《九(jiu)成宮醴泉銘》是(shi)唐(tang)貞觀(guan)六年(632)由魏征(zheng)撰(zhuan)文、書(shu)法(fa)家(jia)歐陽詢書(shu)丹而成的楷書(shu)書(shu)法(fa)作品(碑(bei)刻者不可考)。現存于陜西麟游縣碑(bei)亭景(jing)區。
《九成宮醴(li)泉(quan)銘》敘述了“九成宮”的(de)(de)(de)來(lai)歷(li)和其(qi)建筑的(de)(de)(de)雄偉壯觀(guan),歌頌了唐(tang)太宗的(de)(de)(de)武功(gong)文治和節儉精神,介(jie)紹了宮城(cheng)內(nei)發現醴(li)泉(quan)的(de)(de)(de)經過,并(bing)刊(kan)引典籍說明醴(li)泉(quan)的(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)現是(shi)由于“天子令德”所(suo)致,最后提出(chu)(chu)“居(ju)高思墜,持滿戒盈”的(de)(de)(de)諫(jian)諍之言。
《九(jiu)成宮醴泉銘》結體(ti)修長,中宮收緊,四邊開(kai)張,左(zuo)斂右(you)縱,化險為夷。字形隨勢賦形,左(zuo)右(you)結構作相背(bei)之勢,上(shang)下(xia)結構上(shang)窄下(xia)寬,間架開(kai)闊穩定(ding),氣象莊嚴(yan)。其布白勻整,字距、行距疏朗,為九(jiu)宮最準(zhun)者,全(quan)碑血脈暢(chang)通,氣韻蕭然。
《九成宮(gong)醴泉銘》是歐陽(yang)詢晚年經意之(zhi)作,歷來為(wei)學書(shu)者(zhe)推崇,視為(wei)楷(kai)書(shu)正(zheng)(zheng)宗,被后世(shi)譽為(wei)“天下第一楷(kai)書(shu)”或“天下第一正(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)”。
秘書監檢(jian)校侍中鉅鹿(lu)郡公臣魏徵奉敕撰
維(wei)貞觀六年(nian)孟夏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月,皇(huang)帝避暑(shu)乎九(jiu)成之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宮(gong),此(ci)則(ze)(ze)(ze)隋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仁壽(shou)宮(gong)也(ye)(ye)。冠山(shan)抗殿,絕壑為(wei)(wei)(wei)池(chi),跨水(shui)架楹,分(fen)巖聳闕,高閣(ge)周建(jian),長廊四起,棟宇膠葛,臺(tai)榭(xie)參差。仰視則(ze)(ze)(ze)迢遞百(bai)尋,下(xia)臨則(ze)(ze)(ze)崢嶸(rong)千仞,珠璧交映(ying),金(jin)碧相暉,照灼云霞,蔽虧(kui)日(ri)月。觀其(qi)移山(shan)回澗,窮泰極(ji)侈(chi),以(yi)(yi)人(ren)從(cong)欲,良足(zu)深(shen)(shen)尤(you)。至于(yu)(yu)(yu)炎(yan)景(jing)流金(jin),無(wu)郁(yu)蒸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi),微風徐動,有凄清之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)涼,信安(an)體之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)佳所(suo)(suo),誠養(yang)(yang)神之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勝(sheng)地(di),漢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甘泉(quan)不(bu)能尚也(ye)(ye)。皇(huang)帝爰在弱冠,經營四方(fang),逮(dai)乎立(li)年(nian),撫臨億兆,始(shi)以(yi)(yi)武功壹海內,終(zhong)以(yi)(yi)文(wen)德懷(huai)遠人(ren)。東越青丘,南(nan)逾丹徼(jiao),皆獻琛(chen)奉贄(zhi),重譯來王(wang)(wang),西暨輪臺(tai),北拒(ju)玄(xuan)闕,并地(di)列州縣,人(ren)充編戶。氣(qi)淑年(nian)和(he),邇安(an)遠肅(su),群(qun)生咸遂(sui),靈貺畢臻,雖(sui)藉二儀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功,終(zhong)資一人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慮(lv)。遺身利(li)物,櫛風沐雨,百(bai)姓為(wei)(wei)(wei)心,憂勞成疾(ji)(ji),同堯肌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)臘(la),甚禹足(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)胼胝,針石屢加(jia),腠理(li)猶滯。爰居京(jing)室,每弊炎(yan)暑(shu),群(qun)下(xia)請建(jian)離(li)宮(gong),庶可(ke)(ke)怡(yi)神養(yang)(yang)性。圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)上(shang)(shang)愛(ai)一夫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力,惜(xi)十(shi)家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產,深(shen)(shen)閉(bi)固拒(ju),未肯俯(fu)從(cong)。以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)隨(sui)氏舊宮(gong),營于(yu)(yu)(yu)曩代,棄(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則(ze)(ze)(ze)可(ke)(ke)惜(xi),毀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則(ze)(ze)(ze)重勞,事(shi)貴(gui)因(yin)循,何(he)必(bi)改(gai)作。于(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)斫雕為(wei)(wei)(wei)樸(pu),損之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)又(you)損,去其(qi)泰甚,葺其(qi)頹(tui)壞(huai),雜丹墀以(yi)(yi)沙(sha)礫,間粉壁以(yi)(yi)涂(tu)泥,玉砌(qi)接于(yu)(yu)(yu)土階,茅茨續于(yu)(yu)(yu)瓊室。仰觀壯麗,可(ke)(ke)作鑒于(yu)(yu)(yu)既往,俯(fu)察卑儉,足(zu)垂(chui)訓(xun)于(yu)(yu)(yu)后昆。此(ci)所(suo)(suo)謂至人(ren)無(wu)為(wei)(wei)(wei),大圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)作,彼竭其(qi)力,我享其(qi)功者也(ye)(ye)。然(ran)昔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)池(chi)沼,咸引谷(gu)澗,宮(gong)城之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內,本乏水(shui)源,求而無(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),在乎一物,既非人(ren)力所(suo)(suo)致(zhi),圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)心懷(huai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)忘。粵以(yi)(yi)四月甲(jia)申朔旬有六日(ri)己亥,上(shang)(shang)及中(zhong)宮(gong),歷覽臺(tai)觀,閑步(bu)西城之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陰,躊躇高閣(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia),俯(fu)察厥土,微覺(jue)有潤,因(yin)而以(yi)(yi)杖導之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),有泉(quan)隨(sui)而涌出(chu),乃承以(yi)(yi)石檻,引為(wei)(wei)(wei)一渠。其(qi)清若鏡,味(wei)甘如(ru)醴(li),南(nan)注丹霄(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)右,東流度于(yu)(yu)(yu)雙(shuang)闕,貫穿青瑣(suo),縈帶(dai)紫房(fang),激揚清波,滌(di)蕩瑕穢,可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)導養(yang)(yang)正(zheng)性,可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)澄(cheng)瑩心神。鑒映(ying)群(qun)形,潤生萬(wan)物,同湛恩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)竭,將玄(xuan)澤于(yu)(yu)(yu)常(chang)流,匪(fei)唯(wei)乾(qian)象之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精(jing),蓋(gai)亦坤靈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寶。謹案:《禮緯(wei)》云:王(wang)(wang)者刑殺當(dang)罪,賞錫當(dang)功,得禮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜,則(ze)(ze)(ze)醴(li)泉(quan)出(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)闕庭。《鹖冠子》曰:圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德,上(shang)(shang)及太清,下(xia)及太寧,中(zhong)及萬(wan)靈,則(ze)(ze)(ze)醴(li)泉(quan)出(chu)。《瑞應圖》曰:王(wang)(wang)者純和(he),飲食不(bu)貢(gong)獻,則(ze)(ze)(ze)醴(li)泉(quan)出(chu),飲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)人(ren)壽(shou)。《東觀漢記(ji)》曰:光武中(zhong)元元年(nian),醴(li)泉(quan)出(chu)京(jing)師,飲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者痼疾(ji)(ji)皆愈。然(ran)則(ze)(ze)(ze)神物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)來,寔扶明圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),既可(ke)(ke)蠲茲(zi)沉痼,又(you)將延彼遐齡。是(shi)以(yi)(yi)百(bai)辟卿士,相趨動色,我后固懷(huai)撝挹(yi),推而弗(fu)有,雖(sui)休勿休,不(bu)徒聞于(yu)(yu)(yu)往昔,以(yi)(yi)祥為(wei)(wei)(wei)懼,實取驗于(yu)(yu)(yu)當(dang)今。斯乃上(shang)(shang)帝玄(xuan)符,天子令(ling)德,豈臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末學所(suo)(suo)能丕顯。但職在記(ji)言,屬茲(zi)書事(shi),不(bu)可(ke)(ke)使國之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盛美,有遺典策,敢陳(chen)實錄(lu),爰勒斯銘。其(qi)詞曰:
唯皇(huang)撫運,奄壹(yi)寰宇(yu),千載(zai)膺期,萬物斯睹,功高大(da)(da)舜,勤深伯(bo)禹,絕后承前,登三邁五(wu)。握機蹈矩,乃圣乃神,武克禍亂,文懷(huai)遠人,書(shu)契未(wei)紀,開辟(pi)不臣,冠(guan)冕并襲(xi),琛贄咸陳。大(da)(da)道無(wu)名,上德(de)(de)不德(de)(de),玄功潛運,幾深莫測(ce),鑿井(jing)而飲,耕(geng)田而食,靡謝天功,安知帝(di)力(li)。上天之(zhi)(zhi)載(zai),無(wu)臭(chou)無(wu)聲,萬類(lei)資始(shi),品(pin)物流(liu)形,隨感變質,應德(de)(de)效(xiao)靈,介(jie)焉如響,赫赫明明。雜沓景福,葳蕤繁祉,云氏龍(long)官,龜圖鳳紀,日含五(wu)色(se),烏呈三趾,頌不輟(chuo)工(gong),筆(bi)無(wu)停(ting)史。上善降祥,上智(zhi)斯悅,流(liu)謙潤下,潺湲(yuan)皎潔,萍旨(zhi)醴甘(gan),冰凝(ning)鏡澈,用之(zhi)(zhi)日新,挹之(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)竭(jie)。道隨時(shi)泰,慶(qing)與泉(quan)流(liu),我(wo)(wo)后夕惕,雖休弗休,居(ju)崇茅宇(yu),樂不般游,黃屋非貴,天下為憂。人玩其華,我(wo)(wo)取其實,還(huan)淳反(fan)本(ben),代文以質,居(ju)高思墜,持滿(man)戒溢,念茲在茲,永保貞吉(ji)。
兼太子(zi)率更令勃海男臣歐(ou)陽詢奉敕(chi)書。
唐(tang)貞(zhen)(zhen)觀(guan)五年(nian)(nian)(631),太(tai)(tai)宗(zong)(zong)皇(huang)(huang)帝李(li)世(shi)民命令(ling)修復隋(sui)(sui)文帝之(zhi)(zhi)仁壽(shou)宮(gong)(gong)(gong),后改(gai)(gai)名(ming)為(wei)(wei)九(jiu)成(cheng)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)。翌(yi)年(nian)(nian),太(tai)(tai)宗(zong)(zong)皇(huang)(huang)帝來到九(jiu)成(cheng)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)避暑,在游覽宮(gong)(gong)(gong)中臺觀(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)時,偶(ou)然發(fa)現一清泉(quan),欣(xin)喜(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)余,下(xia)令(ling)由魏徵撰(zhuan)文,歐陽(yang)詢書寫,于貞(zhen)(zhen)觀(guan)六年(nian)(nian)(632)刻碑。按《唐(tang)書》:“貞(zhen)(zhen)觀(guan)中改(gai)(gai)隋(sui)(sui)仁壽(shou)官(guan)為(wei)(wei)九(jiu)成(cheng)宮(gong)(gong)(gong),水徽中又(you)改(gai)(gai)為(wei)(wei)萬年(nian)(nian)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)。宮(gong)(gong)(gong)在岐山,開(kai)皇(huang)(huang)十三年(nian)(nian)楊素所治。”九(jiu)成(cheng)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)乃隋(sui)(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)仁壽(shou)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)也,魏為(wei)(wei)此(ci)銘,亦欲(yu)太(tai)(tai)宗(zong)(zong)以隋(sui)(sui)為(wei)(wei)戒(jie),可以見魏之(zhi)(zhi)志也。《弇(yan)州山人稿》載,魏征文有箴規太(tai)(tai)宗(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)意,故末云:“居高思墜,持(chi)滿戒(jie)溢。”
歐(ou)(ou)陽詢(557—641),潭州臨湘(今湖南長沙)人,字信本,唐代書法家、文學家,“楷書四大家”之(zhi)一(yi),與虞世南、褚遂良、薛稷并稱(cheng)為“唐初四大家”,與虞世南并稱(cheng)“歐(ou)(ou)虞”。歐(ou)(ou)陽詢的書法造詣極高,其(qi)楷書法度嚴謹,正中見險,骨氣勁峭,被稱(cheng)之(zhi)為“唐人楷書第一(yi)”,后世稱(cheng)為“歐(ou)(ou)體”。其(qi)傳(chuan)世碑(bei)(bei)(bei)刻有《房彥謙碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》、《九成宮(gong)醴(li)泉銘》、《皇(huang)甫誕碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》、《虞恭公碑(bei)(bei)(bei)》、《化度寺邕禪(chan)師(shi)塔銘》等(deng);存世墨(mo)跡有《夢奠(dian)帖》、《卜商帖》、《張翰帖》等(deng);編著《藝文類(lei)聚》一(yi)百卷。
《九成宮(gong)醴泉銘》的點畫風(feng)格(ge)主要有三個:瘦硬、秀麗(li)、溫潤。這三者不是截然分開的,而(er)是在一(yi)筆或一(yi)字之內同(tong)時表現出(chu)這些風(feng)格(ge)。
《九(jiu)成宮醴泉銘》屬(shu)于瘦(shou)硬書風。它(ta)的(de)點畫比瘦(shou)金體(ti)粗(cu),比顏體(ti)字瘦(shou),在(zai)肥(fei)瘦(shou)方面處(chu)于適(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)狀態。書法(fa)講求(qiu)筆(bi)(bi)力,筆(bi)(bi)力通過“骨”來實現(xian)。太(tai)肥(fei)容易無骨,太(tai)瘦(shou)骨易“折(zhe)斷”,肥(fei)瘦(shou)適(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)、骨肉勻稱對于表(biao)現(xian)筆(bi)(bi)力較(jiao)為適(shi)(shi)合(he)。
如(ru)果說(shuo)(shuo)瘦硬指《九成宮(gong)醴泉銘》點(dian)畫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陽(yang)剛(gang)(gang)(gang)之(zhi)美(mei)(mei)(mei),那么(me),秀麗則是(shi)(shi)形容(rong)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陰柔(rou)之(zhi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)。《九成宮(gong)醴泉銘》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)秀麗主(zhu)要體(ti)現在(zai)圓(yuan)(yuan)筆和修長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)筆畫中(zhong)(zhong)。例如(ru),“公(gong)(gong)”字的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)二、第(di)(di)五兩點(dian),不是(shi)(shi)一(yi)味地剛(gang)(gang)(gang)狠,而是(shi)(shi)方圓(yuan)(yuan)兼(jian)備,給人以溫(wen)厚含(han)蓄(xu)之(zhi)感。“公(gong)(gong)”字的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)其他三點(dian)則呈三角形,有棱(leng)有角,英氣逼人。但(dan)(dan)由于(yu)第(di)(di)二、第(di)(di)五兩筆的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)和作用(yong),整(zheng)個(ge)字就不至(zhi)于(yu)悍(han)厲和粗獷。修長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)筆畫特別是(shi)(shi)長撇、長捺容(rong)易產生(sheng)秀色(se),這一(yi)點(dian)甚至(zhi)在(zai)雄(xiong)強(qiang)、粗獷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)龍(long)門四品中(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)能得到體(ti)現。在(zai)《九成宮(gong)醴泉銘》中(zhong)(zhong),“暑”字的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長撇,起(qi)筆半藏(zang)鋒(feng),帶有一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弧度,方圓(yuan)(yuan)兼(jian)備,筆勢綿延,猶如(ru)武士刀(dao),給人一(yi)種(zhong)婉轉(zhuan)秀美(mei)(mei)(mei)、剛(gang)(gang)(gang)柔(rou)相濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)美(mei)(mei)(mei)感。《九成宮(gong)醴泉銘》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)點(dian)畫雖(sui)然兼(jian)具剛(gang)(gang)(gang)柔(rou),但(dan)(dan)相比來說(shuo)(shuo),剛(gang)(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成分多一(yi)些。它是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)和書風中(zhong)(zhong)略微偏陽(yang)剛(gang)(gang)(gang)之(zhi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)那種(zhong),這一(yi)點(dian)劉(liu)熙載曾有論述。劉(liu)熙載說(shuo)(shuo)“善學歐(ou)者威而不猛”,這是(shi)(shi)說(shuo)(shuo)歐(ou)楷屬于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)和之(zhi)美(mei)(mei)(mei);又說(shuo)(shuo)“歐(ou)之(zhi)為鷹隼易知”,這是(shi)(shi)說(shuo)(shuo)歐(ou)楷偏于(yu)陽(yang)剛(gang)(gang)(gang)之(zhi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)。
《九成宮醴泉(quan)銘》的溫(wen)潤(run)是(shi)(shi)溫(wen)厚且(qie)潤(run)。溫(wen)厚是(shi)(shi)圓筆或藏鋒造成的藝術效(xiao)果(guo),潤(run)是(shi)(shi)指墨法。晉唐基本用濃(nong)(nong)墨,因(yin)為黑(hei)白(bai)對比強(qiang)(qiang)烈,所以(yi)實用性最強(qiang)(qiang)。墨太濃(nong)(nong)則筆滯,按筆處易現臃腫,所以(yi)要加適量的水,造成濃(nong)(nong)而潤(run)的效(xiao)果(guo)——既不臃腫,也不漫(man)漶。現見到(dao)的《九成宮醴泉(quan)銘》一般都是(shi)(shi)拓本,黑(hei)底白(bai)字,其實看不出(chu)用墨的濃(nong)(nong)淡燥潤(run)。但(dan)根據(ju)當(dang)時的用墨情況,再(zai)加上欣賞者的想象活動,點畫的濃(nong)(nong)潤(run)很容易感受得到(dao)。
《九成宮(gong)醴(li)泉(quan)銘》結字(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)第一個(ge)特點是(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)正(zheng)(zheng),平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)正(zheng)(zheng)與(yu)(yu)端莊意思差不(bu)(bu)多,是(shi)篆書(shu)、隸書(shu)、楷書(shu)等靜態書(shu)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)共同特點。孫過庭《書(shu)譜》云:“初學分(fen)布(bu),但(dan)(dan)求平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)正(zheng)(zheng);既(ji)知平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)正(zheng)(zheng),務(wu)追險絕(jue);既(ji)能險絕(jue),復歸平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)正(zheng)(zheng)。”《九成宮(gong)醴(li)泉(quan)銘》有平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)正(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點,但(dan)(dan)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)正(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)“初學分(fen)布(bu)”意義(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)正(zheng)(zheng),而是(shi)“既(ji)能險絕(jue)”之(zhi)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)正(zheng)(zheng),即平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)正(zheng)(zheng)與(yu)(yu)險絕(jue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)統一。這又(you)(you)分(fen)為兩(liang)種(zhong)情(qing)況:正(zheng)(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)含奇和(he)奇不(bu)(bu)失(shi)正(zheng)(zheng)。例如《九成宮(gong)醴(li)泉(quan)銘》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)個(ge)“飲”字(zi)(zi)(zi)。在左(zuo)邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)“飲”中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),“欠(qian)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)最后(hou)一筆寫成了(le)反捺(na),與(yu)(yu)撇畫(hua)距離(li)稍遠,從(cong)而將欹側之(zhi)勢拉正(zheng)(zheng)。在右(you)邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)“飲”中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),“欠(qian)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)最后(hou)一筆寫成了(le)直捺(na),因其“重量”較大,與(yu)(yu)撇畫(hua)相(xiang)接(jie)就(jiu)能保證正(zheng)(zheng)勢。這兩(liang)個(ge)字(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),“食”都(dou)是(shi)正(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de),“欠(qian)”都(dou)呈(cheng)左(zuo)傾之(zhi)勢,整(zheng)個(ge)字(zi)(zi)(zi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)正(zheng)(zheng)而不(bu)(bu)失(shi)活潑,這是(shi)正(zheng)(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)含奇的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)個(ge)字(zi)(zi)(zi)例。再如“武”字(zi)(zi)(zi),戈鉤(gou)與(yu)(yu)右(you)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)打點造成左(zuo)傾之(zhi)勢,但(dan)(dan)左(zuo)邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)三橫左(zuo)低右(you)高,撐住了(le)這種(zhong)險情(qing);同時,“止”的(de)(de)(de)(de)短橫不(bu)(bu)是(shi)右(you)昂,而是(shi)向右(you)下頓,又(you)(you)在一定程(cheng)度(du)上撥正(zheng)(zheng)了(le)三橫的(de)(de)(de)(de)斜勢;所以,整(zheng)個(ge)字(zi)(zi)(zi)構成了(le)奇中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)求正(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)典范。又(you)(you)如“分(fen)”字(zi)(zi)(zi),每一筆都(dou)是(shi)斜的(de)(de)(de)(de),但(dan)(dan)整(zheng)個(ge)字(zi)(zi)(zi)卻顯得(de)很正(zheng)(zheng),這也(ye)是(shi)險中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)求穩的(de)(de)(de)(de)結體。
《九成(cheng)宮醴泉(quan)銘》結字(zi)的(de)(de)(de)第二個特點是緊(jin)(jin)結,即內(nei)緊(jin)(jin)外(wai)松或內(nei)密(mi)外(wai)疏(shu)。筆(bi)畫往(wang)中(zhong)宮靠攏,向四周(zhou)放射(she),也(ye)稱為輻射(she)性(xing)結體。《九成(cheng)宮醴泉(quan)銘》中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)“叅(can)”“成(cheng)”等字(zi)是緊(jin)(jin)結風(feng)格的(de)(de)(de)代表。“叅(can)”字(zi)的(de)(de)(de)撇(pie)、捺、豎等筆(bi)畫都非常(chang)明顯(xian)地(di)往(wang)中(zhong)宮簇擁,而撇(pie)、捺又八(ba)字(zi)分(fen)散,顯(xian)得很舒展。“成(cheng)”字(zi)的(de)(de)(de)短橫(heng)、橫(heng)折(zhe)鉤(gou)、戈鉤(gou)和最后一(yi)點也(ye)是往(wang)中(zhong)心聚攏,而戈鉤(gou)修長,向左(zuo)上和右下輻射(she),緊(jin)(jin)結給人以(yi)挺拔(ba)(ba)、舒展之(zhi)感(gan)。此外(wai),《九成(cheng)宮醴泉(quan)銘》的(de)(de)(de)豎筆(bi)一(yi)般呈背勢,更(geng)增添了字(zi)的(de)(de)(de)挺拔(ba)(ba)之(zhi)感(gan)。
《九(jiu)成(cheng)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)醴(li)(li)(li)(li)泉(quan)銘》結字的(de)(de)第三(san)個特點是(shi)縱長(chang)(chang)。《九(jiu)成(cheng)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)醴(li)(li)(li)(li)泉(quan)銘》多取(qu)背勢(shi),這是(shi)隸(li)意(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)一種(zhong)(zhong)體(ti)現(xian)。因(yin)為(wei)帶(dai)有(you)隸(li)意(yi)(yi),所以(yi)《九(jiu)成(cheng)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)醴(li)(li)(li)(li)泉(quan)銘》具有(you)高古的(de)(de)特點。但事(shi)實上,《九(jiu)成(cheng)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)醴(li)(li)(li)(li)泉(quan)銘》不僅帶(dai)有(you)隸(li)意(yi)(yi),還帶(dai)有(you)篆意(yi)(yi),這里的(de)(de)篆意(yi)(yi)指的(de)(de)是(shi)小(xiao)篆的(de)(de)筆意(yi)(yi)。它(ta)有(you)多種(zhong)(zhong)表現(xian),例(li)如全用中(zhong)鋒、圓(yuan)起圓(yuan)收、粗細一致、使轉處為(wei)圓(yuan)轉、結體(ti)多向(xiang)勢(shi)、字形修長(chang)(chang)等等。《九(jiu)成(cheng)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)醴(li)(li)(li)(li)泉(quan)銘》的(de)(de)篆意(yi)(yi)主要體(ti)現(xian)在結體(ti)的(de)(de)縱長(chang)(chang)上,歐陽(yang)詢將字形拉長(chang)(chang),既是(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)創新(xin),又(you)是(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)復(fu)歸——向(xiang)小(xiao)篆結體(ti)的(de)(de)復(fu)歸。由于兼備(bei)篆隸(li)筆意(yi)(yi),因(yin)此《九(jiu)成(cheng)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)醴(li)(li)(li)(li)泉(quan)銘》更增添了(le)古意(yi)(yi)。
《九成(cheng)宮(gong)醴(li)泉銘(ming)》是(shi)奉敕之作,為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)莊(zhuang)重和(he)嚴(yan)肅,必然會對碑石的(de)大(da)(da)小、碑文的(de)內容(rong)和(he)字(zi)數等情況進(jin)行全面了(le)解(jie),并打好(hao)界格(確定(ding)字(zi)的(de)大(da)(da)小)。書丹前的(de)這些(xie)準備工作其實(shi)并不屬于章法,但會影響到章法。它對章法的(de)直接影響就(jiu)是(shi)行列問題(ti)。因為(wei)(wei)(wei)劃(hua)好(hao)了(le)方(fang)格,所(suo)以《九成(cheng)宮(gong)醴(li)泉銘(ming)》必然是(shi)縱成(cheng)行、橫成(cheng)列,行距、字(zi)距的(de)差別不會太大(da)(da)。又因為(wei)(wei)(wei)《九成(cheng)宮(gong)醴(li)泉銘(ming)》結體修長,所(suo)以造成(cheng)行距略大(da)(da)于字(zi)距。
《九成(cheng)宮醴泉銘(ming)》章法的第(di)二(er)個(ge)特點(dian)是字形(xing)(xing)大小(xiao)適中(zhong)(zhong)且一(yi)致。在方格中(zhong)(zhong)寫(xie)(xie)字,“如(ru)果把字寫(xie)(xie)小(xiao)了,盡管保持中(zhong)(zhong)正,卻(que)會顯(xian)得(de)(de)全(quan)篇(pian)(pian)空蕩,如(ru)同一(yi)個(ge)瘦(shou)子穿(chuan)著(zhu)一(yi)件肥袍子;如(ru)果把字寫(xie)(xie)大了,又會顯(xian)得(de)(de)全(quan)篇(pian)(pian)擁擠,如(ru)同一(yi)個(ge)胖子穿(chuan)著(zhu)一(yi)件瘦(shou)襖”。因為字形(xing)(xing)大小(xiao)適中(zhong)(zhong),所以(yi)《九成(cheng)宮醴泉銘(ming)》顯(xian)得(de)(de)疏朗(lang)開闊,卻(que)又不至于空蕩似“溺水之(zhi)禽”(王羲之(zhi)語)。
《九成(cheng)宮醴泉銘(ming)》章法的(de)第三個(ge)特點是(shi)(shi)每個(ge)字(zi)的(de)體重(zhong)(zhong)基本相等(deng)。字(zi)的(de)“體重(zhong)(zhong)”是(shi)(shi)視覺(jue)上的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)感,并(bing)不是(shi)(shi)物理的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)。例如上面的(de)“詢”字(zi),左下(xia)方(fang)比(bi)較密,筆畫(hua)相對(dui)細(xi)一(yi)些(xie),右上方(fang)的(de)“勹(bao)”筆畫(hua)相對(dui)粗一(yi)些(xie),所以整個(ge)字(zi)并(bing)不讓人覺(jue)得重(zhong)(zhong)心失衡(heng)。就多個(ge)字(zi)來看,一(yi)般筆畫(hua)少的(de)字(zi)要寫得粗一(yi)些(xie),筆畫(hua)多的(de)字(zi)要寫得細(xi)一(yi)些(xie),這是(shi)(shi)為了(le)保證它們的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)大致(zhi)相等(deng)。
有(you)行有(you)列、大(da)小適(shi)中(zhong)且一致、體重相等可以(yi)說是《九成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)宮醴泉(quan)銘(ming)》章法成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)的(de)基礎。章法的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)自然會使作(zuo)品產生神采的(de)美。神采雖(sui)然不能通過語言充分表達出來,但還是可以(yi)略(lve)微描述。第一,《九成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)宮醴泉(quan)銘(ming)》具有(you)儒(ru)雅的(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)息。儒(ru)雅與士氣(qi)(qi)(qi)、書(shu)卷氣(qi)(qi)(qi)相當(dang),這非(fei)有(you)深厚的(de)學識(shi)不能達到。第二,《九成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)宮醴泉(quan)銘(ming)》具有(you)靜(jing)穆的(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)象。楷書(shu)雖(sui)為靜(jing)態書(shu)體,但這并(bing)不能保證氣(qi)(qi)(qi)象的(de)靜(jing)穆,不少楷書(shu)作(zuo)品特別是現代作(zuo)品常(chang)常(chang)讓人覺(jue)得“火氣(qi)(qi)(qi)”很大(da)。因此(ci),靜(jing)穆主要(yao)源于人的(de)心靈(ling)修(xiu)養。
宋代釋居簡《北集》:“貞(zhen)觀初(chu),歐、虞、褚、薛(xue)以王佐才弄翰(han),追配二王,謹嚴瘦勁,歐陽絕出,流落天壤間(jian)者(zhe)何限(xian),獨《化度寺》《醴泉(quan)銘》最為珍玩。習之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)往往失其(qi)韻(yun)致,但貴(gui)端(duan)莊(zhuang)如木偶死(si)于活處,鮮不為吏牘之(zhi)(zhi)歸,假刻誤人,人亦(yi)罕(han)識(shi)。”
宋代朱長文(wen)《續書斷》:“(歐(ou)陽詢)杰出(chu)當世,顯(xian)名唐初,尺牘(du)所(suo)傳,人以為法,雖戎(rong)狄亦慕(mu)其(qi)聲(sheng)。然觀其(qi)少(shao)時,筆勢尚弱,今廬山有《西(xi)林道場碑》是也;及晚益壯,體力(li)完備(bei),奇巧間發,蓋由學以致之,《九成宮碑》《溫大雅墓銘》是也。”
元代虞集:“楷書之盛,肇自李唐。若歐(ou)、虞、褚、薛,尤其(qi)著者(zhe)也。余謂歐(ou)公當為(wei)(wei)三家(jia)之冠,蓋其(qi)同得(de)右軍運筆之妙(miao)諦。觀此(ci)帖(《醴泉銘》)結構謹嚴,風神(shen)(shen)遒勁,于右軍之神(shen)(shen)氣(qi)骨力兩不相(xiang)悖,實(shi)世之珍(zhen)。但(dan)學(xue)《蘭亭(ting)》面而欲換凡骨者(zhe),曷其(qi)即此(ci)為(wei)(wei)金(jin)丹之供(gong)?”
明代王世貞《弇(yan)州(zhou)山(shan)人(ren)稿》:“趙(zhao)子(zi)固以歐陽率更《化度(du)》《醴泉(quan)》為(wei)楷(kai)法第一(yi)。雖不敢(gan)謂然,然是率更碑中第一(yi)。”又:“信(xin)本書太傷瘦儉(jian),獨(du)《醴泉(quan)銘》道勁之中不失婉潤,猶為(wei)合爾(er)。”
明代陳繼(ji)儒《眉公全集》:“此(ci)帖如深山(shan)至(zhi)人(ren),瘦(shou)硬清寒,而神氣(qi)充腴。能令王公屈(qu)膝,非他刻可方(fang)駕也。”
明代汪砢玉《珊(shan)瑚網》:“歐(ou)陽率(lv)更書,米海岳稱其真到內(nei)史,石刻唯《醴泉銘》《化度(du)寺》二碑特妙。”
明代趙崡(han)《石墨鐫華》:“《醴(li)泉銘(ming)》為正書第一。”
明代詹景鳳《詹氏(shi)玄(xuan)覽編》:“歐(ou)書寒(han)峭,妙(miao)在(zai)瘦勁(jing)而婉。今之學歐(ou)書者,直板硬平。《九成宮醴泉銘》,歐(ou)陽率更(geng)得意書也(ye)。”
明代陳循《芳州集》:“歐陽唐人楷法第一,此(《虞恭(gong)公碑》)與(yu)《化度寺》《九(jiu)成宮醴(li)泉銘》又(you)歐陽書法第一。”
清代郭尚(shang)先(xian)《芳堅館題(ti)跋(ba)》:“(《醴泉(quan)銘》)高華(hua)渾樸,法(fa)方(fang)筆圓,此漢之(zhi)分隸,魏晉之(zhi)楷合并醞(yun)釀而成者,伯施(shi)(虞(yu)世南字(zi)伯施(shi))以外,誰(shui)可抗衡(heng)!”
清(qing)代王澍《竹(zhu)云(yun)題(ti)跋(ba)》:“每見(jian)為率更(geng)(geng)者,方整枯燥,了乏(fa)生韻(yun)。不知率更(geng)(geng)書(shu)風(feng)骨內(nei)柔,神明外朗(lang),清(qing)和秀(xiu)潤,風(feng)韻(yun)絕(jue)人,自右軍來,未有骨秀(xiu)神清(qing)如率更(geng)(geng)者。《醴泉銘》乃(nai)其(qi)奉(feng)詔所作,尤是(shi)絕(jue)用意書(shu),比于《邕師塔銘》,肅括處同,而此更(geng)(geng)朗(lang)暢矣!”
清代(dai)翁方(fang)綱《復初齋文集》:“率(lv)更正書(shu)(shu)《皇甫》《虞恭》皆前(qian)(qian)半(ban)毅力,入后(hou)歸輕斂(lian),雖以(yi)《化度》淳(chun)古無上之(zhi)品,亦后(hou)半(ban)斂(lian)于(yu)前(qian)(qian)半(ban),此其自成筆(bi)格,終身(shen)如一(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)也。唯(wei)《醴泉銘》前(qian)(qian)半(ban)遒勁,后(hou)半(ban)寬和,與諸碑之(zhi)前(qian)(qian)舒后(hou)斂(lian)者(zhe)(zhe)不同(tong)。豈以(yi)奉敕之(zhi)書(shu)(shu)為表瑞(rui)之(zhi)作,抑或(huo)字勢稍大,故不歸斂(lian),而歸于(yu)舒與?要(yao)之(zhi)合其結構(gou)(gou),權其章法(fa),是率(lv)更平(ping)生特出匠意之(zhi)構(gou)(gou),千門萬戶,規矩方(fang)圓(yuan)之(zhi)至者(zhe)(zhe)矣。斯所以(yi)范圍諸家,程(cheng)式百(bai)代(dai)也。善學歐書(shu)(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)終以(yi)師(shi)其淳(chun)古為第一(yi)義,而善學《醴泉》者(zhe)(zhe)正不可不知此義耳。”
清代梁巘《承(cheng)晉齋積(ji)聞(wen)錄》:“歐陽信本《化度》《九成》二碑,猶是學(xue)王書,轉折(zhe)皆(jie)圓。”
清代(dai)蔣衡《拙存堂題跋》:“歐陽信本書直逼(bi)內史,《醴(li)泉銘》尤其(qi)杰作(zuo)其(qi)結構精嚴,縱橫跌宕。”
清代楊賓《大瓢偶(ou)筆》:“信(xin)本(ben)書(shu),余纂入《金石源流》者(zhe)(zhe)八十有二種,而經(jing)余目者(zhe)(zhe)二十有七,此二十七種中《虞恭公墓(mu)志(zhi)銘》為最《邕禪(chan)師(shi)碑》次(ci)(ci)之,《九成宮醴泉(quan)銘》《虞恭公碑》又次(ci)(ci)之。”
清(qing)代楊(yang)守敬(jing)《激(ji)素飛清(qing)閣評碑(bei)記》:“大抵此碑(bei)(《醴(li)泉(quan)銘》)之(zhi)佳,當以米南宮云莊若(ruo)(ruo)對越,俊(jun)若(ruo)(ruo)跳擲(zhi),董(dong)文(wen)敏所云“如造凌云臺(tai),一(yi)皆經(jing)衡量而(er)成。”又其《學書邇言(yan)》:“歐書《虞恭碑(bei)》最為晚年之(zhi)作(zuo),而(er)平正婉和(he),其結體(ti)不似《醴(li)泉(quan)》之(zhi)開(kai)張,亦(yi)不似《皇甫》之(zhi)峻拔(ba)。”
清代歐(ou)陽輔《集古求真》:“此碑(bei)(《醴泉銘(ming)》)最為(wei)世重,歷代評者,俱稱為(wei)楷法第一,故椎拓無虛日,而石(shi)漸(jian)剝落,今石(shi)雖(sui)存,字似魂影(ying)!”
清代康有為《廣藝舟雙(shuang)楫》:“《化(hua)度》《九(jiu)成》氣象較為雍容。”
近代容(rong)庚《叢帖目》:“《九成宮醴(li)泉(quan)銘》圓潔如(ru)珠,溫潤(run)如(ru)玉(yu)。《石(shi)渠寶笈(ji)三(san)編》引王澍語:“奉詔(zhao)作書(shu),尤所經意。又筆力(li)益老,格韻益遒,故(gu)疏古(gu)朗暢,遂(sui)率更書(shu)法之(zhi)冠。”
《九成宮(gong)醴泉銘》被后世譽為“天(tian)下(xia)第一(yi)楷(kai)書”或“天(tian)下(xia)第一(yi)正書”。
歐陽詢人(ren)到中年,書(shu)名播于世,“八體皆能”,至(zhi)其(qi)晚年,其(qi)書(shu)法藝術(shu)水準(zhun)已臻化境,書(shu)《九成宮醴(li)泉銘》時已是76歲(sui),加之(zhi)(zhi)又(you)是奉(feng)敇而作,更(geng)是用心,且(qie)此銘筆力(li)剛勁清秀(xiu),結體險(xian)絕瘦峻,既得北(bei)碑方(fang)正(zheng)峻利(li)之(zhi)(zhi)勢,又(you)有南帖風姿秀(xiu)雅之(zhi)(zhi)韻,故歷代(dai)推為(wei)學(xue)書(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)途、初學(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)典范。諸(zhu)如“正(zheng)書(shu)第(di)一“唐楷之(zhi)(zhi)冠”“翰墨之(zhi)(zhi)冠”“楷書(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)極則(ze)”等美(mei)譽紛至(zhi)沓(ta)來。后(hou)世科舉考(kao)試寫字的取法都以歐體為(wei)考(kao)卷之(zhi)(zhi)準(zhun)繩,足見此書(shu)影響力(li)之(zhi)(zhi)深遠。
《九(jiu)(jiu)成(cheng)宮醴(li)泉銘》不僅是(shi)一部書法碑帖,它記載了(le)(le)李世民(min)(min)在離九(jiu)(jiu)成(cheng)宮組織討(tao)論如何進行(xing)治(zhi)理國家,讓(rang)人民(min)(min)相(xiang)信政(zheng)(zheng)府,并制定了(le)(le)“輕徭薄賦,勵精圖治(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)策略(lve),九(jiu)(jiu)成(cheng)宮的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)也反映了(le)(le)貞(zhen)觀年間的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)方針(zhen)和設(she)計理念。21世紀(ji)中國經濟水平和建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)技術已經不是(shi)古代所(suo)能企及(ji),然(ran)而城(cheng)市建(jian)(jian)設(she)存在著(zhu)貪大、媚洋(yang)、求(qiu)怪,缺乏特(te)色且文(wen)化傳承,由此引發的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)市跟風攀比、指導思想混亂更埋下多重(zhong)隱患。“以銅(tong)為(wei)鑒(jian)可正(zheng)衣冠,以古為(wei)鑒(jian)可知興(xing)衰,以人為(wei)鑒(jian)可以明得失,以史為(wei)鑒(jian)可以知興(xing)替”,雖(sui)然(ran)塵封(feng)已久,九(jiu)(jiu)成(cheng)宮醴(li)泉銘所(suo)記載的(de)(de)(de)工程建(jian)(jian)設(she)理念在現代仍有深刻(ke)的(de)(de)(de)現實意義。
《九成(cheng)(cheng)宮醴泉(quan)銘(ming)》成(cheng)(cheng)于(yu)貞觀六年(nian)(632),立碑(bei)(bei)未久,即為愛好歐書者捶拓,拓本當時已不易得。其(qi)后(hou)年(nian)經代遠(yuan),捶拓者紛至沓來,碑(bei)(bei)字乃損泐漫漶(huan)。所以,碑(bei)(bei)石(shi)因年(nian)久風化,加之(zhi)捶拓過(guo)多,斷(duan)損嚴重,并經后(hou)人多次(ci)開鑿,淺(qian)者深之(zhi),疲者肥之(zhi);久而(er)久之(zhi),幾乎無一(yi)(yi)筆不鑿,以致(zhi)筆畫枯疲,鋒芒全失。現(xian)碑(bei)(bei)座(zuo)已經破損,碑(bei)(bei)首與碑(bei)(bei)身一(yi)(yi)體,存于(yu)陜西麟游縣博物館(guan)。
另外,《九成宮醴泉銘(ming)》有宋拓明(ming)駙馬李祺(qi)本,清初高氏(shi)重新(xin)裝裱。此本筆(bi)畫(hua)豐腴(yu)、字(zi)跡清晰,為(wei)傳世(shi)宋拓最佳者。1956年,張明(ming)善將其捐獻給國家,現(xian)藏于北京故宮博物(wu)院。