黃山宮簡介
黃山(shan)宮位于(yu)興(xing)平(ping)市馬嵬街道正北約1公(gong)里處(chu),東距(ju)(ju)興(xing)平(ping)市13公(gong)里,西距(ju)(ju)貴妃(fei)墓(mu)2公(gong)里,坐(zuo)落在塬坡下,地(di)勢北高南低,為西漢早期之道教圣地(di),距(ju)(ju)今已有2200多年歷史。
據明正德(de)年間康(kang)海所立碑(bei)石記載:“漢惠帝建黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)宮,漢武帝曾微服私幸(xing)(xing),改老子祠(ci),唐太宗以裔出,老子祠(ci)更加修繕,玄(xuan)宗幸(xing)(xing)蜀乞靈于此,手植槐焉”。漢唐時(shi)期,黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)宮為皇家道觀。明清功(gong)德(de)碑(bei)記載,歷史上(shang)黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)宮屢有修葺。在兩千年的(de)歷史長河中,黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)宮一直(zhi)興盛不衰。
黃(huang)(huang)山宮在縣(xian)、鄉兩級政(zheng)府(fu)的關(guan)懷幫(bang)助下,基(ji)礎設(she)施得到很大(da)改善,2003年牌樓及門(men)前廣場竣工(gong),2009年修(xiu)通到黃(huang)(huang)山宮45米寬(kuan)的水泥路。興(xing)平(ping)市道(dao)教協會在干渠上修(xiu)了弓(gong)形橋,橋北建(jian)有(you)鐘鼓樓。太(tai)上槐(huai)植于黃(huang)(huang)山宮院(yuan)落中央,南為三清殿(dian),北有(you)九(jiu)宮十八(ba)洞,洞內供奉著各路神仙。相(xiang)傳道(dao)教祖師老子最(zui)早在黃(huang)(huang)山宮傳道(dao),后遷(qian)往樓觀(guan)臺(tai),因南北相(xiang)望,故黃(huang)(huang)山宮又稱北樓觀(guan)。四時八(ba)節不斷有(you)人(ren)來許愿,古廟(miao)會期(qi)間朝拜人(ren)次(ci)超過10萬。
黃(huang)山宮(gong)東西兩(liang)邊平行排(pai)列著幾條大溝,嶺高(gao)溝深,黃(huang)土裸露。東邊的嶺當地人稱“鱉蓋”。西北方(fang)(fang)向約 500米處,是新石器時代的黃(huang)山遺址。東約 20米有賀氏洞(dong)(dong)(dong),據碑石記載,為堂主賀氏率弟子鑿成,洞(dong)(dong)(dong)口塌陷嚴重。賀氏洞(dong)(dong)(dong)以(yi)東另一條溝崖上有三(san)個洞(dong)(dong)(dong)口,入內低頭可走,傳說很深,但(dan)內部塌陷。黃(huang)山宮(gong)東面(mian)溝崖上留有窯(yao)洞(dong)(dong)(dong) 80余處,是李家坡(po)村民先祖(zu)居住過的地方(fang)(fang)。干渠以(yi)南約 100米處有自涌(yong)泉(quan)兩(liang)處,泉(quan)水(shui)流(liu)淌日夜(ye)不停(ting),水(shui)質(zhi)含硒等對(dui)人體有益的微量礦物質(zhi)元(yuan)素,清(qing)洌甘甜可飲(yin)用。
黃山宮的旅(lv)游(you)資源種(zhong)類(lei)多(duo),而且比(bi)較(jiao)集中(zhong)(zhong),并毗鄰楊(yang)貴妃(fei)墓。以楊(yang)貴妃(fei)墓為龍頭的馬嵬中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)地區(qu)旅(lv)游(you)雛(chu)形(xing)初現。
黃(huang)山(shan)宮是一處(chu)道(dao)教圣地,相(xiang)傳老子(zi)騎青牛在樓觀臺講道(dao)時,曾(ceng)夜宿黃(huang)山(shan)宮,“漢(han)惠帝(di)建黃(huang)山(shan)宮,漢(han)武帝(di)曾(ceng)微服私(si)幸,改老子(zi)祠(ci),唐太宗以裔出,老子(zi)祠(ci)更加修繕,玄宗幸蜀乞靈于此,手植槐(huai)焉”(據(ju)明正(zheng)德年間康海(hai)所(suo)立(li)碑石(shi)記載)。盛(sheng)唐詩人(ren)王維以“黃(huang)山(shan)舊繞(rao)漢(han)宮斜(xie)”的佳句贊嘆黃(huang)山(shan)宮的美景。
歷史
其地(di)古稱黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan),西(xi)(xi)漢惠(hui)帝二(er)年(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)前193年(nian)(nian))就山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢鑿洞建(jian)(jian)廟(miao)宮(gong)(gong),供老(lao)(lao)子(zi)(zi),成為道教(jiao)早期活動的地(di)方。據(ju)《東方朔傳(chuan)記》載,建(jian)(jian)元(yuan)(yuan)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)前138年(nian)(nian))漢武(wu)帝穿便服出游,北至(zhi)(zhi)池陽(yang),西(xi)(xi)到黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)宮(gong)(gong)。《三(san)輔黃(huang)(huang)(huang)圖》也(ye)記載:“武(wu)帝微行(xing)西(xi)(xi)至(zhi)(zhi)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)宮(gong)(gong)也(ye)”。傳(chuan)說(shuo)武(wu)帝很孝,其母有(you)病,他曾在黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)宮(gong)(gong)為母要過藥。據(ju)王莽傳(chuan)記載:王莽篡位(wei)時,訛言黃(huang)(huang)(huang)龍墮死黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)宮(gong)(gong)中,百(bai)姓奔走往(wang)觀者有(you)萬數。到了(le)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)代,唐(tang)(tang)(tang)太宗(zong)李(li)世(shi)民因與老(lao)(lao)子(zi)(zi)同姓,自認是老(lao)(lao)子(zi)(zi)的后(hou)裔,改黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)宮(gong)(gong)為老(lao)(lao)子(zi)(zi)宅(zhai),大加修(xiu)治,并提(ti)倡道教(jiao)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)高(gao)宗(zong)乾封元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian),進封老(lao)(lao)子(zi)(zi)為“太上玄(xuan)皇(huang)帝”。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)玄(xuan)宗(zong)開元(yuan)(yuan)二(er)十四年(nian)(nian),視(shi)道士為宗(zong)室,二(er)十九年(nian)(nian)建(jian)(jian)玄(xuan)元(yuan)(yuan)皇(huang)帝廟(miao)于各(ge)地(di)。安(an)史之(zhi)亂后(hou),唐(tang)(tang)(tang)玄(xuan)宗(zong)從四川回(hui)(hui)長(chang)安(an)途經馬嵬時去黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)宮(gong)(gong)燒香朝拜老(lao)(lao)子(zi)(zi),并在院內親手(shou)栽(zai)植(zhi)了(le)一(yi)棵槐樹,今(jin)已1200多年(nian)(nian),成為文物。明、清兩(liang)代多有(you)建(jian)(jian)修(xiu),規模(mo)宏大,香火旺盛。清同治元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(1861)陜西(xi)(xi)回(hui)(hui)民起義攻打興平,黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)宮(gong)(gong)被回(hui)(hui)民義軍(jun)放火燒毀(hui)。同治十二(er)年(nian)(nian)(1873)興平群眾(zhong)(zhong)捐(juan)款復修(xiu)東西(xi)(xi)兩(liang)側。光緒三(san)十年(nian)(nian)(1904)興平、乾縣、武(wu)功(gong)周(zhou)圍群眾(zhong)(zhong)捐(juan)款重修(xiu),建(jian)(jian)有(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)門、二(er)門、鐘樓(lou)、鼓樓(lou)、卷(juan)棚、玉(yu)皇(huang)殿、三(san)清殿、老(lao)(lao)君(jun)洞,靠山(shan)(shan)(shan)崖半(ban)圓形(xing)排列十六個窯洞,各(ge)塑(su)(su)神(shen)像。1954年(nian)(nian)拆除,大部分廟(miao)殿移蓋學(xue)校。“文化大革命”中,神(shen)像全被砸毀(hui),后(hou)來窯洞逐(zhu)漸倒(dao)塌。1980年(nian)(nian)后(hou)有(you)一(yi)姓魏的道人居住。近年(nian)(nian)來群眾(zhong)(zhong)捐(juan)錢修(xiu)中洞,塑(su)(su)老(lao)(lao)子(zi)(zi)泥像,蓋三(san)間瓦房,供玉(yu)皇(huang),周(zhou)圍有(you)善男信(xin)女1000余人,每年(nian)(nian)農(nong)歷二(er)月十五日趕(gan)廟(miao)會。
政策扶持
馬嵬地區(qu)旅游(you)景(jing)點(dian)各具特色(se),楊(yang)貴妃(fei)墓(mu)(mu)以唐文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)見(jian)長(chang),黃山(shan)宮突出道教文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua),馬嵬驛(yi)展示農耕文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)、民俗文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)和自然景(jing)觀,馬嵬過境(jing)段現(xian)代都(dou)市農業發(fa)達(da)。我市要(yao)(yao)實現(xian)資(zi)源(yuan)由分(fen)散經營向整體(ti)經營推(tui)進(jin),將楊(yang)貴妃(fei)墓(mu)(mu)、馬嵬驛(yi)民俗文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)村、黃山(shan)宮、馬嵬現(xian)代都(dou)市農業等景(jing)點(dian)納(na)入整體(ti)規劃建設之中,協同(tong)(tong)推(tui)進(jin)旅游(you)資(zi)源(yuan)整體(ti)開發(fa)建設。同(tong)(tong)時,將景(jing)區(qu)內各景(jing)點(dian)串聯起(qi)來(lai),達(da)成成片建設目的(de)。目前(qian),要(yao)(yao)聘請有關(guan)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)專家學者(zhe),對整個(ge)景(jing)區(qu)制定一(yi)個(ge)全面(mian)(mian)的(de)高起(qi)點(dian)的(de)發(fa)展規劃,綜合考(kao)慮發(fa)展與保護、發(fa)展與管理的(de)關(guan)系,使整個(ge)景(jing)區(qu)及景(jing)點(dian)建設和發(fa)展有章可循。
濃厚(hou)的(de)歷史文化(hua)是馬(ma)嵬(wei)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)最具優勢(shi)的(de)資(zi)源(yuan),提升景(jing)(jing)區(qu)景(jing)(jing)點文化(hua)神韻是下(xia)一(yi)步景(jing)(jing)區(qu)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)核心(xin)所(suo)在(zai)。目(mu)前,馬(ma)嵬(wei)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)的(de)文化(hua)景(jing)(jing)觀中,唐文化(hua)景(jing)(jing)觀建(jian)設和(he)規劃(hua)設計比(bi)較完善(shan)。黃(huang)山宮道(dao)教文化(hua)在(zai)景(jing)(jing)點布(bu)局(ju)和(he)建(jian)設上則比(bi)較弱(ruo),沒有得(de)到充分發(fa)掘。馬(ma)嵬(wei)現代都市農業還沒有和(he)旅游緊(jin)緊(jin)融(rong)為一(yi)體,資(zi)源(yuan)價值(zhi)沒有得(de)到合理利用。下(xia)一(yi)步,馬(ma)嵬(wei)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)應當突出(chu)重點、整體推進,在(zai)傳承(cheng)與(yu)創(chuang)新、保護與(yu)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)基礎上,突顯歷史文化(hua)、自然生態、旅游發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)融(rong)合,增強景(jing)(jing)區(qu)的(de)文化(hua)輻射和(he)品(pin)牌(pai)價值(zhi)。