簡介
太(tai)乙(yi)觀(guan)地處全(quan)國“楠(nan)竹(zhu)、桂花之鄉”,湖北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)“全(quan)國溫(wen)(wen)泉之鄉”咸寧(ning)溫(wen)(wen)泉之太(tai)乙(yi)山(shan)上,與(yu)楚天第一洞“太(tai)乙(yi)洞”首尾相應;距鄰武漢東(dong)南方80公(gong)里路(lu)程,是107國道、京珠(zhu)高(gao)速與(yu)京廣線(xian)的要(yao)口(kou),是湖北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)道教著(zhu)名宮觀(guan)之一。
歷史悠久
此處千巒環(huan)翠,萬壑(he)流清。高山凹澤,平臺峻懸,崎嶇山路,似壅而通。崢嶸澗(jian)道(dao),盤迂復直,竹里通幽,自成天然
職(zhi)能和奉(feng)祀(si)(si):《太(tai)(tai)上三洞表(biao)文》中稱天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)有九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),即:太(tai)(tai)乙(yi)(yi)救(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)、十方(fang)救(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)、九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)幽拔罪天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)、朱陵(ling)度(du)(du)命天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)、火(huo)煉丹(dan)界天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)、法橋大度(du)(du)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)、金闕化身(shen)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)、逍遙快樂天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)、寶(bao)華圓(yuan)(yuan)滿(man)(man)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)等。太(tai)(tai)乙(yi)(yi)救(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)居九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)之首。太(tai)(tai)乙(yi)(yi)救(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)之職(zhi)就是「至(zhi)圣至(zhi)仁,極(ji)(ji)慈極(ji)(ji)愛,乘九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)師之仙(xian)馭,散(san)百寶(bao)之祥(xiang)光(guang),接(jie)(jie)引(yin)浮生」。傳稱,人如遇(yu)到(dao)苦(ku)(ku)難(nan),只要(yao)(yao)念誦(song)太(tai)(tai)乙(yi)(yi)救(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)名號(hao),太(tai)(tai)乙(yi)(yi)救(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)就會(hui)(hui)隨聲應化,幫助人解憂排難(nan),化兇(xiong)為(wei)吉(ji)。對於積(ji)功行善(shan)、功行圓(yuan)(yuan)滿(man)(man)之人,太(tai)(tai)乙(yi)(yi)救(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)會(hui)(hui)「乘九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)師之仙(xian)馭,散(san)百寶(bao)之祥(xiang)光(guang)」,接(jie)(jie)引(yin)升仙(xian)。道教(jiao)的主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)宮觀一般都有太(tai)(tai)乙(yi)(yi)殿,供奉(feng)太(tai)(tai)乙(yi)(yi)救(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)之神(shen)像或神(shen)位。太(tai)(tai)乙(yi)(yi)救(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)之神(shen)像常作(zuo)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)騎獅子(zi)狀(zhuang)。道教(jiao)徒通常只是在上中下三元(yuan)之日或為(wei)亡(wang)魂舉(ju)行黃(huang)箓超度(du)(du)道場時,才奉(feng)祀(si)(si)太(tai)(tai)乙(yi)(yi)救(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)。宋(song)元(yuan)以(yi)(yi)來,道教(jiao)科儀中以(yi)(yi)太(tai)(tai)乙(yi)(yi)救(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)神(shen)的,名目繁(fan)多。例如:《太(tai)(tai)乙(yi)(yi)救(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)說拔度(du)(du)血湖寶(bao)懺》、《靈(ling)寶(bao)煉度(du)(du)》、《九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)幽燈儀》等等。在此類科儀中,太(tai)(tai)乙(yi)(yi)救(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)除了接(jie)(jie)引(yin)浮生以(yi)(yi)外,還主(zhu)(zhu)持以(yi)(yi)水(shui)火(huo)交煉亡(wang)魂、主(zhu)(zhu)持清(qing)蕩血湖地獄,破(po)獄拔度(du)(du)罪魂等等。
青帝,文學(xue)形象為太乙真人.就是救苦天尊.
太(tai)乙救(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)天(tian)(tian)尊(zun)有“尋(xun)(xun)聲救(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)天(tian)(tian)尊(zun)”、“十方救(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)天(tian)(tian)尊(zun)”等號(hao),簡稱救(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)天(tian)(tian)尊(zun)。相傳其為(wei)玉(yu)皇(huang)大(da)帝二侍者之一(yi),配合(he)玉(yu)帝統(tong)御萬類。道(dao)(dao)教說他由青玄上帝神化而來,誓愿救(jiu)(jiu)度一(yi)切眾生,所以炁化救(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)天(tian)(tian)尊(zun)以度世。據(ju)《太(tai)乙救(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)護(hu)身妙經》說:“東方長(chang)樂(le)世界有大(da)慈仁(ren)者,太(tai)乙救(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)天(tian)(tian)尊(zun)化身如恒沙(sha)數,物隨聲應(ying)。或(huo)住天(tian)(tian)宮,或(huo)降(jiang)人間,或(huo)居地獄(yu),或(huo)攝群(qun)耶,或(huo)為(wei)仙(xian)童(tong)玉(yu)女,或(huo)為(wei)帝君圣人,或(huo)為(wei)天(tian)(tian)尊(zun)真人,或(huo)為(wei)金(jin)剛神王,或(huo)為(wei)魔王力士,或(huo)為(wei)天(tian)(tian)師(shi)(shi)道(dao)(dao)士,或(huo)為(wei)皇(huang)人老君,或(huo)為(wei)天(tian)(tian)醫功(gong)曹,或(huo)為(wei)男子女子,或(huo)為(wei)文武(wu)官宰,或(huo)為(wei)都(dou)大(da)元師(shi)(shi),或(huo)為(wei)教師(shi)(shi)禪師(shi)(shi),或(huo)為(wei)風師(shi)(shi)雨(yu)師(shi)(shi),神通無(wu)(wu)量(liang),功(gong)行(xing)無(wu)(wu)窮,尋(xun)(xun)聲救(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku),應(ying)物隨機(ji)。”
“此圣(sheng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)天呼(hu)(hu)太一福神,在(zai)(zai)(zai)世呼(hu)(hu)為(wei)(wei)大(da)慈仁者,在(zai)(zai)(zai)地獄呼(hu)(hu)為(wei)(wei)日(ri)耀帝君,在(zai)(zai)(zai)外道(dao)攝耶呼(hu)(hu)為(wei)(wei)獅子明王,在(zai)(zai)(zai)水府呼(hu)(hu)為(wei)(wei)洞洲帝君。”若遇到困難(nan),只要祈禱天尊或“誦念圣(sheng)號”,即可(ke)“解憂(you)排難(nan),化兇為(wei)(wei)吉”,亦可(ke)“功(gong)行圓滿,天日(ri)升天”。
至于天尊的形象(xiang),《道教靈驗記》描(miao)繪道:端坐于九色蓮花座,周(zhou)圍有九頭獅(shi)(shi)子(zi)口吐火焰,簇擁寶(bao)座,頭上環繞(rao)九色神(shen)光(guang),放射萬丈光(guang)芒(mang),眾(zhong)多(duo)真人、力士、金剛神(shen)王(wang)、金童(tong)玉女恃衛在(zai)他身(shen)旁。其誕辰日為農歷(li)的十一月十一日,相傳民(min)間的《拔度血湖寶(bao)懺》是他傳授的。又《青玄濟煉鐵罐(guan)施自全集》稱他:身(shen)騎九頭獅(shi)(shi)子(zi),手持(chi)楊柳灑瓊(qiong)漿以救(jiu)苦(ku)度亡(wang),“東極青華妙嚴宮,紫(zi)霧霞光(guang)徹太空;千朵蓮花映寶(bao)座,九頭獅(shi)(shi)子(zi)出(chu)云(yun)中;南極丹臺開寶(bao)笈,北都玄禁破(po)羅豐;唯愿(yuan)垂光(guang)來救(jiu)苦(ku),眾(zhong)等稽首禮慈窖;施食(shi)功德不思議,孤魂滯(zhi)魄早(zao)超升(sheng)”。
對于天(tian)尊(zun)的(de)神(shen)職(zhi),《漂(piao)放蓮燈(deng)集·放生咒》曰:“天(tian)羅(luo)神(shen),地羅(luo)神(shen),慧劍出鞘斬妖(yao)精,一(yi)(yi)切災難化為(wei)塵(chen),尋聲(sheng)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)解救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)羅(luo)網苦(ku)(ku)辛,太(tai)(tai)(tai)乙救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)天(tian)尊(zun)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)難度眾生。”《靈寶無量度人上(shang)經大法》卷五七曰:“太(tai)(tai)(tai)一(yi)(yi)尋聲(sheng)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)天(tian)尊(zun)主煉仙(xian)魄(po)”和“太(tai)(tai)(tai)一(yi)(yi)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)天(tian)尊(zun)隨形(xing)赴感,尋聲(sheng)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)天(tian)尊(zun)應(ying)念(nian)垂慈。”道經還稱(cheng)東極青玄上(shang)帝即化太(tai)(tai)(tai)乙救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)天(tian)尊(zun),又應(ying)化十(shi)方,而為(wei)十(shi)方救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)天(tian)尊(zun)。《十(shi)王告簡(jian)全集》中即列有十(shi)方救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)天(tian)尊(zun)的(de)職(zhi)能,稱(cheng):
東方玉寶皇上天尊:“位(wei)列震宮,尊居卯位(wei),執掌風雷地獄(yu),權衡霹(pi)靂之威,行(xing)善者作于青篇(pian),作惡者標(biao)于黑(hei)簿,考察(cha)無私。
南(nan)方(fang)玄(xuan)真萬(wan)福天尊:“位列離宮,尊居午(wu)位,執掌火醫地獄,威專烈焰之(zhi)權,杳杳冥譴(qian),莫破幽之(zhi)燭,茫茫苦(ku)梅,難(nan)逢濟險之(zhi)舟(zhou),生死殊(shu)途,輪目不(bu)免。”
西方太妙(miao)至極(ji)天尊(zun):“位列兌宮,尊(zun)居(ju)酉位,執掌金鋼地獄(yu),威司考掠之權,詮(quan)量功德,了無(wu)毫發之私,報對(dui)冤仇(chou),備極(ji)再三(san)之間,善篇有記(ji),罪積無(wu)差。
北(bei)方玄上(shang)玉宸天(tian)尊(zun):“位(wei)居坎宮,尊(zun)居子位(wei),執掌冥(ming)冷地(di)獄,權衡冰(bing)雪之威(wei),城峙四(si)同(tong)之鐵,欲(yu)出無門,劍生萬(wan)樹之傍,實觀(guan)有懼(ju),眾生無賴(lai),五苦難(nan)逃。
東北方度(du)仙(xian)上圣天尊:“位列(lie)艮宮(gong),尊居丑(chou)位,執掌鑊揚地獄,威張煮(zhu)潰之(zhi)(zhi)權,七情六欲,難逃(tao)業境之(zhi)(zhi)分明(ming),五體(ti)四肢,最(zui)苦風(feng)月之(zhi)(zhi)持掠,死生(sheng)判注,善惡攸(you)分。”
東南方(fang)好生度命(ming)天尊:“位列巽宮,尊居(ju)幽(you)府,執(zhi)掌(zhang)銅柱(zhu)地獄,威(wei)專履足之(zhi)刑(xing),辯明善惡,如(ru)日月之(zhi)無私(si),注(zhu)判姓(xing)名,若風雷之(zhi)莫測。凡有(you)眾生,難逃六(liu)道。”
西(xi)南方太(tai)靈虛皇天尊:“位列(lie)坤宮,尊居(ju)泉曲(qu),執掌屠割(ge)地獄,威權刀(dao)割(ge)之刑,無偏無黨,賞刑罰于(yu)多劫千生,難理(li)難明(ming),辨枉直于(yu)四甸九日,死生展轉(zhuan),功德定(ding)分(fen)。”
西(xi)北方無(wu)量(liang)太華天尊:“位(wei)列乾宮,尊居陰府(fu),執掌(zhang)火車地獄,威司運轉之權,設衡石(shi)而考功過(guo),平等無(wu)私,主(zhu)夙人以判升(sheng)沉,磨研有當,無(wu)私無(wu)曲,不順不逆(ni)。”
上方玉(yu)虛明皇(huang)天(tian)尊:“敕合乾元,德隆(long)坤域,執掌昔(xi)掠(lve)地獄(yu),威(wei)張熾盛之(zhi)(zhi)權,三(san)百六(liu)甸(dian)之(zhi)(zhi)黜陟,事(shi)事(shi)難明,一十(shi)八地獄(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)經由(you),人人戰栗(li),凡積愆(qian)于平(ping)日(ri),必定罪于斯時,九地輪目,三(san)途往返。”
下方真皇(huang)洞神天尊:“位尊幽都,名(ming)尊十帝,執(zhi)掌羅豐(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)府,權衡憲法之(zhi)(zhi)嚴,有生有死(si),兩分而入之(zhi)(zhi)機(ji),無(wu)黨無(wu)偏,三等幽冥(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)持,他(ta)時所造,此際何(he)逃。”
上述諸天尊的神(shen)性職守,已體現出地府(fu)冥王(wang)(wang)的職能。為了(le)治理(li)九幽冥府(fu)神(shen)鬼之(zhi)事,十方救苦天尊還(huan)化(hua)十方冥王(wang)(wang)、真君。
東方玉寶皇上天尊化冥(ming)府(fu)一殿(dian)泰素妙廣(guang)真君秉廣(guang)大(da)王,神居玄冥(ming)宮(gong),神誕二月一日。