概況
南(nan)通(tong)(tong)天(tian)(tian)寧(ning)禪(chan)(chan)寺(si)(si)始建于唐朝,是南(nan)通(tong)(tong)年(nian)代久(jiu),規模較大(da)而又(you)保存(cun)較好的(de)(de)一座(zuo)佛教(jiao)寺(si)(si)院。它(ta)是南(nan)通(tong)(tong)江海地區現存(cun)的(de)(de)三座(zuo)唐寺(si)(si)(狼山廣教(jiao)寺(si)(si),如(ru)皋定(ding)慧寺(si)(si),南(nan)通(tong)(tong)天(tian)(tian)寧(ning)寺(si)(si))之(zhi)一,明《萬歷(li)志》、清《康熙志》皆作這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)記載:“唐咸通(tong)(tong)中僧藻煥堂建。舊名光孝(xiao)(xiao)天(tian)(tian)順(shun)元(yuan)年(nian)僧法恩(en)(en)奏改(gai)今(jin)名。”《乾隆(long)志》作了這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)補充“寺(si)(si)有(you)光孝(xiao)(xiao)塔(ta)五(wu)級,后(hou)有(you)毗盧閣。宋咸淳中(約990年(nian)—1003年(nian))君人(ren)管(guan)某建,僧法恩(en)(en)募捐。”這(zhe)里記載“天(tian)(tian)順(shun)元(yuan)年(nian)法恩(en)(en)奏改(gai)今(jin)名”有(you)誤,應為善慧。‘管(guan)某’,難以評考(kao),僧人(ren)曾稱(cheng)為“管(guan)公(gong),管(guan)婆(po)”,并在(zai)金剛(gang)殿供奉其像。在(zai)咸淳年(nian)間,有(you)宋度(du)宗(zong)兵部(bu)尚書、郡人(ren)(一說(shuo)石港(gang)人(ren))印應雷舍其宅入寺(si)(si)(一記管(guan)某舍宅入寺(si)(si))。天(tian)(tian)寧(ning)寺(si)(si)原系奉圣寺(si)(si),居州治(zhi)之(zhi)西政和間(公(gong)元(yuan)1111年(nian)—1118年(nian))遷(qian)天(tian)(tian)寧(ning)禪(chan)(chan)寺(si)(si)并入報恩(en)(en)光孝(xiao)(xiao),后(hou)以天(tian)(tian)寧(ning)禪(chan)(chan)寺(si)(si)通(tong)(tong)稱(cheng)。
歷史
對于這(zhe)座唐寺(si)(si)(si)(si)的(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)年(nian),說(shuo)(shuo)法頗混亂,有(you)(you)說(shuo)(shuo)“明(ming)宣(xuan)德年(nian)問重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)。”有(you)(you)說(shuo)(shuo)“始建(jian)(jian)(jian)于北宋。”史書碑文均記載唐咸(xian)通或(huo)貞觀年(nian)間(jian)(jian)。考察這(zhe)一歷(li)(li)(li)史時期,正(zheng)是唐王朝經濟文化發(fa)展的(de)鼎盛,佛教在(zai)江海地區(qu)的(de)空前發(fa)展是自然的(de)事.雖然寺(si)(si)(si)(si)院的(de)規模遠不似后來的(de)面貌,也應(ying)承認它是寺(si)(si)(si)(si)廟始建(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)最初歷(li)(li)(li)史。在(zai)漫長薩歷(li)(li)(li)史年(nian)代,天(tian)(tian)(tian)寧(ning)(ning)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)有(you)(you)過(guo)兩次(ci)興(xing)盛的(de)記錄(lu):一為(wei)北宋政和年(nian)間(jian)(jian),經過(guo)并寺(si)(si)(si)(si)營建(jian)(jian)(jian),使其:“殿(dian)(dian)堂宏麗,樓(lou)閣(ge)(ge)穹崇,實一州之(zhi)偉觀”“至(zhi)咸(xian)淳(chun)間(jian)(jian),復新之(zhi),比舊則加(jia)焉”其時,宋徽宗趙佶御(yu)筆題寫(xie)“大(da)(da)雄之(zhi)殿(dian)(dian)”,更為(wei)其推(tui)(tui)波助潤,但到(dao)明(ming)宣(xuan)德初,天(tian)(tian)(tian)寧(ning)(ning)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)已是:‘僅存大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian),山(shan)門,風雨不支(zhi),像護剝(bo)落。”后在(zai)宣(xuan)德、正(zheng)統(tong),天(tian)(tian)(tian)順(shun)、萬(wan)歷(li)(li)(li)、天(tian)(tian)(tian)啟年(nian)間(jian)(jian)均有(you)(you)興(xing)修(xiu)之(zhi)舉,天(tian)(tian)(tian)寧(ning)(ning)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)迎(ying)來第二個中興(xing)期。重(zhong)振之(zhi)功首推(tui)(tui)通州守御(yu)陳(chen)謙,他捐資請來杭州凈緣(yuan)禪(chan)(chan)師主持修(xiu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)事宜(yi),前后四年(nian)整修(xiu)了(le)(le)光孝塔牙大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)、山(shan)門,他還(huan)主持興(xing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)園通殿(dian)(dian),輪藏殿(dian)(dian),醇零樓(lou),其徒(tu)善意(yi)又于正(zheng)紀十(shi)四年(nian),天(tian)(tian)(tian)順(shun)二年(nian)兩次(ci)興(xing)工修(xiu)舊補缺,鑄造銅像。而且敕賜寺(si)(si)(si)(si)名。成為(wei)演習禮(li)儀(yi)之(zhi)所。”《萬(wan)歷(li)(li)(li)通州志(zhi)》還(huan)提到(dao)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)有(you)(you)火神廟,祠山(shan)廟,毗(pi)盧閣(ge)(ge)等建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑。此外,惠儒等僧人還(huan)重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)禪(chan)(chan)堂,地藏和彌勒殿(dian)(dian)等,當時通州名士(shi)沈明(ming)臣,盧純學,吳熠、湯有(you)(you)光題下“偶翼毗(pi)盧閣(ge)(ge),遙堪俯大(da)(da)璃”等佳(jia)句,詠頌天(tian)(tian)(tian)寧(ning)(ning)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)的(de)一時盛況。天(tian)(tian)(tian)寧(ning)(ning)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)東部近(jin)代枝學校改建(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)校舍,西(xi)側的(de)火星(xing)殿(dian)(dian)、水(shui)神殿(dian)(dian)(禹王殿(dian)(dian)),祖師殿(dian)(dian)、大(da)(da)意(yi)堂為(wei)晚清(qing)或(huo)民國時所建(jian)(jian)(jian)。