一.產品介紹
貴(gui)(gui)定(ding)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)霧貢茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)產(chan)于貴(gui)(gui)定(ding)縣(xian)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)霧鎮云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)霧山(shan)(shan),云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)霧山(shan)(shan)在(zai)貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)省(sheng)貴(gui)(gui)定(ding)縣(xian)南,為苗(miao)嶺山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)主峰,海拔1583.6m,是烏、沅、盤三江(jiang)分水嶺,山(shan)(shan)多(duo)危峰峭壁、云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)霧彌(mi)漫,故名(ming)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)霧山(shan)(shan)。《康(kang)熙貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)通(tong)志》記載(zai):“黔(qian)(qian)省(sheng)各屬皆(jie)產(chan)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha),貴(gui)(gui)定(ding)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)霧山(shan)(shan)最有(you)(you)(you)(you)名(ming)。”“隋(sui)置賓(bin)化(hua)縣(xian)于大平(ping)伐司……唐貞觀間(jian)移(yi)故賓(bin)化(hua)縣(xian)”“長(chang)官(guan)司土官(guan)來朝(chao)(chao),貢馬(ma)(ma)及(ji)方物(wu)”。在(zai)史(shi)(shi)書記載(zai)中(zhong)(zhong),貴(gui)(gui)定(ding)歷史(shi)(shi)上(shang)向(xiang)歷代(dai)皇帝進獻貢馬(ma)(ma)貢茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)(de)“貢方物(wu)”的(de)(de)(de)記載(zai)很多(duo)。到(dao)明(ming)(ming)朝(chao)(chao)就更多(duo)而詳細:《明(ming)(ming)實錄(lu)太祖(zu)洪(hong)武實錄(lu)》146、230卷中(zhong)(zhong)記載(zai):“洪(hong)武十五年(nian)(nian)六月辛卯(1382年(nian)(nian))新添、大平(ping)伐、小(xiao)平(ping)伐土酋俱(ju)來朝(chao)(chao)……詔賜文(wen)綺帛各五匹,鈔二十錠。”“土官(guan)盧(lu)朝(chao)(chao)奉來朝(chao)(chao),貢馬(ma)(ma)及(ji)方物(wu)。”僅(jin)在(zai)《明(ming)(ming)實錄(lu)》所記載(zai)其(qi)276年(nian)(nian)歷史(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong),貴(gui)(gui)定(ding)歷史(shi)(shi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)“貢馬(ma)(ma)及(ji)方物(wu)”就有(you)(you)(you)(you)27處(chu)記載(zai)。《乾(qian)(qian)隆(long)貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)通(tong)志》、《續遵義府志》又(you)記載(zai):“云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)霧茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)為貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)茗品之(zhi)(zhi)冠,歲以(yi)充貢”即每年(nian)(nian)都要進貢給(gei)朝(chao)(chao)廷(ting)。而每年(nian)(nian)給(gei)皇家的(de)(de)(de)貢茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)數(shu)量(liang)與(yu)折銀(yin)數(shu)量(liang)都記得清(qing)(qing)楚:“茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)芽(ya)伍(wu)拾叁斤壹拾壹兩陸錢伍(wu)厘。” 清(qing)(qing)乾(qian)(qian)隆(long)五十五年(nian)(nian)(1870年(nian)(nian))以(yi)官(guan)府批文(wen)而刻的(de)(de)(de)《云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)霧貢茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)碑(bei)》,碑(bei)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“貢茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)定(ding)數(shu)舉茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)斛(hu)及(ji)其(qi)余所派(pai)之(zhi)(zhi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha),準行停止,以(yi)免采(cai)辦(ban)(ban)之(zhi)(zhi)累;撥(bo)銀(yin)肆百貳兩,收后(hou)發交(jiao)殷實之(zhi)(zhi)戶生(sheng)(sheng)復。再年(nian)(nian)購辦(ban)(ban)該處(chu)貢茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)。”碑(bei)文(wen)中(zhong)(zhong)兩處(chu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)“貢茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)”二字是歷史(shi)(shi)實物(wu)見證。清(qing)(qing)光緒三十年(nian)(nian)、三十一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(1904—1905年(nian)(nian))貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)巡撫林(lin)紹年(nian)(nian)向(xiang)朝(chao)(chao)廷(ting)貢茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha):“貴(gui)(gui)定(ding)縣(xian)芽(ya)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha),貢皇上(shang)一(yi)匣,貢老(lao)佛(fo)(fo)爺一(yi)匣。”這段文(wen)字抄自中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)第一(yi)檔案館藏《清(qing)(qing)宮秘檔》。 1997年(nian)(nian),有(you)(you)(you)(you)關人(ren)士(shi)將明(ming)(ming)代(dai)高僧,陽寶(bao)山(shan)(shan)白云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)長(chang)老(lao)“采(cai)自云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)霧之(zhi)(zhi)巔”,而培(pei)育的(de)(de)(de)白云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)請國(guo)際(ji)名(ming)人(ren)、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)佛(fo)(fo)教協(xie)會(hui)會(hui)長(chang)趙樸(pu)初品嘗后(hou),趙老(lao)覺得“其(qi)味清(qing)(qing)香味永”而問此茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)來歷,當他得知傳(chuan)說(shuo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)古代(dai)高僧靈藥(yao)禪師得此茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)沏(qi)泡(pao),“揭蓋時熱(re)氣上(shang)升幻化(hua)為佛(fo)(fo)像而拜之(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)故事(shi)后(hou),親筆題寫(xie)“佛(fo)(fo)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)”兩大字。 同(tong)屬苗(miao)嶺山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)的(de)(de)(de)斗蓬山(shan)(shan),是黔(qian)(qian)南原生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境保(bao)護區,在(zai)山(shan)(shan)腰海拔1400-1600米的(de)(de)(de)貴(gui)(gui)定(ding)境內(nei)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)山(shan)(shan)寨、丫口寨附近,至今仍保(bao)留(liu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)許多(duo)古茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu),直徑(jing)最大的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)48cm,最小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)19.5cm。有(you)(you)(you)(you)上(shang)千年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)、也有(you)(you)(you)(you)600多(duo)年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)古茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu),曾經采(cai)摘到(dao)貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)省(sheng)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)科(ke)所化(hua)驗,實屬野生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)古茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu)。除此之(zhi)(zhi)外,貴(gui)(gui)定(ding)縣(xian)境內(nei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)8座大山(shan)(shan)名(ming)叫茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)山(shan)(shan),仍有(you)(you)(you)(you)400多(duo)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)工栽培(pei)的(de)(de)(de)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu)遺存,這一(yi)實物(wu)佐證了貴(gui)(gui)定(ding)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)歷史(shi)(shi)。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
(1)土壤地(di)(di)貌(mao):貴定縣(xian)(xian)分(fen)布最廣(guang)的(de)是巖(yan)溶地(di)(di)貌(mao),由于溶蝕作(zuo)用,全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)六個(ge)(ge)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、小型地(di)(di)貌(mao)類型:一(yi)(yi)是西(xi)(xi)北部、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部淺切(qie)(qie)割(ge)峰(feng)叢低山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵(ling)(ling)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。本(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)約315平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),占(zhan)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)19.29%。海拔以(yi)1000—1200米為(wei)(wei)主,1000米以(yi)下(xia)河谷(gu)(gu)有(you)(you)25平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),1400米以(yi)上山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)有(you)(you)13平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),合計占(zhan)本(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)12.06%。二是東(dong)北部淺切(qie)(qie)割(ge)緩(huan)丘高原區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。本(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)約 200平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),占(zhan)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)12.06%,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),海拔在(zai)1400米以(yi)上地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)布于東(dong)部,寬(kuan)而連片,達(da)60平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)以(yi)上,成為(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)地(di)(di)貌(mao)主體(ti)。三是東(dong)部夾層(ceng)巖(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)切(qie)(qie)割(ge)低中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。本(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji) 250平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),占(zhan)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)15.31%。海拔 1400米以(yi)上地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)有(you)(you)60平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)左右,1700米以(yi)上的(de)高中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)本(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)多處分(fen)布,成為(wei)(wei)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)最高峻的(de)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。四是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部、西(xi)(xi)南(nan)部河谷(gu)(gu)沖積(ji)(ji)槽(cao)谷(gu)(gu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。本(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)達(da)430平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),占(zhan)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)26.33%,海拔以(yi)1000—1200米為(wei)(wei)主。五是西(xi)(xi)部峰(feng)叢淺切(qie)(qie)割(ge)低中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。本(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)約88平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),占(zhan)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)5.39%,為(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben)縣(xian)(xian)最小的(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)貌(mao)類型區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),海拔以(yi)1200—1400米為(wei)(wei)主。六是南(nan)部砂頁(ye)巖(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)切(qie)(qie)割(ge)低山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵(ling)(ling)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。本(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)約為(wei)(wei)350平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),占(zhan)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)21.43%,海拔以(yi)1000—1200米為(wei)(wei)主,1000米以(yi)下(xia)深切(qie)(qie)河谷(gu)(gu)為(wei)(wei) 58平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。土壤類型主要為(wei)(wei)黃壤、水稻(dao)土,成土母質(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)黃灰色頁(ye)巖(yan),砂礫質(zhi)(zhi)壤土,土層(ceng)深厚,一(yi)(yi)般達(da)80cm,PH4.5—6.0,土壤有(you)(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)、氮、磷、鉀(jia)含量(liang)比較豐富。有(you)(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)達(da)5.63%—18.87%,含氮0.3306%—0.8703%,速效磷1.75—4.5mg/千(qian)克,速效鉀(jia)121.50—180.00mg/千(qian)克。總(zong)體(ti)上土壤深厚、疏松肥沃(wo),保肥能(neng)力較強(qiang)。
(2)水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang):本縣(xian)(xian)河(he)流屬(shu)兩大流域三個水(shui)(shui)(shui)系,以縣(xian)(xian)內(nei)的(de)(de)云(yun)霧山為(wei)(wei)(wei)分水(shui)(shui)(shui)嶺,以北為(wei)(wei)(wei)長江(jiang)流域,以南(nan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)珠江(jiang)流域。屬(shu)于(yu)長江(jiang)流域的(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1229.8平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),其(qi)中屬(shu)于(yu)烏江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系的(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1179平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),屬(shu)于(yu)沅(yuan)江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系的(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei) 50.8平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),分別占全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)總面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)72.28%和3.12%;屬(shu)于(yu)珠江(jiang)流域紅水(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系的(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)401.2平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),占全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)總面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)24.6%。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)有(you)中、小河(he)流144條,總長728.4公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)。河(he)網密度(du)平(ping)均每平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)0.446公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)。縣(xian)(xian)內(nei)河(he)流長度(du)10公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)以上、集雨面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)20平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)以上的(de)(de)有(you)24條,總長為(wei)(wei)(wei)419.1公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),占河(he)流總長的(de)(de)57.54%。地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui):縣(xian)(xian)境內(nei)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)較豐富,估(gu)算全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)年產(chan)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)共0.89億(yi)立方(fang)(fang)米。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)年總水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)達19.15億(yi)立方(fang)(fang)米。縣(xian)(xian)境內(nei)無污染(ran)型工(gong)業(ye)企業(ye),小型企業(ye)污染(ran)物做到了達標排(pai)放,因(yin)而水(shui)(shui)(shui)體質量(liang)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)穩定(ding)。 水(shui)(shui)(shui)是貴定(ding)的(de)(de)精靈(ling)、是貴定(ding)的(de)(de)氣質,是在完(wan)好(hao)的(de)(de)植被(bei)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)經過(guo)無數植物和地(di)(di)墁浸(jin)透和過(guo)濾出來的(de)(de)天然礦泉水(shui)(shui)(shui),非常適合人、畜引用。水(shui)(shui)(shui)質清澈、純凈。是理想的(de)(de)工(gong)農業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)和生(sheng)活用水(shui)(shui)(shui),
(3)氣(qi)候情況:氣(qi)候溫和、雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)充沛,是典型的(de)亞熱帶氣(qi)候,年均溫度15℃。光能資源:年日照數在677.4一(yi)1067.6小時,日照率為15—24%。降(jiang)水量(liang)(liang):年降(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)多在1100—1200毫米之間。季(ji)節的(de)分布是,春季(ji)占30.8%,夏季(ji)占42.4%,秋季(ji)占21.22%,冬(dong)季(ji)占5.6%。年均相(xiang)對濕(shi)度80%,無霜期(qi)300—340天,基本(ben)無霜凍危害。生(sheng)物資源種(zhong)類(lei)較多,獨(du)特(te)的(de)寡日照和多霧氣(qi)候資源非常適(shi)合于貴定(ding)云霧貢(gong)茶的(de)種(zhong)植。
(4)人文(wen)(wen)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)情況(kuang):貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)云(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)貢(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)產(chan)于(yu)(yu)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)縣(xian)云(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)鎮(zhen)云(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan)(見(jian)附件(jian)(jian)(jian)3),云(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan)在(zai)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)省(sheng)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)縣(xian)南,為苗(miao)嶺山(shan)脈主峰,海(hai)拔1583.6m,是烏(wu)、沅(yuan)、盤三江分水嶺,山(shan)多(duo)(duo)危(wei)峰峭壁、云(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)彌漫,故(gu)名(ming)云(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan)。山(shan)中有(you)(you)(you)一村名(ming)為鳥王(wang)村,鳥王(wang)村由十(shi)八個山(shan)寨聚(ju)居的(de)(de)苗(miao)族(zu)(海(hai)葩苗(miao))組成,他們世世代代生(sheng)息在(zai)云(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)中,并茶(cha)(cha)(cha)創(chuang)制出云(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(見(jian)附件(jian)(jian)(jian)3)。 《康(kang)熙貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)通志》記(ji)(ji)載:“黔省(sheng)各(ge)(ge)屬(shu)(shu)皆產(chan)茶(cha)(cha)(cha),貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)云(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan)最(zui)(zui)有(you)(you)(you)名(ming)。”“隋(sui)置賓化(hua)(hua)縣(xian)于(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)平伐(fa)(fa)(fa)司……唐貞觀間移故(gu)賓化(hua)(hua)縣(xian)”“長官(guan)司土(tu)官(guan)來朝(chao)(chao),貢(gong)(gong)馬及(ji)(ji)方(fang)物(wu)”。指隋(sui)朝(chao)(chao)開皇(huang)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元581年(nian)(nian)(nian))貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)上最(zui)(zui)早建賓化(hua)(hua)縣(xian)(賓化(hua)(hua)訛為平伐(fa)(fa)(fa)有(you)(you)(you)注釋)土(tu)官(guan)向(xiang)皇(huang)帝“貢(gong)(gong)方(fang)物(wu)”指地方(fang)特產(chan)物(wu)品(pin)即云(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)。 在(zai)史(shi)(shi)書(shu)記(ji)(ji)載中,貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)上向(xiang)歷(li)(li)代皇(huang)帝進獻貢(gong)(gong)馬貢(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)“貢(gong)(gong)方(fang)物(wu)”的(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)載很多(duo)(duo)。到明(ming)朝(chao)(chao)就(jiu)更多(duo)(duo)而(er)詳細:《明(ming)實(shi)(shi)錄太祖洪武實(shi)(shi)錄》146、230卷中記(ji)(ji)載:“洪武十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)六月辛卯(1382年(nian)(nian)(nian))新添、大(da)(da)平伐(fa)(fa)(fa)、小(xiao)平伐(fa)(fa)(fa)土(tu)酋俱來朝(chao)(chao)……詔賜(si)文(wen)(wen)綺帛各(ge)(ge)五匹,鈔二十(shi)錠。”“土(tu)官(guan)盧(lu)朝(chao)(chao)奉(feng)來朝(chao)(chao),貢(gong)(gong)馬及(ji)(ji)方(fang)物(wu)。”僅在(zai)《明(ming)實(shi)(shi)錄》所記(ji)(ji)載其276年(nian)(nian)(nian)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)中,貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)上的(de)(de)“貢(gong)(gong)馬及(ji)(ji)方(fang)物(wu)”就(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)27處(chu)(chu)記(ji)(ji)載。《乾隆貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)通志》、《續遵義府志》又記(ji)(ji)載:“云(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)為貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)茗(ming)品(pin)之(zhi)(zhi)冠,歲以(yi)充(chong)貢(gong)(gong)”即每年(nian)(nian)(nian)都(dou)要進貢(gong)(gong)給(gei)朝(chao)(chao)廷(ting)。而(er)每年(nian)(nian)(nian)給(gei)皇(huang)家(jia)的(de)(de)貢(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)數(shu)量與(yu)折(zhe)銀數(shu)量都(dou)記(ji)(ji)得(de)清(qing)楚:“茶(cha)(cha)(cha)芽伍拾叁斤壹(yi)拾壹(yi)兩(liang)陸錢伍厘。” 清(qing)乾隆五十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1870年(nian)(nian)(nian))以(yi)官(guan)府批文(wen)(wen)而(er)刻(ke)的(de)(de)《云(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)貢(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)碑(bei)》,碑(bei)云(yun)(yun):“貢(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)定(ding)數(shu)舉茶(cha)(cha)(cha)斛及(ji)(ji)其余所派之(zhi)(zhi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha),準行停止,以(yi)免采辦(ban)之(zhi)(zhi)累(lei);撥銀肆(si)百貳兩(liang),收后發交殷實(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)戶生(sheng)復。再年(nian)(nian)(nian)購辦(ban)該處(chu)(chu)貢(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)。”碑(bei)文(wen)(wen)中兩(liang)處(chu)(chu)有(you)(you)(you)“貢(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)”二字是歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi)物(wu)見(jian)證(zheng)(見(jian)附件(jian)(jian)(jian)4)。清(qing)光緒三十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)、三十(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1904—1905年(nian)(nian)(nian))貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)巡撫(fu)林(lin)紹年(nian)(nian)(nian)向(xiang)朝(chao)(chao)廷(ting)貢(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha):“貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)縣(xian)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)芽,貢(gong)(gong)皇(huang)上一匣(xia),貢(gong)(gong)老佛(fo)爺一匣(xia)。”這(zhe)段(duan)文(wen)(wen)字抄(chao)自(zi)中國第一檔(dang)案館藏《清(qing)宮(gong)秘檔(dang)》(見(jian)附件(jian)(jian)(jian)5)。 1997年(nian)(nian)(nian),有(you)(you)(you)關(guan)人士將明(ming)代高僧,陽寶山(shan)白(bai)云(yun)(yun)長老“采自(zi)云(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)巔”,而(er)培育的(de)(de)白(bai)云(yun)(yun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)請國際名(ming)人、中國佛(fo)教協(xie)會會長趙樸初品(pin)嘗后,趙老覺得(de)“其味清(qing)香味永”而(er)問此(ci)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)來歷(li)(li),當他得(de)知傳說有(you)(you)(you)古(gu)代高僧靈藥(yao)禪師得(de)此(ci)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)沏泡(pao),“揭蓋時熱氣(qi)上升幻化(hua)(hua)為佛(fo)像(xiang)而(er)拜(bai)之(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)故(gu)事(shi)后,親筆題寫(xie)“佛(fo)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)”兩(liang)大(da)(da)字(見(jian)附件(jian)(jian)(jian)6)。 同屬(shu)(shu)苗(miao)嶺山(shan)脈的(de)(de)斗蓬山(shan),是黔南原生(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)保護區,在(zai)山(shan)腰海(hai)拔1400-1600米的(de)(de)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)境(jing)(jing)內茶(cha)(cha)(cha)山(shan)寨、丫口寨附近(jin),至今仍(reng)保留有(you)(you)(you)許多(duo)(duo)古(gu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(附件(jian)(jian)(jian)7),直徑(jing)最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)48cm,最(zui)(zui)小(xiao)的(de)(de)19.5cm。,有(you)(you)(you)上千(qian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)、也有(you)(you)(you)600多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)長的(de)(de)古(gu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu),曾經采摘到貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)省(sheng)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)科所化(hua)(hua)驗,實(shi)(shi)屬(shu)(shu)野生(sheng)的(de)(de)古(gu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)。除此(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)外(wai),貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)縣(xian)境(jing)(jing)內有(you)(you)(you)8座大(da)(da)山(shan)名(ming)叫茶(cha)(cha)(cha)山(shan),仍(reng)有(you)(you)(you)400多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人工(gong)栽培的(de)(de)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)遺(yi)存,這(zhe)一實(shi)(shi)物(wu)佐(zuo)證(zheng)了貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)葉生(sheng)產(chan)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)。
三.地域范圍
貴(gui)定(ding)云霧(wu)貢茶分布于貴(gui)定(ding)縣所轄行政區(qu)內(nei)的(de)二十個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),貴(gui)定(ding)縣位(wei)于貴(gui)州省(sheng)中部。地理(li)坐標為地處東(dong)經(jing)106°59′-107°22′,北緯26°05′-26°47′,包括:云霧(wu)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、鐵(tie)廠鄉(xiang)(xiang)、抱管鄉(xiang)(xiang)、昌明鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、猴(hou)場(chang)堡鄉(xiang)(xiang)、巖下鄉(xiang)(xiang)、鞏固(gu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、都(dou)六鄉(xiang)(xiang)、定(ding)南鄉(xiang)(xiang)、舊治鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、沿山鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、盤江(jiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、城關(guan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、定(ding)東(dong)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、德新鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、新鋪鄉(xiang)(xiang)、新巴鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、落(luo)北河鄉(xiang)(xiang)、馬場(chang)河鄉(xiang)(xiang),云霧(wu)貢茶生(sheng)產面積共3000公頃(qing),年(nian)總產量1800噸(dun)。
四.產品品質特性特征(zheng)
(1)外(wai)(wai)在感官特征(zheng):芽(ya)葉肥大(da)壯實,葉色翠綠(lv)(lv),茸毛特多,芽(ya)形(xing)(xing)秀麗,內含物(wu)質(zhi)豐富。條(tiao)索(suo)緊卷變曲,白毫充分顯(xian)露,外(wai)(wai)形(xing)(xing)美觀,形(xing)(xing)若魚鉤;茶(cha)湯(tang)濃(nong)釅,湯(tang)色碧(bi)綠(lv)(lv);滋味醇厚,香氣(qi)濃(nong)烈,具有(you)獨特濃(nong)厚的(de)蜂蜜香,飲后回味無窮。
(2)內在(zai)品(pin)質(zhi)指標:貴(gui)(gui)定云(yun)(yun)霧茶(cha)(cha)以(yi)內質(zhi)特征著稱,傳統(tong)云(yun)(yun)霧茶(cha)(cha)據專(zhuan)家測定氨基(ji)酸每(mei)毫克(ke)總量(一(yi)(yi)芽二葉)占(zhan)(zhan)1916.81%,茶(cha)(cha)多酚(fen)占(zhan)(zhan)33.81%,咖啡(fei)堿占(zhan)(zhan)2.89%,兒茶(cha)(cha)素(su)每(mei)毫克(ke)總量占(zhan)(zhan)125.21mg/%,水浸出物占(zhan)(zhan)41.69%。云(yun)(yun)霧茶(cha)(cha)沖泡后有蘭花香味、栗(li)香味、蜂蜜(mi)香味,有“一(yi)(yi)杯香、二杯濃、三杯甘又(you)醇、四杯、五(wu)杯韻猶存的特點。飲用(yong)貴(gui)(gui)定云(yun)(yun)霧茶(cha)(cha),不僅(jin)能生津(jin)止渴、退(tui)熱解暑、醒腦(nao)提神、消炎殺菌,而(er)且(qie)有降脂降壓、防癌抗輻射(she)及(ji)保持美容、抗衰老等多種功效。
(3)貴定云霧(wu)貢(gong)茶種植生產嚴格按無公害農產品(pin)(pin)生產規(gui)范(fan)和標(biao)準生產。產品(pin)(pin)安全質量應符(fu)合(he)DB52/T547—2008《貴定云霧(wu)貢(gong)茶地(di)方標(biao)準》。
五.特定生產方式
重(zhong)點選擇(ze)茶(cha)(cha)園及其(qi)周(zhou)圍(wei)不得(de)有(you)(you)大(da)氣污(wu)染源,特別是上風口不得(de)有(you)(you)污(wu)染源,如(ru)(ru)化工廠(chang),水(shui)泥廠(chang)等。大(da)氣中二氧化硫(liu)、氮(dan)氧化合物(wu)、總懸浮微粒、氟的(de)濃度必須(xu)在標準限值內。 對水(shui)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)須(xu)滿(man)足生產(chan)過程中用水(shui)的(de)需(xu)要(yao),茶(cha)(cha)園灌溉用水(shui)不能(neng)含有(you)(you)污(wu)染物(wu),特別是重(zhong)金屬(shu)(shu)和有(you)(you)毒有(you)(you)害物(wu)質,例如(ru)(ru)汞、鉛、鉻、鎘、酚、苯、氰等。 對土(tu)壤要(yao)求(qiu)茶(cha)(cha)園位于土(tu)壤元素背景值正(zheng)常區域(yu),茶(cha)(cha)園及其(qi)周(zhou)圍(wei)沒有(you)(you)金屬(shu)(shu)或(huo)非(fei)金屬(shu)(shu)礦山,并(bing)未受到人(ren)為污(wu)染,土(tu)壤中無(wu)農(nong)藥殘留,同(tong)時選擇(ze)土(tu)壤有(you)(you)機質含量較高(gao)的(de)地(di)區作為綠色食(shi)品(pin)茶(cha)(cha)葉產(chan)地(di)。 產(chan)地(di)環境(jing)(jing)應符合NY/T391綠色食(shi)品(pin)產(chan)地(di)環境(jing)(jing)技術條件
(2)品種選擇 云(yun)霧地方茶樹(shu)做母本源培(pei)育;(采取“集中育苗(miao),按群建系(xi),統一茶苗(miao)供應,分場(chang)(戶)生(sheng)產(chan)經營”的(de)方法。選擇品系(xi)純正、植株(zhu)健壯(zhuang)的(de)本地云(yun)霧茶苗(miao)進(jin)行推廣(guang)生(sheng)產(chan)。
(3)生產過程管理
3.1茶樹種(zhong)植(zhi) 扦(qian)(qian)插(cha)前(qian)將苗床(廂面)充分(fen)澆透(tou)水(shui),經2—3小時水(shui)分(fen)下滲(shen)后,土壤(rang)呈(cheng)“濕而不粘”的(de)松軟(ruan)狀(zhuang)態(tai),即(ji)可扦(qian)(qian)插(cha)。這樣即(ji)防止因土壤(rang)過干造成扦(qian)(qian)插(cha)過種(zhong)中損(sun)傷插(cha)穗(sui)(sui),又使插(cha)穗(sui)(sui)下端與泥土緊(jin)密接(jie)觸,有利于吸收(shou)水(shui)分(fen)。
3.2插穗葉片朝(chao)向一致,一般(ban)按(an)常年最多的(de)風(feng)向順風(feng)排列,這樣可以避免插穗被風(feng)吹動。
3.3扦插(cha)時(shi),先按(an)行(xing)距要(yao)求(qiu)劃好行(xing)線,然(ran)后沿行(xing)線,按(an)株距將插(cha)穗垂直或稍斜(xie)插(cha)入土(tu)中,深度以葉(xie)柄與廂(xiang)面(mian)平齊為好。邊插(cha)邊用(yong)手稍用(yong)力提不起為宜,使插(cha)穗與土(tu)壤緊密(mi)接觸。
3.4插完一定的(de)面(mian)積(ji)后立(li)即澆水,并用遮陽(yang)物覆蓋(gai)。如果在高溫烈日(ri)下扦插,需要邊插邊澆水、達遮陽(yang),以防(fang)灼傷。
3.5茶園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei) 幼齡(ling)(ling)茶園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)量(liang)(liang)。氮(dan)磷(lin)鉀(jia)肥(fei)年用量(liang)(liang)按3:1:1。一二齡(ling)(ling)樹(shu)(shu)茶園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)純(chun)氮(dan)量(liang)(liang)3—5公(gong)斤(jin)。三四齡(ling)(ling)樹(shu)(shu)茶園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)純(chun)氮(dan)量(liang)(liang)4—6公(gong)斤(jin)。五六齡(ling)(ling)樹(shu)(shu)茶園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)純(chun)氮(dan)量(liang)(liang)6—9公(gong)斤(jin)。成齡(ling)(ling)茶園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei) 施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)量(liang)(liang)以產(chan)定(ding)肥(fei),一般每采摘100公(gong)斤(jin)鮮葉施(shi)(shi)入純(chun)氮(dan)4—5公(gong)斤(jin),過磷(lin)酸鈣或鈣鎂(mei)磷(lin)肥(fei)7—8公(gong)斤(jin),硫酸鉀(jia)2—2.5公(gong)斤(jin)。基肥(fei)每畝(mu)農家肥(fei)1—2噸,茶樹(shu)(shu)專用復合肥(fei)或磷(lin)鉀(jia)肥(fei)50—60公(gong)斤(jin)。
(4)土壤管理
4.1中耕鋤草(cao)(cao)。幼(you)齡(ling)茶(cha)園(yuan),視(shi)其茶(cha)園(yuan)雜草(cao)(cao)生長(chang)情況,宜淺(qian)耕,最好(hao)是采用徒手拔草(cao)(cao)或者鏟(chan)鋤鏟(chan)草(cao)(cao)的(de)方(fang)法(fa),深耕易傷根,影響茶(cha)苗生長(chang)。成齡(ling)茶(cha)園(yuan)視(shi)雜草(cao)(cao)生產(chan)情況,每年進行3次-4次淺(qian)中耕,深度為5厘(li)米-10厘(li)米,在秋茶(cha)封園(yuan)后,及早進行一次深耕,深度為15厘(li)米-20厘(li)米。
4.2間種作物(wu)。幼齡茶園頭(tou)兩(liang)年可(ke)在行間中央間作1行-2行綠肥作物(wu)或其它適宜的矮稈(gan)、短蔓(man)作物(wu),如黃豆(dou)、綠豆(dou)、蠶豆(dou)、花生、白菜等。
4.3茶(cha)園(yuan)覆蓋(gai)。幼齡茶(cha)園(yuan)樹封行后,行間(jian)可用山草(cao)或(huo)作物秸(jie)稈覆蓋(gai),每1畝(mu)鋪干草(cao)重(zhong)1噸左(zuo)右,實(shi)施茶(cha)園(yuan)免(少(shao))耕。
(5)水分管理
5.1蓄(xu)水(shui)。雨(yu)季注意給水(shui)池(chi)蓄(xu)水(shui),供早期使用。搞(gao)好茶(cha)(cha)園耕鋤、覆蓋和 幼齡(ling)茶(cha)(cha)園的(de)作物間(jian)種,增強(qiang)土(tu)壤(rang)涵養水(shui)分的(de)能力。
5.2灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉。幼齡茶園(yuan)在夏(xia)秋(qiu)干(gan)旱持續5天(tian)-7天(tian)時就進(jin)行(xing)一次灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉。產量較高(gao)的茶園(yuan)夏(xia)秋(qiu)干(gan)旱持續5天(tian)-7天(tian)時應(ying)進(jin)行(xing)一次灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉。產量較高(gao)的茶園(yuan)夏(xia)秋(qiu)干(gan)旱時也(ye)應(ying)當(dang)進(jin)行(xing)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉,以噴(pen)(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)最佳,無噴(pen)(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)條件時,可進(jin)行(xing)溝灌(guan)(guan)(guan)。
(6)茶樹修剪
6.1幼(you)齡(ling)茶樹的(de)修剪(jian)。第1次(ci)(ci)修剪(jian)距(ju)地面20厘米剪(jian)去(qu)茶苗主枝上部(bu)。第2次(ci)(ci)距(ju)地面30—35厘米施剪(jian)。第3次(ci)(ci)距(ju)地面45厘米施剪(jian)。
6.2成齡(ling)茶(cha)樹修剪。投(tou)采(cai)后(hou)的茶(cha)樹每(mei)年(nian)或隔年(nian)進行(xing)輕修剪,每(mei)次將(jiang)樹冠(guan)面剪低3—5厘(li)米(mi),投(tou)采(cai)5—6年(nian)進行(xing)一次深修剪,將(jiang)采(cai)摘冠(guan)面剪低15—20厘(li)米(mi)。
6.3衰老茶樹更新(xin)修剪。距地面30—50厘(li)米剪去樹冠上部。
(7)病蟲害(hai)防治 加強(qiang)茶(cha)園培管(guan),增強(qiang)樹體抗(kang)病蟲能力,結合采茶(cha)、修剪(jian)、耕鋤,清除或深(shen)埋結繭蟲蛹(yong)(苞),或于危害(hai)初期及時摘(剪(jian))除害(hai)蟲卵(luan)塊、護囊與群集蟲葉(xie)(枝),點燈誘蛾及利用性激(ji)素(su)誘殺雄蛾,應盡量(liang)少用或不用化(hua)學(xue)農藥,選(xuan)擇高(gao)效低毒農藥,以減少有(you)毒物質的殘存量(liang),使茶(cha)葉(xie)的品質少受(shou)影(ying)響。
(8)加工。按《貴(gui)定(ding)云霧貢茶地方標準》(DB52/547—2008)執行
(9)生(sheng)產記(ji)錄(lu)。根據農業部有(you)關檔案管理(li)辦法規定,種植場(chang)及(ji)一般種植戶都應當建立養(yang)殖檔案,載(zai)明以下內容:品種、面積、種植記(ji)錄(lu)、標識(shi)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)、;投(tou)入品和農藥的來源、名(ming)稱、使用對象、時(shi)間(jian)和用量等有(you)關情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang);檢疫、病蟲害防治情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)。資料應盡可(ke)能長(chang)期保存,最少保留2年(nian)。
六.包裝標識相關規定
(1)分級(ji):分為(wei)特級(ji)、一級(ji)和二級(ji)三個等級(ji)。
(2)包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang):包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)容(rong)器和包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)材料(liao)按(an)SB/T10035的規定(ding)。直接接觸茶(cha)葉的紙(zhi)質包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)材料(liao)按(an)GB11680規定(ding),用(yong)500g/包(bao)(bao)。
(3)標(biao)識:產(chan)品(pin)應(ying)有(you)明(ming)確標(biao)簽(qian),內容包(bao)(bao)括(kuo):產(chan)品(pin)名稱、產(chan)品(pin)的執行標(biao)準(zhun)、生產(chan)者及詳細地(di)(di)址、產(chan)地(di)(di)、凈含量和包(bao)(bao)裝日(ri)期等,要求(qiu)字跡清晰、完整、準(zhun)確。標(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)用人應(ying)在其(qi)產(chan)品(pin)或其(qi)包(bao)(bao)裝上(shang)統(tong)一使(shi)用農產(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理標(biao)志(zhi)(貴定云霧貢(gong)茶名稱和公共標(biao)識圖案組合標(biao)注型式(shi))。
(4)運輸:裝(zhuang)運倉(cang)應清潔(jie)、衛生、無異味(wei)。運輸時(shi)應快(kuai)裝(zhuang)、快(kuai)運、快(kuai)卸(xie),嚴禁(jin)(jin)日曬雨淋,裝(zhuang)卸(xie)、搬運時(shi)要輕(qing)拿輕(qing)放,嚴禁(jin)(jin)亂丟亂扔,嚴禁(jin)(jin)與有毒(du)有害物質接觸。運輸必須符(fu)合SB/T10037。 (5)貯藏:按SB/T10095。的規定(ding)執行。