芒果视频

一.產品介紹

黔北(bei)黑豬(zhu)分(fen)布于(yu)貴州省的(de)(de)北(bei)部(bu)和東北(bei)部(bu)，主產(chan)于(yu)遵義(yi)、綏(sui)陽、湄(mei)潭(tan)、桐梓、正安、務川、鳳崗(gang)、余慶(qing)、道真、習水、匯川、紅花崗(gang)等(deng)縣區。產(chan)區居民以漢族為主，由于(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)、生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)的(de)(de)需要，群眾除養豬(zhu)積(ji)肥外，還有殺(sha)年豬(zhu)-煉(lian)油和腌制臘肉的(de)(de)習慣，所以多選擇“油多易肥”的(de)(de)豬(zhu)作種(zhong)用(yong)，對外形的(de)(de)要求是“頭大、嘴(zui)長、岔口深，腳高、體(ti)長架子(zi)蹬，大耳(er)下(xia)掛粗尾(wei)根，倒八卦頭日增斤。境內以大婁山脈為主體(ti)，是貴州高原向四川盆地傾斜和向西湘丘陵(ling)過渡的(de)(de)地帶，赤(chi)水河，芙(fu)蓉江、烏江流經其(qi)間。產(chan)區春(chun)暖較(jiao)早，秋寒較(jiao)晚，夏(xia)溫(wen)較(jiao)高，土(tu)壤肥沃，雨(yu)量充沛，農業較(jiao)發達，以水稻、小麥、玉(yu)米(mi)、油菜(cai)為王，并盛產(chan)蕃薯(shu)、馬鈴薯(shu)、豆類、花生(sheng)(sheng)以及烤(kao)煙、茶葉等(deng)經濟(ji)作物(wu)。由于(yu)山場廣闊，野生(sheng)(sheng)飼料和農副產(chan)品豐富，為養豬(zhu)提供了物(wu)質條件。

二.自然生態環(huan)境和人文(wen)歷(li)史因(yin)素

1、土(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌 黔(qian)(qian)北(bei)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)主(zhu)產(chan)地(di)遵義地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)地(di)勢(shi)以中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)峽谷(gu)為主(zhu)，低(di)山(shan)(shan)丘陵次(ci)之，山(shan)(shan)巒起伏，形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)高(gao)山(shan)(shan)、溝(gou)谷(gu)、丘陵和(he)盆地(di)相間的(de)復雜(za)地(di)形(xing)。屬低(di)緯度高(gao)海拔(ba)的(de)山(shan)(shan)地(di)農業區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。耕(geng)(geng)地(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積(ji)30762平方(fang)公(gong)里，占貴州(zhou)省(sheng)耕(geng)(geng)地(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積(ji)的(de)17.46％，其中(zhong)，山(shan)(shan)地(di)占61.9％，丘陵占30.7％，盆地(di)及(ji)(ji)河(he)谷(gu)壩子僅占7.4％。耕(geng)(geng)地(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積(ji)588.1萬畝(mu)，人(ren)均耕(geng)(geng)地(di)0.82畝(mu)。該(gai)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)地(di)質(zhi)結構復雜(za)，土(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)型多樣，以黃(huang)壤(rang)、黃(huang)棕壤(rang)、石灰土(tu)和(he)水稻(dao)土(tu)為主(zhu)，土(tu)質(zhi)肥沃。 產(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)居民以漢族(zu)為主(zhu)，亦有(you)仡佬族(zu)、土(tu)家族(zu)、苗族(zu)等少數民族(zu)，由于生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)、生(sheng)(sheng)活需(xu)要(yao)(yao)，群眾(zhong)除養豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)積(ji)肥外，還有(you)殺年(nian)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、煉(lian)油(you)和(he)腌制(zhi)臘肉(rou)的(de)習慣，所以多選擇(ze)“油(you)多易(yi)肥”的(de)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)作(zuo)(zuo)種用。產(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)群眾(zhong)選擇(ze)種豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)積(ji)累(lei)了(le)豐富(fu)的(de)經(jing)驗，對外形(xing)的(de)要(yao)(yao)求是“頭大(da)、嘴(zui)長、岔口(kou)深，腳高(gao)、體長架子蹬，大(da)耳下掛粗(cu)尾根，倒八卦頭日(ri)增斤”。 產(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)農業較發(fa)達，是貴州(zhou)省(sheng)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)糧食(shi)產(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，主(zhu)產(chan)稻(dao)谷(gu)、玉米、小(xiao)麥、油(you)菜，也(ye)盛產(chan)紅(hong)薯、馬鈴薯、豆類(lei)、花生(sheng)(sheng)等農作(zuo)(zuo)物和(he)各類(lei)蔬菜，再加上草場廣(guang)闊，野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)牧草極為豐富(fu)。農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)及(ji)(ji)農副產(chan)品(pin)(pin)、蔬菜、野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)牧草等為黔(qian)(qian)北(bei)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)形(xing)成(cheng)和(he)發(fa)展奠定了(le)堅(jian)實的(de)物質(zhi)基礎(chu)。黔(qian)(qian)北(bei)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)是貴州(zhou)省(sheng)經(jing)濟、文化相對發(fa)達的(de)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，俗稱貴州(zhou)省(sheng)的(de)糧倉(cang)和(he)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)倉(cang)，長期為貴陽市和(he)遵義市場提供了(le)大(da)量的(de)鮮豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)及(ji)(ji)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)加工制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)，養育著該(gai)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)人(ren)民，促(cu)進了(le)黔(qian)(qian)北(bei)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)選育和(he)種群的(de)擴大(da)。

2、氣候情況 境(jing)(jing)內氣候溫(wen)(wen)和，熱(re)(re)量(liang)資源較(jiao)豐(feng)富(fu)，雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)充(chong)(chong)沛，四季(ji)(ji)分明，冬無嚴寒(han)，夏(xia)無酷暑(shu)，年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)15～17℃，年(nian)(nian)降雨(yu)量(liang)900～1400毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)，相對濕度(du)80%左(zuo)右。最(zui)多年(nian)(nian)份1313毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)，最(zui)少年(nian)(nian)份852.2毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)。無霜(shuang)期260～300天(tian)左(zuo)右。年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)15.6℃，最(zui)冷月(yue)(yue)(yue)（元月(yue)(yue)(yue)）平均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)5℃，極(ji)端(duan)最(zui)低溫(wen)(wen)度(du)零下5.5℃，最(zui)熱(re)(re)月(yue)(yue)(yue)（七月(yue)(yue)(yue)）平均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)15.6℃，極(ji)端(duan)最(zui)高溫(wen)(wen)度(du)37.4℃，年(nian)(nian)日照數1266.7小時。低山(shan)河谷地區(qu)的雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)熱(re)(re)量(liang)條件更為(wei)充(chong)(chong)裕，如赤水(shui)(shui)河下段平均(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)在18℃左(zuo)右，夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)炎(yan)熱(re)(re)，時間較(jiao)長，冬季(ji)(ji)溫(wen)(wen)和，少見霜(shuang)雪。東(dong)與(yu)湖南接壤，北(bei)與(yu)四川(chuan)毗連，境(jing)(jing)內以大婁(lou)山(shan)脈為(wei)主體(ti)，是貴州(zhou)高原向(xiang)四川(chuan)盆(pen)地傾斜和向(xiang)西湘丘陵過(guo)渡的地帶，赤水(shui)(shui)河，芙(fu)蓉江(jiang)、烏(wu)江(jiang)流(liu)經其(qi)間。產區(qu)春暖(nuan)較(jiao)早，秋(qiu)寒(han)較(jiao)晚，夏(xia)溫(wen)(wen)較(jiao)高，土壤肥沃，雨(yu)量(liang)充(chong)(chong)沛，農業(ye)較(jiao)發達，是貴州(zhou)省的主要糧食產區(qu)。農作物一年(nian)(nian)兩熟，以水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)、小麥、玉米(mi)(mi)、油菜為(wei)王，并盛產蕃(fan)薯(shu)、馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)、豆類、花(hua)生(sheng)以及烤煙、茶葉等經濟(ji)作物。由(you)于山(shan)場廣闊，野生(sheng)飼料和農副產品豐(feng)富(fu)，為(wei)養豬提供了物質條件。

三.地域范圍

黔北(bei)黑豬(zhu)主要(yao)產區位于貴州省北(bei)部遵義(yi)市的桐梓(zi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、遵義(yi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鳳岡縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、綏(sui)陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、道真(zhen)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、務川(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、余(yu)慶(qing)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、湄(mei)潭(tan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、正安(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、赤(chi)(chi)水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、習(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、仁懷(huai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)12個(ge)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。黔北(bei)黑豬(zhu)的地域保(bao)護范(fan)圍為：桐梓(zi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、遵義(yi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鳳岡縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、綏(sui)陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、道真(zhen)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、務川(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、余(yu)慶(qing)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、湄(mei)潭(tan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、正安(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、赤(chi)(chi)水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、習(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、仁懷(huai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)12個(ge)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。地理坐標：東經105°36′—108°13′，北(bei)緯27°08′—29°12。

四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征(zheng)

1、產品典型特(te)征(zheng)特(te)性描(miao)述 黔北黑豬全身被毛黑色。頭大小(xiao)適(shi)(shi)中，耳大下垂，嘴長而直，額部(bu)皺紋多呈菱(ling)形。頸長短適(shi)(shi)中，背腰微凹，較(jiao)(jiao)長而稍(shao)窄，后(hou)軀較(jiao)(jiao)豐滿，斜尻，尾長超過飛節，胸稍(shao)窄而較(jiao)(jiao)深，腹大下垂，但(dan)不著地。四(si)肢健壯，后(hou)肢多臥系。

2、內在品(pin)質(zhi) 成年母(mu)豬(zhu)體重(zhong)161.88+28公斤，體長(chang)136.38+15厘(li)米(mi)，成年公豬(zhu)體重(zhong)150.83+10公斤，體長(chang)148.38+7厘(li)米(mi)。 胴體品(pin)質(zhi)：黔北黑豬(zhu)屠宰率高，胴體品(pin)質(zhi)較好(hao)。屠宰率平(ping)均(jun)70.34％，膘厚平(ping)均(jun)3.54厘(li)米(mi)，瘦肉率平(ping)均(jun)41.90％。 蛋白質(zhi)（g/100g)10.2-11.5，谷氨酸(suan)（g/100g)2.9-3.4，精氨酸(suan)（g/100g)2.0-2.8，亮(liang)氨酸(suan)（g/100g)1.4-2.0，丙氨酸(suan)（g/100g)1.0-1.8，蘇氨酸(suan)（g/100g)1.5-2.1。

3、黔北黑豬養殖嚴格按昭NY5029-2008無公害食(shi)品豬肉的規(gui)定養殖。

五.特(te)定生(sheng)產方式

1、產(chan)地(di)選(xuan)擇(ze) 首先應選(xuan)擇(ze)牧草(cao)(cao)(cao)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)豐富的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方或(huo)者是利(li)于(yu)(yu)種植優(you)質牧草(cao)(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)(de)草(cao)(cao)(cao)山草(cao)(cao)(cao)坡，背風向(xiang)(xiang)陽(yang)(yang)，地(di)勢(shi)干(gan)燥(zao)，冬暖夏(xia)涼的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境是黔北黑(hei)豬最適合的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)存環(huan)境，所以豬舍圈舍應選(xuan)擇(ze)地(di)勢(shi)較高，排水良(liang)好，通風順暢，向(xiang)(xiang)陽(yang)(yang)避風，位于(yu)(yu)居民區下(xia)風向(xiang)(xiang)。土(tu)質應選(xuan)擇(ze)透水性好的(de)(de)(de)沙質土(tu)壤。水源(yuan)(yuan)四季(ji)供水充足，無污染(ran)。電力通訊交通便(bian)利(li)，但考(kao)慮到防疫的(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)，圈舍與主要(yao)交通干(gan)線的(de)(de)(de)距離應不少于(yu)(yu)1000米。

2、品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu) 在黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)北(bei)(bei)地區(qu)的鳳崗縣(xian)、道真縣(xian)、遵義縣(xian)是黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)北(bei)(bei)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)保護區(qu)和中心產(chan)(chan)區(qu)，廣(guang)泛(fan)開展本(ben)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)、提純(chun)復壯(zhuang)的工作(zuo)。 品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)：采取“集中選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)，按群建系，統(tong)一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)母(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)供應，分場（戶(hu)）生產(chan)(chan)經營”的方法。選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)系純(chun)正、整齊度高而健(jian)壯(zhuang)、免疫可靠的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)母(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)進行(xing)推廣(guang)生產(chan)(chan)。 充分利用黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)北(bei)(bei)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)資源優勢，建立純(chun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁(fan)育(yu)基地，廣(guang)泛(fan)開展選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)配(pei)工作(zuo)，指(zhi)導養殖戶(hu)實(shi)行(xing)黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)北(bei)(bei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)異地交換、區(qu)域調整，嚴格選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)配(pei)制度，對不(bu)留作(zuo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)用的黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)北(bei)(bei)黑種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)一律要求育(yu)肥作(zuo)商品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)出(chu)(chu)售，避免近親繁(fan)殖產(chan)(chan)生不(bu)良性(xing)(xing)狀，以(yi)此鞏固提高黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)北(bei)(bei)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)優良特性(xing)(xing)和生產(chan)(chan)性(xing)(xing)能，培(pei)育(yu)出(chu)(chu)符合本(ben)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)標(biao)準的等級黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)北(bei)(bei)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。 通過良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)登記，增(zeng)加基因多(duo)樣性(xing)(xing)，增(zeng)強選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇強度，實(shi)行(xing)科(ke)學選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)配(pei)，提高黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)北(bei)(bei)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)整體(ti)水平(ping)。 黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)北(bei)(bei)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)生產(chan)(chan)流程：選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)定純(chun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)北(bei)(bei)黑母(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)→用黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)北(bei)(bei)黑公豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)配(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)→懷(huai)孕→產(chan)(chan)出(chu)(chu)仔豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)→乳(ru)期斷(duan)奶育(yu)成（10-12個(ge)月(yue)育(yu)肥飼養）→100公斤以(yi)上出(chu)(chu)欄。

3、生產過(guo)程管(guan)理 本(ben)技術規定了黔(qian)北(bei)黑豬飼養(yang)過(guo)程的(de)要求。

（1）人員(yuan)管理：種場(chang)的飼養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)員(yuan)應定期進行健康檢查(cha)，傳染病患者不得從(cong)事養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖工(gong)作；場(chang)內獸醫人員(yuan)不準(zhun)對外診療。一(yi)般養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖場(chang)（戶(hu)）的養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖從(cong)業人員(yuan)也應保持(chi)健康。

（2）飼養管理：

①仔(zi)(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)飼養(yang)(yang)管理(li) 仔(zi)(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)出生后一(yi)定要(yao)喂初乳(ru)(ru)，固(gu)定乳(ru)(ru)頭，按照大的(de)放在(zai)中間，小的(de)放在(zai)兩邊(bian)，固(gu)定2次后，仔(zi)(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)就不(bu)會亂爭搶乳(ru)(ru)頭了，這樣仔(zi)(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)長(chang)勢(shi)均(jun)勻(yun)。每頭母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)哺乳(ru)(ru)仔(zi)(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)數量一(yi)般不(bu)要(yao)超過12頭，若產仔(zi)(zi)數量較(jiao)多時(shi)，應(ying)采取寄(ji)(ji)養(yang)(yang)的(de)辦法，寄(ji)(ji)養(yang)(yang)時(shi)給寄(ji)(ji)養(yang)(yang)仔(zi)(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)身上抹來蘇水或母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)尿，干(gan)擾寄(ji)(ji)養(yang)(yang)母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)嗅覺，不(bu)讓(rang)母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)吃仔(zi)(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，保證寄(ji)(ji)養(yang)(yang)成功。 仔(zi)(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)出生第7天開始誘食，把(ba)仔(zi)(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)料撒在(zai)仔(zi)(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)補料間內，避免母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)舔食。仔(zi)(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)盡早吃開食，這樣有助于提(ti)高(gao)斷(duan)奶窩重(zhong)，縮短哺乳(ru)(ru)天數，使母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)盡快(kuai)恢復體力，提(ti)早發情。黔北黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)仔(zi)(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)斷(duan)奶一(yi)般比雜交仔(zi)(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)日齡長(chang)，一(yi)般需要(yao) 35—40天，體重(zhong)平均(jun)達15斤(jin)以上才能斷(duan)奶，否則成活率低。

②育(yu)成(cheng)豬(zhu)的(de)飼(si)(si)養(yang)管理 黔北黑豬(zhu)育(yu)肥時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間為(wei)10-14個月(yue)。飼(si)(si)養(yang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)營養(yang)要(yao)全面，主要(yao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)玉(yu)米、紅薯、紅薯藤、南瓜、蘿卜、白菜(cai)、牛皮菜(cai)等農作物(wu)或野生草本植物(wu)為(wei)飼(si)(si)料原料。育(yu)肥時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，在80斤以(yi)(yi)(yi)下時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，精(jing)(jing)料比(bi)例(li)(li)占60%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)，青飼(si)(si)料比(bi)例(li)(li)占40%最佳，因為(wei)此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)豬(zhu)的(de)體格小(xiao)，消化薄弱(ruo)，抗病力低(di)。80斤以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)逐(zhu)漸加大(da)青飼(si)(si)料的(de)比(bi)例(li)(li)，縮小(xiao)精(jing)(jing)料比(bi)例(li)(li)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)節約飼(si)(si)料，用(yong)地方說法是“吊架子”。180斤以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)又要(yao)加大(da)精(jing)(jing)料比(bi)例(li)(li)，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)催肥，使豬(zhu)出欄時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)屠宰(zai)率高，瘦(shou)肉率在40%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)。

③種母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)的飼養管(guan)理(li) 母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)體軀要勻稱，乳頭6對以(yi)上(shang)，對稱整齊。過肥豬(zhu)不發情，過瘦則(ze)受胎率低，產仔(zi)數少(shao)，仔(zi)豬(zhu)成活率低。母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)要飼喂到(dao)150—200斤才(cai)能方可配(pei)種。母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)每隔21天(tian)發情一次，配(pei)種后，做好記(ji)錄，懷孕111—114天(tian)（三個(ge)月三個(ge)星期(qi)零三天(tian)）開始產仔(zi)，此(ci)時(shi)，要做好接生(sheng)的準備。母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)產仔(zi)時(shi)要做好防寒保暖、防暑降溫(wen)工作，冬天(tian)保持圈舍干燥，農村散養戶可給圈舍鋪層稻草(cao)。

④種(zhong)公(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)的飼養管理 種(zhong)公(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)要壯實，12個(ge)月即(ji)可用于(yu)配(pei)種(zhong)。1—2歲的種(zhong)公(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)每(mei)星期采精2—5次(ci)，2歲以上可隔一(yi)天采一(yi)次(ci)。采精應在早(zao)、晚(wan)涼爽(shuang)時進(jin)行。采精后種(zhong)公(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)要加強(qiang)營養，每(mei)次(ci)采精后生喂雞蛋1—2個(ge)。為了加強(qiang)公(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)的體(ti)力，應做適量運(yun)動，每(mei)天趕著公(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)運(yun)動2小時以上。

（3）常(chang)規(gui)管理 根據黔(qian)(qian)北(bei)黑豬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長階段(duan)，按(an)時、按(an)量(liang)、按(an)標準飼喂(wei)，每天打掃圈舍2次(ci)，每周對圈舍帶(dai)豬消毒(du)2-3次(ci)。制定(ding)免疫程序，按(an)期(qi)接種疫苗，確保豬群健(jian)康。 獸(shou)藥(yao)(yao)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)及休(xiu)(xiu)藥(yao)(yao)期(qi)：保持(chi)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飼養管理，盡量(liang)減少疾病的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發生(sheng)，減少藥(yao)(yao)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)，嚴(yan)格(ge)執行(xing)休(xiu)(xiu)藥(yao)(yao)期(qi)規(gui)定(ding)。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)飲水或拌(ban)料(liao)方式(shi)添(tian)加(jia)獸(shou)藥(yao)(yao)符合NY5030-2006要求。所購藥(yao)(yao)品(pin)(pin)來自(zi)有《獸(shou)藥(yao)(yao)生(sheng)產許可(ke)證》和產品(pin)(pin)批(pi)準文號的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產企業，購買手續齊備存(cun)檔備查。為做到合理用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)、正確用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)，嚴(yan)格(ge)控制和剔(ti)除(chu)高(gao)殘留(liu)獸(shou)藥(yao)(yao)，杜絕違禁藥(yao)(yao)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，對限(xian)量(liang)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)品(pin)(pin)嚴(yan)禁超量(liang)和濫用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，未作規(gui)定(ding)限(xian)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獸(shou)藥(yao)(yao)也不(bu)得(de)濫用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。獸(shou)藥(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)必(bi)須(xu)嚴(yan)格(ge)執行(xing)休(xiu)(xiu)藥(yao)(yao)期(qi)制度，每年定(ding)期(qi)、不(bu)定(ding)期(qi)地對黔(qian)(qian)北(bei)育成(cheng)黑豬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘留(liu)藥(yao)(yao)情況(kuang)進行(xing)必(bi)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢測，治療過(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黔(qian)(qian)北(bei)育成(cheng)豬應實行(xing)隔(ge)圈飼養，在休(xiu)(xiu)藥(yao)(yao)期(qi)過(guo)后(hou)方可(ke)出欄。 驅蟲(chong)(chong)：一般每年春(chun)秋兩次(ci)藥(yao)(yao)物驅蟲(chong)(chong)。丙(bing)硫咪唑、阿(a)維菌素都具有高(gao)效、低毒(du)、廣(guang)譜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優點，對常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)胃腸(chang)道線蟲(chong)(chong)、肺線蟲(chong)(chong)、片型吸蟲(chong)(chong)均有效。可(ke)同時驅除(chu)混合感染的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多種寄(ji)生(sheng)蟲(chong)(chong)。

（4）飼(si)養管(guan)(guan)理(li)質(zhi)量(liang)控制(zhi) 嚴格按《無(wu)公害食品肉豬飼(si)養管(guan)(guan)理(li)準則(ze)》控制(zhi)和操作全(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)過(guo)程，縣局(ju)產(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang)安全(quan)領導小組每年(nian)至少對產(chan)地(di)內的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)進(jin)行(xing)二(er)次全(quan)面檢查，鎮鄉(xiang)畜牧站(zhan)和農(nong)村獸醫人員對產(chan)地(di)內黔北黑豬的無(wu)公害生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)進(jin)行(xing)常年(nian)巡查管(guan)(guan)理(li)，保證各飼(si)養場和農(nong)戶按標(biao)準化組織和進(jin)行(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)。

（5）投入品管(guan)理

①飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)：飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)與飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)原料(liao)(liao)應(ying)符合NY5150的(de)(de)(de)規定。不(bu)(bu)能(neng)在(zai)黔北(bei)(bei)黑豬體內埋植(zhi)或者在(zai)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)中添(tian)加鎮(zhen)靜劑、激素(su)類(lei)等(deng)違禁藥品。黔北(bei)(bei)育肥黑豬使用含有(you)抗生素(su)的(de)(de)(de)添(tian)加劑時(shi)，應(ying)按照(zhao)《飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)和飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)添(tian)加劑管(guan)理條(tiao)例(li)》執行休藥期(qi)。不(bu)(bu)同性別、年(nian)齡、體重和不(bu)(bu)同生理狀(zhuang)況的(de)(de)(de)黔北(bei)(bei)黑豬選用不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)方式和飼(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)標(biao)準。飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)種類(lei)要(yao)多樣化，適(shi)口性要(yao)好。飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)營養(yang)(yang)價(jia)值(zhi)要(yao)保持相對(dui)穩定，不(bu)(bu)能(neng)喂發霉(mei)變質的(de)(de)(de)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)。日糧以(yi)優質青(qing)粗飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)為(wei)主，適(shi)當(dang)搭配精料(liao)(liao)。選用飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)可根據當(dang)地(di)條(tiao)件就地(di)取(qu)材，同時(shi)，也(ye)要(yao)考(kao)慮飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)格，以(yi)降低飼(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)成(cheng)本。

②飲水：經(jing)常保(bao)持有充足的飲水，水質符(fu)合NY5092-2001的要(yao)求；定(ding)期清洗消毒飲水設備，避免細菌滋生。放牧時應特別注意水源問題(ti)。

（6）出欄(lan)后(hou)的(de)(de)處理(li)規定(ding) 黔北黔豬(zhu)育肥豬(zhu)出售前應(ying)在(zai)各鄉鎮檢疫員實施產地檢疫；達到休藥期(qi)、檢疫合格才能上市，不合格的(de)(de)實行(xing)留(liu)滯觀察定(ding)性后(hou)按規定(ding)處理(li)；有明顯病狀的(de)(de)豬(zhu)及時(shi)隔離(li)或撲殺焚燒、深埋等無害化處理(li)。以保證產地育肥豬(zhu)獸(shou)藥殘(can)留(liu)低于規定(ding)的(de)(de)動(dong)物性食品中獸(shou)藥最高殘(can)留(liu)限量。

（7）生(sheng)產記(ji)錄(lu)要(yao)求：根據農業(ye)部“畜禽標識和(he)養殖(zhi)(zhi)檔(dang)案管(guan)理辦法(fa)”規定，種場(chang)及一般養殖(zhi)(zhi)場(chang)（戶）都應當建立養殖(zhi)(zhi)檔(dang)案，載明以下內容：品種、數量、繁(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)記(ji)錄(lu)、標識情況、來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)和(he)進出場(chang)日期(qi)；飼(si)料投入品和(he)獸藥(yao)的來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)、名稱、使用對象、時間(jian)和(he)用量等有關(guan)情況；檢疫(yi)、免疫(yi)、監(jian)測、消毒情況；豬的發病、診(zhen)療、死亡(wang)和(he)無害化處理情況。資(zi)料應盡可(ke)能長期(qi)保(bao)存，最少(shao)保(bao)留(liu)2年(nian)。

六(liu).包裝(zhuang)標識相關規定

本(ben)規定(ding)地域范圍內的(de)(de)黔北(bei)黑(hei)豬生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經(jing)營者，在(zai)產(chan)(chan)品或包裝上使用(yong)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品地理標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)，須向遵義市黔北(bei)黑(hei)豬養(yang)殖專業合(he)(he)作社利現代農(nong)業專業合(he)(he)作社提出申請，按照(zhao)相關要求規范生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和(he)使用(yong)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)，統一采用(yong)黔北(bei)黑(hei)豬產(chan)(chan)品名(ming)稱和(he)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品地理標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)公共標(biao)識相結(jie)合(he)(he)的(de)(de)標(biao)識標(biao)注方(fang)法。