簡介
紅(hong)(hong)安七(qi)(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)鎮(zhen)它是(shi)著名(ming)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)麻起義的(de)(de)策源地(di),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)工(gong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)紅(hong)(hong)軍(jun)三大(da)主力(li)之(zhi)一的(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)四(si)方(fang)面軍(jun)的(de)(de)誕生地(di),是(shi)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)僅次(ci)于井(jing)岡山的(de)(de)第(di)二大(da)根(gen)據地(di)——鄂(e)(e)豫皖(wan)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)根(gen)據地(di)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心,曾(ceng)被命(ming)名(ming)為“列(lie)寧(ning)市(shi)”。紅(hong)(hong)安,原名(ming)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)安,位于大(da)別山南麓鄂(e)(e)豫兩(liang)省交(jiao)界(jie)處,七(qi)(qi)(qi)十八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)前,一群(qun)年(nian)(nian)(nian)輕的(de)(de)共(gong)產黨(dang)人領導(dao)當地(di)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)工(gong)發動了(le)(le)史稱(cheng)“黃(huang)(huang)(huang)麻起義”的(de)(de)武裝暴動,并(bing)(bing)以此為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心建(jian)立(li)(li)了(le)(le)鄂(e)(e)豫皖(wan)蘇維(wei)埃紅(hong)(hong)色政權(quan)。整個戰爭年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai),共(gong)有(you)(you)14萬紅(hong)(hong)安兒女獻出了(le)(le)自己的(de)(de)生命(ming),從這片被血(xue)染紅(hong)(hong)了(le)(le)的(de)(de)土地(di)上(shang)(shang),也(ye)才走(zou)出了(le)(le)董(dong)必(bi)武、李(li)先(xian)念(nian)兩(liang)任(ren)共(gong)和國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家主席,還有(you)(you)韓(han)先(xian)楚、秦基偉(wei)等(deng)威(wei)名(ming)顯赫的(de)(de)223名(ming)共(gong)和國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)將軍(jun)。紅(hong)(hong)安七(qi)(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)是(shi)第(di)二次(ci)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)戰爭時期重要的(de)(de)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)根(gen)據地(di)之(zhi)一。1924年(nian)(nian)(nian)就(jiu)建(jian)立(li)(li)了(le)(le)共(gong)產黨(dang)的(de)(de)組織, 1927年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(安)麻(城(cheng))特(te)委根(gen)據中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央“八(ba)七(qi)(qi)(qi)”會議精神(shen),領到(dao)了(le)(le)著名(ming)的(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)麻起義。起義部隊在在七(qi)(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)誓師,經過(guo)了(le)(le)激(ji)烈(lie)的(de)(de)戰斗攻(gong)克了(le)(le)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)安縣城(cheng),成立(li)(li)了(le)(le)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)安縣農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民革(ge)(ge)命(ming)政權(quan),并(bing)(bing)建(jian)立(li)(li)了(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)工(gong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)軍(jun)鄂(e)(e)東軍(jun)。1929年(nian)(nian)(nian),鄂(e)(e)豫根(gen)據地(di)形成,七(qi)(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)成為根(gen)據地(di)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心;1930年(nian)(nian)(nian)七(qi)(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)也(ye)被改名(ming)為“列(lie)寧(ning)市(shi)”。同年(nian)(nian)(nian)秋在此召開了(le)(le)鄂(e)(e)豫皖(wan)邊區第(di)一次(ci)工(gong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)兵代(dai)(dai)表(biao)大(da)會,選舉了(le)(le)蘇維(wei)埃政府成員(yuan)。1931年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue),在七(qi)(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)組成了(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)工(gong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)紅(hong)(hong)軍(jun)第(di)四(si)方(fang)面軍(jun),總指揮是(shi)徐(xu)向前,陳昌浩任(ren)政治(zhi)委員(yuan)。紅(hong)(hong)安七(qi)(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)舊址(zhi)保存完整,現存革(ge)(ge)命(ming)舊址(zhi)四(si)十余(yu)處,有(you)(you)鄂(e)(e)豫皖(wan)特(te)區蘇維(wei)埃、革(ge)(ge)命(ming)法庭、工(gong)會、銀行、黃(huang)(huang)(huang)麻起義會場、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)安縣委駐(zhu)地(di)、紅(hong)(hong)軍(jun)經濟公社、列(lie)寧(ning)小學等(deng)。在七(qi)(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)鎮(zhen)后山上(shang)(shang)建(jian)立(li)(li)了(le)(le)紀念(nian)碑,碑上(shang)(shang)鐫刻有(you)(you)董(dong)必(bi)武手書的(de)(de)“革(ge)(ge)命(ming)烈(lie)士(shi)永垂不朽”八(ba)個大(da)字。
歷史沿革
紅安七里(li)坪是(shi)第(di)二次(ci)(ci)國(guo)內革(ge)(ge)命(ming)戰爭(zheng)時期重(zhong)要的(de)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)根(gen)(gen)(gen)據地之一(yi)。1924年(nian)(nian)(nian)就建立(li)了(le)共產黨的(de)組織,1927年(nian)(nian)(nian)蔣介(jie)石發動“四(si)一(yi)二”政(zheng)變叛變革(ge)(ge)命(ming)后,這里(li)就成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)了(le)黃麻(ma)地區(qu)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)活(huo)動的(de)策源地。1927年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月,中(zhong)共黃(安)麻(ma)(城)特委根(gen)(gen)(gen)據中(zhong)央“八七”會議精(jing)神,領到了(le)著名(ming)的(de)黃麻(ma)起(qi)義。起(qi)義部隊在在七里(li)坪誓師,經過了(le)激烈的(de)戰斗攻克了(le)黃安縣城,成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)了(le)黃安縣農民革(ge)(ge)命(ming)政(zheng)權,并(bing)建立(li)了(le)中(zhong)國(guo)工(gong)農革(ge)(ge)命(ming)軍鄂東軍。1929年(nian)(nian)(nian),鄂豫根(gen)(gen)(gen)據地形成(cheng)(cheng),七里(li)坪成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)根(gen)(gen)(gen)據地的(de)中(zhong)心。1930年(nian)(nian)(nian),鄂豫皖革(ge)(ge)命(ming)根(gen)(gen)(gen)據地形成(cheng)(cheng),七里(li)坪也被改(gai)名(ming)為(wei)“列(lie)寧市”,成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)根(gen)(gen)(gen)據地的(de)重(zhong)要組成(cheng)(cheng)部分。同年(nian)(nian)(nian)秋(qiu)在此召(zhao)開了(le)鄂豫皖邊區(qu)第(di)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)工(gong)農兵代表大(da)會,選舉了(le)蘇(su)維埃政(zheng)府成(cheng)(cheng)員(yuan)。1931年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月,在七里(li)坪組成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)中(zhong)國(guo)工(gong)農紅軍第(di)四(si)方面(mian)軍,總指揮是(shi)徐向前,陳昌浩(hao)任政(zheng)治委員(yuan)。
紅(hong)安七(qi)里(li)(li)(li)坪(ping)革(ge)命舊址(zhi)(zhi)保存完整,現存革(ge)命舊址(zhi)(zhi)四十余處(chu),有(you)(you)鄂豫皖特(te)區蘇(su)維埃、革(ge)命法(fa)庭、工會、銀行、黃麻起義會場、中(zhong)共(gong)黃安縣委駐地(di)、紅(hong)軍經濟公社、列寧小(xiao)(xiao)學(xue)等(deng)。在七(qi)里(li)(li)(li)坪(ping)鎮后(hou)山(shan)上建立了紀(ji)念碑,碑上鐫刻有(you)(you)董必武手書的“革(ge)命烈(lie)士永垂不朽”八(ba)個(ge)大字。七(qi)里(li)(li)(li)坪(ping)革(ge)命紀(ji)念館設在列寧小(xiao)(xiao)學(xue)舊址(zhi)(zhi),陳列有(you)(you)革(ge)命的史料供(gong)后(hou)人參觀。