一.自然(ran)生態環境和人文(wen)歷史因素
(1)氣候情(qing)況 農(nong)墾九三管理局位于黑(hei)(hei)龍江(jiang)省的西北部,屬寒(han)溫(wen)帶濕(shi)潤季風氣候區,年平(ping)均氣溫(wen)0.4°,日照時數為2500小(xiao)時左右(you),平(ping)均降水(shui)量(liang)為500毫(hao)米左右(you),無霜期(qi)為118天左右(you)。在黑(hei)(hei)龍江(jiang)省處于第四、第五積(ji)溫(wen)帶,有效積(ji)溫(wen)在2200℃左右(you),屬于典型的高(gao)緯度低熱量(liang)的旱作農(nong)業區,光、熱、水(shui)同(tong)季,非常(chang)適宜(yi)大豆的生長與發(fa)育。
(2)土壤條件 農墾九(jiu)三管理局地處于“世界(jie)三大(da)黑(hei)土”地帶之一,是典型的(de)黑(hei)鈣土,黑(hei)土層厚度在40-80cm之間,有機(ji)質(zhi)含量(liang)5-7%,PH值6.0-6.5,土質(zhi)疏松肥沃,有利于大(da)豆蛋白質(zhi)和(he)(he)脂(zhi)肪的(de)形(xing)成和(he)(he)積累(lei)。同時(shi),由于土壤有機(ji)質(zhi)豐富,化(hua)肥、農藥用(yong)量(liang)少大(da)豆品質(zhi)和(he)(he)口感極佳。
二.地域范圍
九(jiu)三(san)大(da)豆農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產品地(di)理標(biao)志地(di)域保(bao)護(hu)范圍包(bao)括黑(hei)龍(long)(long)江(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)七星泡(pao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)、黑(hei)龍(long)(long)江(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)尖山農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)、黑(hei)龍(long)(long)江(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)紅五月農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)、黑(hei)龍(long)(long)江(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)榮軍農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)、黑(hei)龍(long)(long)江(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)大(da)西(xi)江(jiang)(jiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)、黑(hei)龍(long)(long)江(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)鶴山農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)、黑(hei)龍(long)(long)江(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)嫩江(jiang)(jiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)、黑(hei)龍(long)(long)江(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)嫩北(bei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)、黑(hei)龍(long)(long)江(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)山河農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)、黑(hei)龍(long)(long)江(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)建(jian)邊(bian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)等10個農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)。地(di)理坐(zuo)標(biao)為東經124°25′至126°23′,北(bei)緯48°37′至50°04′。九(jiu)三(san)大(da)豆保(bao)護(hu)面(mian)積268000公(gong)頃,其(qi)中大(da)豆種(zhong)植面(mian)積160000公(gong)頃,產量456000噸。
三.產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征
(1)外在感官(guan)特(te)征。 九三大豆籽(zi)粒(li)為(wei)(wei)圓形或橢圓形,色(se)澤光滑(hua)、黃(huang)色(se),粒(li)大、粒(li)圓,飽滿,皮(pi)薄,臍色(se)為(wei)(wei)淡(dan)黃(huang)白色(se),完(wan)整率達95%以上。
(2)內在(zai)品(pin)質指標。 九三大(da)(da)(da)豆品(pin)質優(you)越,豆類營養指標參數高。蛋(dan)白質含(han)量40%以上(shang),蛋(dan)白質和(he)脂肪總量大(da)(da)(da)于60%,鐵含(han)量大(da)(da)(da)于7mg/100g,鋅含(han)量大(da)(da)(da)于28mg/kg,維(wei)生素E含(han)量大(da)(da)(da)于2mg/100g。
(3)質量(liang)安(an)全(quan)。 九三大豆組織化、機械(xie)化、集(ji)約化程度(du)高,100%實現了(le)專(zhuan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種種植、專(zhuan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種收獲、專(zhuan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種貯藏。產(chan)地環境要求符(fu)合(he)NY/T391《綠(lv)色(se)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin) 產(chan)地環境技術條件》,貯藏和運輸符(fu)合(he)NY/T1056《綠(lv)色(se)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin) 貯藏運輸準則(ze)》中規定(ding)。產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)符(fu)合(he)《食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)國家(jia)標(biao)準 食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)中農藥(yao)最大殘(can)留(liu)限(xian)(xian)量(liang)》(GB2763-2014)和《食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)國家(jia)標(biao)準 食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)中污染(ran)物限(xian)(xian)量(liang)》(GB2762-2012)。
四.特定生產方式
(1)自然生態環境。 氣候條件非(fei)常適合大豆生長發育(yu),全年無霜(shuang)期118天左(zuo)右,年降雨量(liang)(liang)500毫米左(zuo)右,有(you)效積溫2200℃左(zuo)右。土(tu)壤類(lei)型(xing)為黑鈣土(tu),有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)(liang)5-7%,PH值6.0-6.5,土(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)疏松肥沃(wo),有(you)利于(yu)大豆蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)和脂肪的形(xing)成和積累。
(2)品種(zhong)選擇。 農(nong)(nong)墾(ken)九三管(guan)(guan)理(li)局是(shi)以旱(han)作農(nong)(nong)業生產(chan)為主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)局,大豆是(shi)農(nong)(nong)墾(ken)九三管(guan)(guan)理(li)局主(zhu)(zhu)栽(zai)作物之一。墾(ken)鑒豆28號(hao)、墾(ken)鑒豆27號(hao)、黑河43號(hao)是(shi)當前的(de)(de)大豆的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)栽(zai)品種(zhong)。
(3)生(sheng)(sheng)產過程(cheng)(cheng)管理。 包括農(nong)業投入(ru)品方面的使用規(gui)定:生(sheng)(sheng)產過程(cheng)(cheng)必(bi)須嚴格按照(zhao)《綠(lv)色食(shi)品大豆生(sheng)(sheng)產操作規(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)》操作。生(sheng)(sheng)產過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)農(nong)藥(yao)和(he)化肥(fei)的使用必(bi)須符合(he)《綠(lv)色食(shi)品農(nong)藥(yao)使用準則》(NT/T393-2013)和(he)《綠(lv)色食(shi)品肥(fei)料使用準則》(NY/T394-2013)。
A 管理模式。實現(xian)兩個“六(liu)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)”(農(nong)藝“六(liu)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)”即(ji)(ji)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)輪作(zuo),統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)供(gong)種,統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)配(pei)方(fang)施肥,統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)植保措施,統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)技術(shu)標(biao)準,統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)田(tian)間作(zuo)業(ye);農(nong)機“六(liu)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)”即(ji)(ji)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)機具停放管理,統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)農(nong)機作(zuo)業(ye)計劃,統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)組織(zhi)機械(xie)調動聯合作(zuo)業(ye),統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)田(tian)間作(zuo)業(ye)操作(zuo)規程,統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)作(zuo)業(ye)質量標(biao)準,統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)農(nong)機作(zuo)業(ye)收費(fei)標(biao)準),通過實行連片(pian)集中作(zuo)業(ye)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)方(fang)式,加快九三大豆(dou)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)進度(du),提高作(zuo)業(ye)質量,促進九三大豆(dou)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)。
B 栽培(pei)方式。九三大(da)豆栽培(pei)模(mo)式——大(da)壟(long)高臺密(mi)(mi)植(zhi)(zhi)栽培(pei)技術。該技術采(cai)用主莖結夾品種,秋(qiu)起大(da)壟(long),寬臺密(mi)(mi)植(zhi)(zhi),壟(long)上(shang)四行、邊行行距12公分(fen)、中(zhong)間行距22-24公分(fen),壟(long)底深松,壟(long)體(ti)測土分(fen)層施(shi)肥(fei),壟(long)上(shang)精量點播、化學(xue)除草、航(hang)化作業、健身防(fang)病、機(ji)械收(shou)獲(huo)等(deng)綜合(he)配套技術,此(ci)技術比常規(gui)措施(shi)增產10-15%左(zuo)右。該模(mo)式抗旱能力(li)較強,增產效果好,九三大(da)豆全面(mian)積應(ying)用此(ci)技術。同時推廣應(ying)用的保護性(xing)耕作、生物技術、節水灌溉、測土配方施(shi)肥(fei)、病蟲(chong)草害綜合(he)防(fang)治(zhi)、大(da)豆根瘤(liu)菌等(deng)先進技術。
(4)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)記(ji)(ji)錄。 對九三大豆生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的全過(guo)程,建(jian)立(li)田間生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)技術檔案,做(zuo)好(hao)化(hua)肥(fei)、農(nong)藥的使用記(ji)(ji)載;專(zhuan)人(ren)保管化(hua)肥(fei)、農(nong)藥;禁止使用高(gao)毒、高(gao)殘留農(nong)藥,定期(qi)進行農(nong)藥殘留抽檢(jian),做(zuo)好(hao)整個生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程的全面(mian)記(ji)(ji)載,并妥善保存(cun),以備查(cha)閱(yue)。
五.包裝標識相關規定(ding)
地域范圍(wei)內的九三(san)(san)大(da)豆生產經營者,在產品(pin)或包裝上使(shi)用已(yi)獲登(deng)(deng)記保護的農(nong)產品(pin)地理(li)標志,須向登(deng)(deng)記證書持有(you)人提出申請,并按(an)照相關(guan)要求規(gui)范生產和(he)使(shi)用標志,統一采(cai)用“九三(san)(san)大(da)豆”名稱和(he)農(nong)產品(pin)地理(li)標志公共標識(shi)相結合的標識(shi)標注(zhu)方法。