歷史沿革
據《安多(duo)政(zheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)史》記(ji)載,早在(zai)元大德(de)五年(nian)(nian)(1301年(nian)(nian)),這里(li)已(yi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)藏傳佛教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)薩迦(jia)派小寺(si) ,至1426年(nian)(nian)前后,當地(di)名僧(seng)(seng)三(san)(san)木(mu)(mu)旦(dan)仁(ren)(ren)欽(qin)與其(qi)胞弟羅哲森(sen)(sen)格(ge),維(wei)修(xiu)并擴建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)了該(gai)寺(si)。三(san)(san)木(mu)(mu)旦(dan)仁(ren)(ren)欽(qin)的(de)(de)祖(zu)父(fu)阿米(mi)拉(la)杰出生(sheng)于(yu)前藏念(nian)唐拉(la)山(shan)下(xia)的(de)(de)丹科絨吾,是一(yi)(yi)(yi)位專修(xiu)明(ming)咒的(de)(de)瑜伽師(shi),并擅長(chang)醫術。他(ta)受(shou)(shou)大元帝(di)師(shi)八(ba)思巴(ba)的(de)(de)差遣,來到(dao)(dao)隆(long)(long)(long)務(wu),其(qi)子(zi)隆(long)(long)(long)欽(qin)多(duo)代(dai)本(ben)為(wei)隆(long)(long)(long)務(wu)土官(guan),生(sheng)有(you)9子(zi),長(chang)子(zi)即為(wei)三(san)(san)木(mu)(mu)旦(dan)仁(ren)(ren)欽(qin)。他(ta)自幼出家,曾拜夏瓊寺(si)(今青(qing)海化隆(long)(long)(long)縣(xian)境(jing)內)創建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)者(zhe)頓珠仁(ren)(ren)欽(qin)為(wei)師(shi),并受(shou)(shou)比(bi)丘戒。頓珠仁(ren)(ren)欽(qin)也是格(ge)魯(lu)派創始(shi)人宗喀巴(ba)的(de)(de)啟(qi)蒙老師(shi)。其(qi)后,三(san)(san)木(mu)(mu)旦(dan)仁(ren)(ren)欽(qin)以當地(di)薩吉達百(bai)戶(hu)為(wei)施(shi)主,正式建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成隆(long)(long)(long)務(wu)寺(si)。三(san)(san)木(mu)(mu)旦(dan)仁(ren)(ren)欽(qin)的(de)(de)胞弟羅哲森(sen)(sen)格(ge),是一(yi)(yi)(yi)位佛學造詣(yi)極深的(de)(de)高僧(seng)(seng),受(shou)(shou)到(dao)(dao)明(ming)宣(xuan)德(de)皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)的(de)(de)器(qi)重,被(bei)封(feng)為(wei)“弘修(xiu)妙悟(wu)”國(guo)師(shi)。從(cong)此(ci),隆(long)(long)(long)務(wu)寺(si)隆(long)(long)(long)務(wu)家族聲名大振,在(zai)隆(long)(long)(long)務(wu)河(he)流域行使(shi)區(qu)域性的(de)(de)政(zheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)合一(yi)(yi)(yi)統(tong)治。其(qi)后,該(gai)家族中又有(you)五人得到(dao)(dao)國(guo)師(shi)封(feng)號。 明(ming)萬歷年(nian)(nian)間(jian)(1573-1620年(nian)(nian)),格(ge)魯(lu)派已(yi)青(qing)海地(di)區(qu)很有(you)影響,隆(long)(long)(long)務(wu)寺(si)遂改宗格(ge)魯(lu)派。在(zai)明(ming)王朝的(de)(de)扶持(chi)下(xia),由(you)該(gai)寺(si)僧(seng)(seng)人與當地(di)群眾建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成大經(jing)(jing)堂。明(ming)天(tian)啟(qi)五年(nian)(nian)(1625)熹宗帝(di)題(ti)“西域勝境(jing)”匾(bian)額,懸于(yu)新建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大經(jing)(jing)堂門首。1607年(nian)(nian),夏日(ri)(ri)倉(cang)噶(ga)丹嘉措誕生(sheng)于(yu)隆(long)(long)(long)務(wu)家族,被(bei)認定(ding)為(wei)三(san)(san)木(mu)(mu)旦(dan)仁(ren)(ren)欽(qin)的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)世(shi)(shi),從(cong)而形成了夏日(ri)(ri)倉(cang)活佛系統(tong)。1630年(nian)(nian),噶(ga)丹嘉措開始(shi)主持(chi)隆(long)(long)(long)務(wu)寺(si),并道(dao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)顯宗經(jing)(jing)院(yuan)。清乾隆(long)(long)(long)三(san)(san)十(shi)二年(nian)(nian)(1767),一(yi)(yi)(yi)世(shi)(shi)夏日(ri)(ri)倉(cang)被(bei)乾隆(long)(long)(long)皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)封(feng)為(wei)“隆(long)(long)(long)務(wu)呼(hu)圖克圖宏修(xiu)妙悟(wu)國(guo)師(shi)”,成為(wei)隆(long)(long)(long)務(wu)寺(si)寺(si)主和隆(long)(long)(long)務(wu)寺(si)所屬(shu)十(shi)二族政(zheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)首領,歷輩轉(zhuan)世(shi)(shi),直到(dao)(dao)全國(guo)解放前,在(zai)同(tong)仁(ren)(ren)地(di)區(qu)行使(shi)區(qu)域性的(de)(de)政(zheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)合一(yi)(yi)(yi)統(tong)治。該(gai)寺(si)于(yu)清雍(yong)正十(shi)二年(nian)(nian)(1734)由(you)第(di)二世(shi)(shi)夏日(ri)(ri)倉(cang)阿旺嘉措建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立密宗學院(yuan),清乾隆(long)(long)(long)三(san)(san)十(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(1773)由(you)第(di)三(san)(san)世(shi)(shi)夏日(ri)(ri)倉(cang)根敦赤列(lie)拉(la)杰創建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)時輪學院(yuan),從(cong)而發(fa)(fa)展成顯密雙修(xiu)的(de)(de)格(ge)魯(lu)派大寺(si),僧(seng)(seng)人最多(duo)時達到(dao)(dao)2300人,曾下(xia)轄有(you)數十(shi)座屬(shu)寺(si),發(fa)(fa)展成為(wei)顯密雙修(xiu)的(de)(de)格(ge)魯(lu)派大寺(si)。
寺廟人文
該寺(si)佛(fo)像、佛(fo)經、佛(fo)塔(ta)等極為豐富(fu),與(yu)格魯派六大(da)寺(si)齊名(ming)。1958年(nian)后關閉,1962年(nian)一度 開放,“文革(ge)”中再(zai)次封閉。1981年(nian)5月10日重新開放,先后重建(jian)了小經堂(tang)、彌勒殿、阿繞倉大(da)師佛(fo)堂(tang)、菩(pu)提塔(ta),八大(da)靈塔(ta)和(he)百柱(zhu)大(da)經堂(tang),并興建(jian)了5座昂欠(qian)和(he)200多院僧(seng)舍,現有寺(si)僧(seng)250余人,活佛(fo)3人,由祁加(jia)活佛(fo)洛(luo)桑圖丹尼瑪(ma)(72歲(sui),曾任(ren)(ren)興海縣人大(da)常(chang)委(wei)(wei)會副主任(ren)(ren))和(he)直格爾活佛(fo)洛(luo)桑卻(que)吉尼瑪(ma)(63歲(sui),現任(ren)(ren)海南州(zhou)政協常(chang)委(wei)(wei))任(ren)(ren)寺(si)主。活佛(fo)普什扎次正(zheng)木,67歲(sui),現任(ren)(ren)興海縣政協副主席。
活佛
賽(sai)(sai)宗寺(si)原來(lai)活(huo)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)眾多(duo),擁(yong)有雄厚的(de)(de)(de)經濟實力。寺(si)主(zhu)阿繞倉(cang)是青海省著名的(de)(de)(de)愛國宗教(jiao)人士,曾任(ren)(ren)青海省政(zheng)協副(fu)主(zhu)席和中(zhong)國佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)協會常務理事。另有祁加(jia)、卡(ka)加(jia)、藏哇倉(cang)、科(ke)乃亥、加(jia)羊(yang)夏(xia)茸(rong)、祁加(jia)夏(xia)茸(rong)、拉加(jia)、加(jia)賽(sai)(sai)、普(pu)什(shen)扎(zha)(zha)次(ci)正木、直(zhi)格(ge)爾、塔秀倉(cang)、德芒倉(cang)、夏(xia)布拉、查(cha)哇倉(cang)、石(shi)乃亥夏(xia)茸(rong)、薩加(jia)、多(duo)仁巴、薩什(shen) 加(jia)、莊有、尕(ga)日美、毛(mao)存、桑洛(luo)等(deng)(deng)活(huo)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)。 公(gong)元1981年(nian)(鐵雞年(nian)) 祁加(jia)第(di)五(wu)世活(huo)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo):洛(luo)桑圖丹尼瑪在(zai)圣地(di)賽(sai)(sai)宗寺(si),重開(kai)法(fa)門宏揚(yang)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)法(fa)。在(zai)集聚先前所(suo)(suo)(suo)剩無(wu)幾的(de)(de)(de)老僧基礎上,招納(na)年(nian)少出家為(wei)僧,組建(jian)僧團,籌建(jian)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)所(suo)(suo)(suo)依等(deng)(deng),逐(zhu)漸重振佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)法(fa)道場,恢復一年(nian)四(si)(si)季中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)所(suo)(suo)(suo)有法(fa)事法(fa)會及講修(xiu)學法(fa)規(gui)俗(su),加(jia)強法(fa)規(gui)義(yi)理,促使佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)法(fa)猶(you)如上玄之月,逐(zhu)漸昌(chang)盛起(qi)來(lai),規(gui)模達到四(si)(si)百多(duo)扎(zha)(zha)倉(cang);新修(xiu)了百柱大殿、文殊殿及怙主(zhu)大殿等(deng)(deng)大量(liang)所(suo)(suo)(suo)依。為(wei)扎(zha)(zha)倉(cang)授傳(chuan)了本尊大威德及馬頭明王等(deng)(deng)神尊的(de)(de)(de)灌頂傳(chuan)承(cheng),寺(si)院中(zhong)所(suo)(suo)(suo)誦經要(yao)都(dou)依照宗喀巴大師(shi)的(de)(de)(de)密乘道次(ci)第(di)廣論進行大規(gui)模授傳(chuan)施法(fa);尊者還將(jiang)自己的(de)(de)(de)所(suo)(suo)(suo)有錢財用于修(xiu)繕寺(si)院的(de)(de)(de)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)所(suo)(suo)(suo)依及扎(zha)(zha)倉(cang)開(kai)支,為(wei)夏(xia)讓六(liu)部落等(deng)(deng)信眾講授佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)法(fa)義(yi)理,擔(dan)任(ren)(ren)興海縣人大副(fu)主(zhu)任(ren)(ren)等(deng)(deng)職,為(wei)當地(di)的(de)(de)(de)民族(zu)團結、發展教(jiao)育等(deng)(deng)做出了重要(yao)貢獻。
人員管理
賽(sai)宗寺(si)(si)(si)原由寺(si)(si)(si)主(zhu)(zhu)阿柔倉總領全寺(si)(si)(si),下設大管(guan)(guan)(guan)家(jia)1人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),總管(guan)(guan)(guan)寺(si)(si)(si)內(nei)外(wai)(wai)事(shi)務(wu)、寺(si)(si)(si)主(zhu)(zhu)昂(ang)欠(qian)及其親眷的(de)(de)有(you)關事(shi)宜。大管(guan)(guan)(guan)家(jia)下設干巴 9人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),分管(guan)(guan)(guan)寺(si)(si)(si)內(nei)外(wai)(wai)有(you)關經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟、對外(wai)(wai)交往、各(ge)種糾紛調處、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)事(shi)任(ren)免等(deng)(deng)。宗教(jiao)方(fang)面(mian),大經(jing)(jing)(jing)堂(tang)內(nei)設活佛1人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),名(ming)“支角乎”,活佛下設僧(seng)(seng)(seng)官1人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),督促僧(seng)(seng)(seng)眾學經(jing)(jing)(jing)、執行寺(si)(si)(si)規,有(you)批準僧(seng)(seng)(seng)眾外(wai)(wai)出念(nian)經(jing)(jing)(jing)等(deng)(deng)權(quan)力,并負(fu)(fu)(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)辦理(li)(li)寺(si)(si)(si)院僧(seng)(seng)(seng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)還(huan)俗和人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)寺(si)(si)(si)手續。與(yu)僧(seng)(seng)(seng)官職(zhi)務(wu)相等(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)有(you)翁(weng)則(ze)2人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),負(fu)(fu)(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)僧(seng)(seng)(seng)眾念(nian)經(jing)(jing)(jing)。僧(seng)(seng)(seng)官和翁(weng)則(ze)下面(mian)設經(jing)(jing)(jing)堂(tang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)家(jia)2人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),負(fu)(fu)(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)經(jing)(jing)(jing)堂(tang)內(nei)點燈(deng)、添神水、供飯、供茶等(deng)(deng);事(shi)務(wu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)家(jia)2人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),負(fu)(fu)(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)眾僧(seng)(seng)(seng)財(cai)產的(de)(de)收支事(shi)務(wu)。除上(shang)述(shu)外(wai)(wai),寺(si)(si)(si)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)昂(ang)欠(qian)內(nei)另(ling)有(you)一(yi)(yi)套組織機構,在(zai)大管(guan)(guan)(guan)家(jia)總領之下,還(huan)設有(you)3名(ming)事(shi)務(wu)小管(guan)(guan)(guan)家(jia),一(yi)(yi)名(ming)負(fu)(fu)(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)昂(ang)欠(qian)的(de)(de)家(jia)務(wu)和起居;一(yi)(yi)名(ming)負(fu)(fu)(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)宰(zai)殺牛羊,供應肉、食品等(deng)(deng);另(ling)一(yi)(yi)名(ming)負(fu)(fu)(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)購(gou)置物(wu)品等(deng)(deng)事(shi)務(wu)。在(zai)事(shi)務(wu)小管(guan)(guan)(guan)家(jia)之下又(you)有(you)20余名(ming)勤雜人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員,分別干具體事(shi)務(wu),這些人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)雖為僧(seng)(seng)(seng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),但(dan)不(bu)識經(jing)(jing)(jing)文,不(bu)參加經(jing)(jing)(jing)堂(tang)活動(dong)。另(ling)外(wai)(wai)昂(ang)欠(qian)內(nei)還(huan)有(you)2名(ming)不(bu)是(shi)僧(seng)(seng)(seng)侶的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)負(fu)(fu)(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),一(yi)(yi)名(ming)負(fu)(fu)(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)昂(ang)欠(qian)的(de)(de)土地,另(ling)一(yi)(yi)名(ming)負(fu)(fu)(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)昂(ang)欠(qian)的(de)(de)牲畜(chu)。
宗教活動
該(gai)寺(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)宗(zong)(zong)教活(huo)動(dong)有(you)四種(zhong)(zhong)形(xing)式,第(di)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)固定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)念(nian)經(jing)(jing)時間(jian),稱(cheng)之為“全經(jing)(jing)堂”,一(yi)(yi)年(nian)有(you)4次(ci),即農(nong)歷正月(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)八日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)十(shi)一(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祈愿法會,四月(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)一(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)一(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)經(jing)(jing)活(huo)動(dong),六月(yue)(yue)(yue)十(shi)五(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)八月(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)一(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)坐夏活(huo)動(dong),十(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)十(shi)三日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)一(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)十(shi)三日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大法會(其間(jian)十(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)十(shi)一(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)十(shi)五(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)為五(wu)供(gong)節)。另外(wai)(wai) 隆務寺(si)(si)每月(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)八、十(shi)、二(er)(er)十(shi)五(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)3天(tian)亦在(zai)經(jing)(jing)堂內舉行(xing)(xing)(xing)經(jing)(jing)事活(huo)動(dong),要(yao)求寺(si)(si)主以下(xia)僧人都必須參(can)加(jia),不得(de)隨便請假或外(wai)(wai)出。經(jing)(jing)事期間(jian)寺(si)(si)院(yuan)周圍劃線為界,不許僧眾越界,禁止(zhi)婦女人寺(si)(si)。第(di)二(er)(er)種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)觀經(jing)(jing)會,主要(yao)舉行(xing)(xing)(xing)跳(tiao)欠(qian)活(huo)動(dong),每年(nian)有(you)2次(ci),一(yi)(yi)次(ci)在(zai)農(nong)歷正月(yue)(yue)(yue)十(shi)一(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)五(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri);另一(yi)(yi)次(ci)在(zai)農(nong)歷三月(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)五(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)。第(di)三種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)辯(bian)經(jing)(jing)會,每年(nian)在(zai)農(nong)歷五(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)十(shi)三日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)十(shi)七日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)舉行(xing)(xing)(xing)。此(ci)間(jian)僧人按經(jing)(jing)文級別(bie)分(fen)層次(ci)辯(bian)論(lun)(lun),辯(bian)論(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優劣作為評定經(jing)(jing)文級別(bie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參(can)考(kao)(kao)依據。第(di)四種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)祭(ji)俄(e)博(bo),在(zai)每年(nian)農(nong)歷五(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)九日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)二(er)(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)舉行(xing)(xing)(xing),除祭(ji)祀(si)活(huo)動(dong)外(wai)(wai),寺(si)(si)僧可盡(jin)情娛樂,如跳(tiao)繩(sheng)、打(da)球(qiu)、下(xia)棋等,并由寺(si)(si)院(yuan)和昂欠(qian)分(fen)別(bie)供(gong)肉飯(fan)1天(tian),類似(si)群(qun)眾過節。賽宗(zong)(zong)寺(si)(si)于1929年(nian)建立顯宗(zong)(zong)學(xue)(xue)院(yuan),內設卡多、堆(dui)仲、堆(dui)欽(qin)、洛柔、達柔、央(yang)薩爾、央(yang)貢、吾瑪(ma)、佐、都哇等16個學(xue)(xue)經(jing)(jing)班(ban)級,系統學(xue)(xue)習佛教有(you)關(guan)因明學(xue)(xue)、般若學(xue)(xue)、中觀學(xue)(xue)、俱(ju)舍學(xue)(xue)、戒律學(xue)(xue)等顯宗(zong)(zong)知識。寺(si)(si)院(yuan)每年(nian)還從西藏(zang)哲蚌寺(si)(si)、甘南拉卜(bu)楞寺(si)(si)及本(ben)省塔(ta)爾寺(si)(si)、隆務寺(si)(si)、石(shi)藏(zang)寺(si)(si)等請來著名(ming)學(xue)(xue)者講學(xue)(xue),學(xue)(xue)風(feng)極盛。本(ben)寺(si)(si)設有(you)“尕龍(long)巴”學(xue)(xue)位,學(xue)(xue)僧獲得(de)“尕龍(long)巴”學(xue)(xue)位,可留(liu)寺(si)(si)任經(jing)(jing)師、管家、干(gan)巴等職,有(you)資(zi)格外(wai)(wai)出念(nian)經(jing)(jing)或考(kao)(kao)取(qu)“格西”學(xue)(xue)位。
歷史資料
賽(sai)宗(zong)寺(si)位(wei)于海南藏族自治州興海縣大(da)(da)河壩鄉南部一公里處。由于賽(sai)宗(zong)山(shan)是僧(seng)侶修(xiu)行的勝地(di)(di),有(you)(you)很多神(shen)奇的佛教(jiao)故事傳說,加之山(shan)勢險峻(jun),蔥籠秀(xiu)麗,山(shan)下河溪清澈,因而(er)成為(wei)僧(seng)侶修(xiu)寺(si)事佛的理想之地(di)(di)。同仁市(shi)隆(long)務(wu)寺(si)第二世(shi)(shi)阿(a)(a)饒(rao)倉大(da)(da)師(shi)洛桑(sang)龍(long)饒(rao)嘉措(cuo)(1860—1886年(nian))曾(ceng)有(you)(you)在(zai)此建(jian)(jian)寺(si)的愿望,但未(wei)能遂愿,在(zai)他原籍(ji)住(zhu)處的墻(qiang)壁上繪有(you)(you)賽(sai)宗(zong)山(shan)地(di)(di)形(xing)及寺(si)院、神(shen)猴等(deng)壁畫。三(san)(san)世(shi)(shi)阿(a)(a)饒(rao)倉大(da)(da)師(shi)洛桑(sang)隆(long)道丹貝堅參(1888—1959年(nian))在(zai)二世(shi)(shi)阿(a)(a)饒(rao)倉大(da)(da)師(shi)的住(zhu)處看到壁畫后,認為(wei)他的前(qian)世(shi)(shi)預示未(wei)來(lai)應(ying)在(zai)此地(di)(di)創建(jian)(jian)寺(si)院。因此,1921年(nian),三(san)(san)世(shi)(shi)阿(a)(a)饒(rao)倉大(da)(da)師(shi)親自來(lai)到賽(sai)宗(zong)山(shan),勘察寺(si)址。第二年(nian)派(pai)更登尖措(cuo)等(deng)四(si)位(wei)山(shan)居者在(zai)此修(xiu)行,1923年(nian)正式建(jian)(jian)寺(si),完成了二世(shi)(shi)阿(a)(a)饒(rao)倉大(da)(da)師(shi)的心愿。
第一(yi)(yi)(yi)世(shi)阿饒(rao)倉·扎巴尖(jian)措與第三世(shi)隆(long)務(wu)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)主夏(xia)日(ri)(ri)倉活(huo)佛(fo)(fo)均被認(ren)定(ding)為二世(shi)夏(xia)日(ri)(ri)倉的轉世(shi)靈(ling)童。從此,阿饒(rao)倉活(huo)佛(fo)(fo)又是隆(long)務(wu)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)的另一(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)活(huo)佛(fo)(fo)。三世(shi)阿饒(rao)倉活(huo)佛(fo)(fo)25歲(sui)時(shi)擔任隆(long)務(wu)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)“赤巴”(法(fa)臺),28歲(sui)時(shi),因六世(shi)夏(xia)日(ri)(ri)倉逝世(shi),一(yi)(yi)(yi)度代理(li)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)主。此后(hou),他開始(shi)籌建賽(sai)宗(zong)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)。1923年(nian)(nian),36歲(sui)的三世(shi)阿饒(rao)倉大(da)師同十(shi)幾位隨從一(yi)(yi)(yi)起來到賽(sai)宗(zong)山(shan),在充(chong)滿吉祥的日(ri)(ri)子里舉行了賽(sai)宗(zong)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)奠基儀式,取寺(si)(si)(si)(si)名為“德欽隆(long)珠(zhu)曲宗(zong)”,意為“大(da)樂任成法(fa)寨”。以(yi)后(hou),隨著寺(si)(si)(si)(si)院的進一(yi)(yi)(yi)步擴展,改寺(si)(si)(si)(si)名為“哲(zhe)嘎爾(er)賽(sai)宗(zong)提頌云丹(dan)達(da)爾(er)杰林”。意為“白巖猴寨聞思功德興隆(long)洲(zhou)”,在當地阿粗乎(hu)千(qian)戶香山(shan)木、萬德太、百戶索洛(luo)、興海(hai)夏(xia)卜浪千(qian)戶才蓋、祁連阿力克頭人南(nan)喀才昂、剛察地區千(qian)戶華(hua)寶(bao)藏和果洛(luo)茍(gou)日(ri)(ri)官人丹(dan)德爾(er)的支持下,先后(hou)于1927年(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)1929年(nian)(nian)建成小經堂和文殊殿,1951年(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)1954年(nian)(nian),建成百柱大(da)經堂、彌勒(le)殿和護法(fa)殿。從而使賽(sai)宗(zong)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)發(fa)展成環海(hai)地區最大(da)的格魯派寺(si)(si)(si)(si)院和佛(fo)(fo)教文化中(zhong)心。
1954年,在(zai)給以百柱大(da)經(jing)堂(tang)(tang)為主的三(san)大(da)殿堂(tang)(tang)舉(ju)行(xing)(xing)開光儀式時(shi),喜饒嘉措大(da)師(曾任(ren)青海省人(ren)民政(zheng)府(fu)副主席)在(zai)開光頌詞中(zhong)贊揚道:“賽宗寺(si)(si)(si)如此圓滿的百柱大(da)經(jing)堂(tang)(tang),除了拉(la)薩(sa)噶(ga)丹寺(si)(si)(si)的大(da)經(jing)堂(tang)(tang)堪與(yu)相(xiang)比,在(zai)康、安多地區,乃至青海塔(ta)(ta)爾寺(si)(si)(si)都是少見的,凡是阿(a)饒倉(cang)大(da)師迎(ying)請到(dao)賽宗寺(si)(si)(si)的佛(fo)像、佛(fo)經(jing)、佛(fo)塔(ta)(ta)都與(yu)布達拉(la)宮、扎什倫布寺(si)(si)(si)、塔(ta)(ta)爾寺(si)(si)(si)和(he)拉(la)卜楞寺(si)(si)(si)等所(suo)供的相(xiang)似。”當時(shi)從各地前來朝拜和(he)參加(jia)慶祝活(huo)動的萬余(yu)人(ren),慶祝活(huo)動進行(xing)(xing)了6晝夜,規模空前。
百柱大(da)(da)經堂是(shi)寺內(nei)(nei)最大(da)(da)的建筑(zhu)物,可與西藏噶(ga)丹寺大(da)(da)經堂媲美,殿內(nei)(nei)供上師(shi)瑜伽百佛(fo)像、阿饒倉大(da)(da)師(shi)像,以(yi)及(ji)《甘珠(zhu)爾》、《丹珠(zhu)爾》大(da)(da)藏經,《宗喀巴師(shi)徒全集》等佛(fo)教經典著作。
彌勒(le)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)殿(dian)內(nei)供彌勒(le)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)巨型坐(zuo)像,高達(da)7米,是青海省境內(nei)最大(da)的佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像。護法(fa)神殿(dian)內(nei)供大(da)威德佛(fo)(fo)(fo)、六臂護法(fa)神、吉(ji)祥天母。文(wen)殊菩薩殿(dian)內(nei)供文(wen)殊菩薩、不(bu)動(dong)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)、藥師佛(fo)(fo)(fo)。阿(a)饒倉大(da)師佛(fo)(fo)(fo)堂內(nei)供洛迦(jia)夏惹、觀音及(ji)彌勒(le)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)。
據有關(guan)資料記載,1958年(nian)(nian),全寺共有大小經(jing)(jing)堂(tang)、佛(fo)塔18座,昂(ang)(ang)欠15院(yuan),僧舍(she)150院(yuan),共計(ji)1086間,寺僧519人(ren)(ren),加上同仁地區的修(xiu)行(xing)僧人(ren)(ren)共619人(ren)(ren)。該寺佛(fo)像、佛(fo)塔、佛(fo)經(jing)(jing)以(yi)及象牙、托缽、凈(jing)水杯、銀燈、銅(tong)燈等貴(gui)重(zhong)法器非常豐富(fu),與(yu)格魯派六大寺院(yuan)齊名。1958年(nian)(nian)關(guan)閉,1962年(nian)(nian)曾一度(du)開放(fang)(fang),以(yi)后又再次關(guan)閉。1981年(nian)(nian)5月10日重(zhong)新(xin)開放(fang)(fang),先后重(zhong)建了小經(jing)(jing)堂(tang),彌勒(le)佛(fo)殿、阿饒倉大師佛(fo)堂(tang)、菩提塔、八大靈塔、百柱大經(jing)(jing)堂(tang)等,重(zhong)新(xin)修(xiu)整了辯經(jing)(jing)院(yuan),修(xiu)建昂(ang)(ang)欠5座,僧舍(she)200多院(yuan),現(xian)有寺僧250余人(ren)(ren),活佛(fo)3人(ren)(ren)。
在新建的百柱大(da)經堂(tang)內,供有阿饒(rao)倉大(da)師(shi)銀制靈塔和塑(su)像(xiang),釋迦牟(mou)尼佛(fo)3尊,宗喀巴(ba)師(shi)徒(tu)3。圣塑(su)像(xiang),蓮花生大(da)師(shi)、隆(long)務寺夏日倉·噶丹(dan)嘉措(cuo)大(da)師(shi)像(xiang),勇武(wu)輸王、勝樂佛(fo)、馬頭明(ming)王、吉祥天母、洛跡(ji)夏惹(re)及千(qian)佛(fo)像(xiang),藏有《甘(gan)珠(zhu)爾》、《丹(dan)珠(zhu)爾》大(da)藏經,《宗喀巴(ba)師(shi)徒(tu)文(wen)集》以及保留(liu)下來(lai)的其他珍貴文(wen)物。
賽(sai)宗寺(si)(si)(si)原(yuan)以阿饒(rao)倉(cang)活佛為寺(si)(si)(si)主(zhu),下(xia)設(she)(she)大(da)(da)管(guan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)1人(ren)(ren)(ren),總管(guan)寺(si)(si)(si)內外(wai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)務(wu)、寺(si)(si)(si)主(zhu)昂(ang)欠和(he)親(qin)眷的(de)有關(guan)事(shi)(shi)(shi)宜(yi)。大(da)(da)管(guan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)下(xia)設(she)(she)下(xia)巴9人(ren)(ren)(ren)、“支角乎(hu)” 1人(ren)(ren)(ren)、小管(guan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)3人(ren)(ren)(ren)、俗(su)人(ren)(ren)(ren)管(guan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)2人(ren)(ren)(ren)。干巴負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)寺(si)(si)(si)內經濟(ji)、對外(wai)交(jiao)往、各種(zhong)糾紛調處、人(ren)(ren)(ren)事(shi)(shi)(shi)任免等(deng)事(shi)(shi)(shi)務(wu);“支角乎(hu)”是大(da)(da)經堂(tang)(tang)內的(de)活佛,負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)宗教事(shi)(shi)(shi)務(wu),下(xia)設(she)(she)僧(seng)(seng)官1個(ge)和(he)翁(weng)則2人(ren)(ren)(ren)。僧(seng)(seng)官負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)督促眾(zhong)僧(seng)(seng)學(xue)經,執行教規,有權批準僧(seng)(seng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)外(wai)出念(nian)經,負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)辦(ban)理寺(si)(si)(si)院僧(seng)(seng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)還俗(su)和(he)入寺(si)(si)(si)手續。翁(weng)則負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)眾(zhong)僧(seng)(seng)念(nian)經。僧(seng)(seng)官和(he)翁(weng)則下(xia)設(she)(she)經堂(tang)(tang)管(guan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)2人(ren)(ren)(ren),負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)經堂(tang)(tang)點燈、添神水、供(gong)飯、供(gong)茶等(deng)。事(shi)(shi)(shi)務(wu)管(guan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)2人(ren)(ren)(ren),負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)僧(seng)(seng)侶財產(chan)。3名(ming)小管(guan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia),1名(ming)負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)昂(ang)欠的(de)事(shi)(shi)(shi)務(wu)和(he)起居(ju);1名(ming)負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)宰殺(sha)牛(niu)羊,供(gong)應肉類、食品(pin);l名(ming)負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)購(gou)置物品(pin)。在1名(ming)小管(guan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)下(xia)又(you)有20余名(ming)勤雜人(ren)(ren)(ren)員,分別(bie)干具(ju)體的(de)事(shi)(shi)(shi)務(wu),他(ta)們雖然是僧(seng)(seng)人(ren)(ren)(ren),但不(bu)(bu)識(shi)經文,不(bu)(bu)參加經堂(tang)(tang)活動(dong);俗(su)人(ren)(ren)(ren)管(guan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)1名(ming)負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)經營昂(ang)欠的(de)土地,1名(ming)負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)管(guan)理昂(ang)欠的(de)牲畜。
賽宗寺(si)(si)的(de)主(zhu)要宗教活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)有(you)四(si)種(zhong)(zhong)形式(shi),第(di)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)固定(ding)的(de)念經(jing)活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong),稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“全(quan)經(jing)堂”,1年有(you)4次(ci);農歷正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)八(ba)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)日(ri)的(de)祈愿法會;四(si)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)一(yi)(yi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)一(yi)(yi)的(de)學(xue)經(jing)、辯經(jing)活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong);六月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)八(ba)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)一(yi)(yi)的(de)坐夏(xia)活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong);十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三日(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三日(ri)的(de)大法會(其中(zhong)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)日(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)日(ri)為(wei)(wei)五(wu)供(gong)節)。另外(wai)(wai)每月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)八(ba)、十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)、二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)日(ri)4天亦在經(jing)堂內舉行(xing)經(jing)事(shi)(shi)活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong),經(jing)事(shi)(shi)期間要求寺(si)(si)主(zhu)以下(xia)僧人都必須(xu)參加,不(bu)得(de)隨便(bian)請(qing)假外(wai)(wai)出(chu),寺(si)(si)院周圍劃線為(wei)(wei)界,不(bu)準僧侶越界,禁止婦女入(ru)寺(si)(si)。第(di)二(er)(er)種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)觀經(jing)會,主(zhu)要舉行(xing)跳欠活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong),每年二(er)(er)次(ci):一(yi)(yi)次(ci)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)農歷正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu);另一(yi)(yi)次(ci)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)農歷三月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)五(wu)。第(di)三種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)辯經(jing)會,每年在農歷五(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三日(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七日(ri)舉行(xing)。此間僧人按經(jing)文級別分層(ceng)次(ci)辯論,辯論的(de)優(you)劣作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)評定(ding)經(jing)文級別的(de)參考依據。第(di)四(si)種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)祭俄博,在每年農歷五(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)九至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)舉行(xing),除(chu)祭把活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)外(wai)(wai),寺(si)(si)僧可(ke)盡情(qing)娛樂,如跳繩、打球、下(xia)棋等,并由昂欠和寺(si)(si)院分別供(gong)肉飯1天,類似群眾過年。
1929年,賽宗寺(si)建立顯宗學(xue)(xue)院(yuan),內設卡多、堆仲、堆欽、洛柔、達(da)柔、央薩(sa)爾、央貢、吾(wu)瑪、佐、都(dou)哇等(deng)16個學(xue)(xue)經班級,系(xi)統地學(xue)(xue)習(xi)因明學(xue)(xue)、般若學(xue)(xue)、中觀學(xue)(xue)、俱舍(she)學(xue)(xue)、戒律(lv)學(xue)(xue)等(deng)有關顯宗知識。同時還學(xue)(xue)習(xi)佛(fo)教有關密宗知識。每年寺(si)院(yuan)都(dou)要(yao)從西藏(zang)哲蚌寺(si)、甘南(nan)拉卜楞寺(si)和本省塔爾寺(si)、隆務寺(si)、石藏(zang)寺(si)等(deng)寺(si)院(yuan)請(qing)來著(zhu)名(ming)學(xue)(xue)者講學(xue)(xue)。該寺(si)設有“尕龍巴”學(xue)(xue)位(wei),獲(huo)得此學(xue)(xue)位(wei)者可留寺(si)任(ren)經師、管家、干巴等(deng)職,有資格(ge)外出(chu)念(nian)經或考(kao)取“格(ge)西”學(xue)(xue)位(wei)。
負有盛(sheng)譽的(de)(de)賽宗寺(si)坐落(luo)在(zai)神山之中(zhong),使古剎名山融合(he)為一(yi)體,山以寺(si)而壯美,寺(si)以山而得(de)名,形成(cheng)了賽宗寺(si)獨特的(de)(de)風格。每年都有許(xu)多(duo)的(de)(de)青、甘、川(chuan)、藏四省、區信(xin)教(jiao)群(qun)眾前來這里朝(chao)拜游覽,如(ru)逢(feng)藏歷猴(hou)年信(xin)教(jiao)群(qun)眾更是絡繹不絕。