(xin)街鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、新(xin)圩鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、水車鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、文(wen)(wen)市(shi)鎮(zhen)、觀(guan)音閣(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、洞井鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、西(xi)山鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等9個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen),其中主產地(di)是灌陽鎮(zhen)、黃關鎮(zhen)、文(wen)(wen)市(shi)鎮(zhen)和新(xin)街鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。灌陽縣(xian)(xian)位于廣西(xi)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)部,地(di)處東(dong)(dong)經110°43′16″-111°20′13″,北(bei)(bei)緯25°10′32″-25°45′37″,海拔(ba)180-2009米。接兩(liang)省(sheng),連三縣(xian)(xian),東(dong)(dong)與(yu)湖(hu)南(nan)省(sheng)道(dao)縣(xian)(xian),江永縣(xian)(xian)交界,西(xi)與(yu)興安縣(xian)(xian)、靈川縣(xian)(xian)毗鄰,南(nan)與(yu)恭城縣(xian)(xian)接壤,北(bei)(bei)與(yu)全(quan)州縣(xian)(xian)相連,東(dong)(dong)有都龐嶺(ling),西(xi)有海洋(yang)山,呈柳(liu)葉形。南(nan)北(bei)(bei)長90公(gong)里(li),東(dong)(dong)西(xi)寬39公(gong)里(li),屬喀斯(si)特巖溶地(di)貌(mao),全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)總面積1838平方公(gong)里(li)(183799公(gong)頃)。
自(zi)然(ran)生態(tai)環境和人(ren)文(wen)歷史因素(su)
(1)地(di)(di)形(xing)地(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao):灌陽縣地(di)(di)層最早(zao)起源(yuan)于早(zao)寒武紀,以泥(ni)盆紀相(xiang)沉(chen)積為主,燕山運動造(zao)就(jiu)了都龐嶺、海洋山,形(xing)成現(xian)在的(de)灌陽地(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)雛型和由(you)花崗巖(yan)、砂頁(ye)(ye)巖(yan)、砂巖(yan)、頁(ye)(ye)巖(yan)、紫色砂(頁(ye)(ye))巖(yan)、石(shi)灰(hui)巖(yan)及洪積、第四紀紅土等組成復雜的(de)地(di)(di)質結構;以中山為主的(de)山地(di)(di)丘陵河谷地(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)。海拔最低點180米(mi),最高點2009米(mi),灌江由(you)南向北縱(zong)貫(guan)全縣。境內山清水秀,山巒疊嶂(zhang),地(di)(di)形(xing)地(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)錯綜復雜,為喀(ka)期特巖(yan)溶地(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao),大(da)體分為“八山一(yi)耕地(di)(di),半(ban)水半(ban)村莊”。
(2)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤狀況:雪梨產區的成土(tu)(tu)(tu)母質(zhi)(zhi)主要有(you):洪(hong)積物、沖積物、石灰巖、砂(sha)頁巖、紫色巖。pH值在(zai)5.5-6.5之間,有(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)含量在(zai)2-3%之間,土(tu)(tu)(tu)層深(shen)厚,活土(tu)(tu)(tu)層在(zai)50厘米以上,地下水位在(zai)1米以下。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤質(zhi)(zhi)地以壤土(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)(he)粘壤土(tu)(tu)(tu)為主,少量沙壤土(tu)(tu)(tu)。幼齡果園(yuan)每年(nian)種植綠(lv)肥3000公斤/畝左右,因(yin)此果園(yuan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤多為壤土(tu)(tu)(tu),團粒(li)結構好(hao),深(shen)厚肥沃、有(you)良(liang)好(hao)的通(tong)透(tou)性和(he)(he)蓄水性,保(bao)水保(bao)肥能力強(qiang),非常適合雪梨生長(chang)。
(3)水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況:全縣(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源豐富(fu),呈羽狀(zhuang)分布,灌(guan)江是唯一的(de)(de)主(zhu)干河流,注入湘江,屬長江水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)。灌(guan)江在本(ben)縣(xian)長119公(gong)里(li),它(ta)有觀音閣(ge)鄉、洞井鄉、西山鄉、黃(huang)關鎮的(de)(de)廣(guang)闊(kuo)森林植被形成的(de)(de)“綠色水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫”涵育水(shui)(shui)(shui)分。集雨面(mian)積(ji)1769.24平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li),占全縣(xian)總面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)96.3%,年(nian)(nian)均(jun)經(jing)流總量246600萬立(li)方(fang)米(mi),年(nian)(nian)均(jun)流量73.2立(li)方(fang)米(mi)/秒。畝耕地(di)(di)有水(shui)(shui)(shui)805立(li)方(fang)米(mi)。縣(xian)內一級干流和(he)二級支流共23條(tiao)。全縣(xian)年(nian)(nian)均(jun)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)總量31億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米(mi),徑流深1207.8立(li)方(fang)米(mi)。外縣(xian)客水(shui)(shui)(shui)流入面(mian)積(ji)為160.79平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)占8%。地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質優良,沒有人為及工(gong)業(ye)污染,是理想的(de)(de)工(gong)農業(ye)生產和(he)生活(huo)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源。
(4)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)情(qing)況:灌(guan)陽縣屬中亞熱帶(dai)季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)區,氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)溫(wen)和(he),雨量充(chong)沛,光照充(chong)足,溫(wen)和(he)濕(shi)(shi)潤(run),四(si)季(ji)分(fen)明,冬短夏長(chang),干(gan)濕(shi)(shi)季(ji)節明顯。全年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)基(ji)本上無(wu)明顯高(gao)溫(wen)、嚴寒。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)17.9℃,其(qi)中常(chang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)最(zui)低溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)-1.6℃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)極端高(gao)溫(wen)39℃,極端低溫(wen)-5.8℃,≥10℃的(de)(de)積(ji)溫(wen)5384.5℃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)有(you)(you)(you)效積(ji)溫(wen)3031℃,無(wu)霜期(qi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)286天。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)降雨量1538.4毫米;年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)日(ri)照1416.3小時,日(ri)照百分(fen)率(lv)為(wei)(wei)31%;年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)相(xiang)對(dui)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)78%,屬濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)或半(ban)濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)地區。常(chang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)3月~6月相(xiang)對(dui)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)較(jiao)高(gao),一般在(zai)84%以上,10月相(xiang)對(dui)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)較(jiao)低,月平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)最(zui)小相(xiang)對(dui)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)76%。雪梨(li)(li)生長(chang)與光溫(wen)同期(qi),對(dui)產(chan)量、品(pin)質的(de)(de)形(xing)成極為(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)利。優越的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)條(tiao)件有(you)(you)(you)利于灌(guan)陽雪梨(li)(li)的(de)(de)生長(chang)。
(5)人文歷史(shi)情況:灌(guan)(guan)陽縣(xian)地(di)(di)處廣(guang)(guang)西東(dong)北部,屬農(nong)業、商貿、旅游(you)區。莽(mang)莽(mang)森林,山清水(shui)秀,洞(dong)奇石美,風(feng)景名(ming)(ming)勝甚多,有(you)烏(wu)龍(long)披雪(xue)(xue)、龍(long)崗擁秀、柏亭別意、王(wang)(wang)樓晚渡、靈巖秋月、三峰煙雨(yu)、紫竹(zhu)掃(sao)臺等(deng)旅游(you)勝地(di)(di),有(you)著厚(hou)重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)文化和(he)(he)深(shen)厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文化底蘊(yun)。灌(guan)(guan)陽雪(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)是(shi)灌(guan)(guan)陽縣(xian)傳統果(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)之一(yi)(yi)(yi),據(ju)載(zai)(zai)在灌(guan)(guan)陽民間(jian)已有(you)三百多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)歷史(shi)。關(guan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)灌(guan)(guan)陽雪(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)最(zui)早(zao)(zao)記載(zai)(zai),是(shi)在舊《灌(guan)(guan)陽縣(xian)志(zhi)(zhi)》(康熙四(si)十七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)版)物(wu)(wu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)欄(lan)中(zhong)(zhong),稱(cheng)“梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)有(you)雪(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)清水(shui)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)青皮梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)早(zao)(zao)禾(he)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)數(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以雪(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)為最(zui)上”,可(ke)見在康熙年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian),灌(guan)(guan)陽已有(you)雪(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)。《灌(guan)(guan)陽縣(xian)志(zhi)(zhi)》(道光(guang)二(er)(er)(er)十四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)版)興地(di)(di)風(feng)俗類(lei)(lei)摘出(chu),物(wu)(wu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)欄(lan)果(guo)(guo)之屬有(you)雪(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)記載(zai)(zai),稱(cheng)“梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)熟(shu)(shu)也可(ke)食(shi)”,至光(guang)緒丁未年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)灌(guan)(guan)陽縣(xian)志(zhi)(zhi)也有(you)類(lei)(lei)似的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記載(zai)(zai)。民國(guo)時期《廣(guang)(guang)西年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)監》(第二(er)(er)(er)回)稱(cheng)“灌(guan)(guan)陽雪(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)質(zhi)(zhi)清脆,可(ke)與天津雪(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)比美”。雖然早(zao)(zao)有(you)雪(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)記載(zai)(zai),直到清宣(xuan)統二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1910年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))才第一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)出(chu)現雪(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju),全(quan)縣(xian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)雪(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)1200石(72噸),為當(dang)時桂林府屬11個縣(xian)唯一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雪(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)出(chu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)縣(xian)。民國(guo)22年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)雪(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)574噸,產(chan)(chan)(chan)值達(da)84100元。由于(yu)(yu)(yu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)優良,灌(guan)(guan)陽雪(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)在民國(guo)初就暢(chang)銷(xiao)香港(gang)、澳(ao)門及(ji)東(dong)南亞一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶。《廣(guang)(guang)西壯(zhuang)族自治區果(guo)(guo)樹品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)志(zhi)(zhi)》(1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)版)將(jiang)其(qi)(qi)列(lie)為全(quan)區同(tong)類(lei)(lei)果(guo)(guo)樹之首。一(yi)(yi)(yi)九(jiu)八(ba)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)十二(er)(er)(er)月出(chu)版的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)果(guo)(guo)樹栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)學》第二(er)(er)(er)卷、第二(er)(er)(er)章介紹砂梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),稱(cheng)“廣(guang)(guang)西灌(guan)(guan)陽雪(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)是(shi)我國(guo)有(you)名(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)砂梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優良品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”。在由華南農(nong)業大(da)(da)學主(zhu)(zhu)編(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)國(guo)高等(deng)農(nong)業院(yuan)校教(jiao)材《果(guo)(guo)樹栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)學各論(lun)》梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)和(he)(he)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)節中(zhong)(zhong),介紹了灌(guan)(guan)陽雪(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),“原(yuan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)廣(guang)(guang)西灌(guan)(guan)陽,為廣(guang)(guang)西優良品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)小把子雪(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),大(da)(da)把子雪(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)假雪(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)三個品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),原(yuan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)八(ba)月中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)成熟(shu)(shu),可(ke)貯(zhu)至次(ci)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)二(er)(er)(er)月”。二(er)(er)(er)十世(shi)紀八(ba)十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代經有(you)關(guan)專家鑒(jian)定(ding)為全(quan)國(guo)最(zui)優質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)砂梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之一(yi)(yi)(yi),堪(kan)稱(cheng)“梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)之王(wang)(wang)”。1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),進(jin)行雪(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)優良單株(zhu)選育,進(jin)入(ru)二(er)(er)(er)十一(yi)(yi)(yi)世(shi)紀后,通(tong)過實施優果(guo)(guo)工程,大(da)(da)力推廣(guang)(guang)拉枝促花、疏(shu)果(guo)(guo)套袋(dai)、頻振式(shi)殺蟲燈誘蟲等(deng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)系列(lie)新技術后,雪(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量和(he)(he)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)提(ti)高。由于(yu)(yu)(yu)雪(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適應(ying)性強,豐(feng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)穩(wen)產(chan)(chan)(chan),鮮(xian)果(guo)(guo)銷(xiao)售(shou)期長(每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)8月到10月),果(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量好,有(you)獨特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保健作用,深(shen)受消費者喜(xi)愛,產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)遠銷(xiao)湖(hu)(hu)南、湖(hu)(hu)北、廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)等(deng)大(da)(da)中(zhong)(zhong)城市(shi)及(ji)加拿大(da)(da)、港(gang)澳(ao)、東(dong)南亞一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶。2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)獲“廣(guang)(guang)西名(ming)(ming)牌產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)”稱(cheng)號,2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)通(tong)過無公(gong)害(hai)水(shui)果(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)認定(ding),2006年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)通(tong)過無公(gong)害(hai)水(shui)果(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)認證。到2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)止,栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)面積達(da)2000公(gong)頃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量達(da)3.51萬噸,是(shi)灌(guan)(guan)陽農(nong)村經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)支柱產(chan)(chan)(chan)業,是(shi)農(nong)民增(zeng)收的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)渠道。
灌(guan)陽雪梨最(zui)先在紅(hong)旗鄉(現(xian)在的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)灌(guan)陽鎮(zhen))長坪村(cun)種植(zhi),而后(hou),逐(zhu)步推廣到附近(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大仁村(cun)、秀鳳村(cun)和文市鎮(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)達溪村(cun)、新街鄉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)江口村(cun)。現(xian)以大仁村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)米(mi)珠(zhu)山(shan)屯、朱安沖屯種植(zhi)最(zui)多(duo),果質最(zui)佳。在灌(guan)陽鎮(zhen)大仁村(cun)朱安沖屯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鳳凰(huang)山(shan),長坪村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)易家屯,還保留有成(cheng)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)約為120多(duo)年樹齡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老雪梨樹。由此可見,灌(guan)陽縣栽培雪梨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)是比較悠(you)久(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。
灌陽雪(xue)梨為農(nong)產(chan)品地理標志(zhi)產(chan)品。