太陽(yang)能電動(dong)車(che)怎么樣

太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)是可再生、可持續(xu)性發展的(de)戰略能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)。當華爾街風暴席卷全球(qiu)時，各先進技術國(guo)家(jia)無(wu)不(bu)在(zai)(zai)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)領(ling)域(yu)下賭注、投資(zi)本，以期(qi)獲得經(jing)濟(ji)復(fu)興。特別是以汽車產業為經(jing)濟(ji)支柱的(de)國(guo)家(jia)，尤其在(zai)(zai)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽車動力(li)(li)上力(li)(li)圖有所創新和發展，如在(zai)(zai)電動汽車、燃料電池汽車領(ling)域(yu)紛紛投入(ru)巨(ju)資(zi)，而在(zai)(zai)太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)汽車領(ling)域(yu)更是探索不(bu)止，力(li)(li)度(du)加大(da)。由(you)于太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)是各種可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)中最(zui)重要的(de)基本能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，通(tong)過轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)裝置(zhi)把太陽(yang)(yang)輻射能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)成電能(neng)(neng)(neng)利用，屬(shu)于太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)光發電技術。光電轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)裝置(zhi)通(tong)常是利用半導(dao)體(ti)器件的(de)光伏(fu)效應原理進行光電轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)的(de)，因此也稱(cheng)(cheng)太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)光伏(fu)技術，又稱(cheng)(cheng)太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)光伏(fu)電池。

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據報道(dao)，太(tai)陽能(neng)光(guang)伏技術不僅(jin)在先進技術國家得到(dao)快速發(fa)展，中國的(de)太(tai)陽能(neng)產(chan)業也以每年(nian)20%~30%的(de)速度(du)增(zeng)長。到(dao)2020年(nian)，太(tai)陽能(neng)領域(yu)的(de)銷售額將(jiang)增(zeng)加一倍，屆時中國將(jiang)有1%的(de)能(neng)源消耗(hao)來自太(tai)陽能(neng)。今后幾年(nian)，我國太(tai)陽能(neng)使用不僅(jin)在能(neng)源領域(yu)會獲(huo)得飛速發(fa)展，在汽車領域(yu)的(de)應用也會得到(dao)不斷的(de)提高。

太陽能電動車車身特點

1、結構(gou)具有輕(qing)、小(xiao)、巧、美四大特性。車(che)型(xing)(xing)輕(qing)，能大幅度(du)減輕(qing)能源的消耗，降低成本；車(che)身小(xiao)，可在城(cheng)市中心地帶(dai)穿街走(zou)巷行駛（不超(chao)過兩人并排騎自行車(che)占用的道(dao)(dao)路面(mian)積），增(zeng)加(jia)道(dao)(dao)路流(liu)量(liang)，改(gai)善交通狀況；結構(gou)設計巧妙、實(shi)用、緊湊、堅固(gu)、耐用；流(liu)線型(xing)(xing)外觀(guan)，造型(xing)(xing)美觀(guan)大方。

2、以光(guang)、電(dian)(dian)代替(ti)油，可節約有限(xian)的石油資源(yuan)。白(bai)天(tian)，太陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)池把光(guang)能(neng)(neng)轉換為電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)自動存儲(chu)在動力電(dian)(dian)池中(zhong)。在晚間或陰雨天(tian)，可以利(li)用(yong)家(jia)用(yong)交流電(dian)(dian)（220V）進行(xing)充電(dian)(dian)，確(que)保(bao)車輛照常行(xing)駛。

3、節能(neng)，本發明(ming)的(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)電動(dong)車(che)，耗能(neng)少(shao)，只(zhi)需采用3-4平米的(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)電池組件(jian)便(bian)可行駛起(qi)來。燃(ran)油汽車(che)在(zai)能(neng)量(liang)(liang)轉換(huan)過程中要遵(zun)守卡(ka)諾循(xun)環(huan)的(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)律(lv)來做(zuo)功，熱(re)(re)效(xiao)率比較(jiao)低，約(yue)為12%-15%，只(zhi)有1/3左右的(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)(liang)用在(zai)推動(dong)車(che)輛(liang)前(qian)進上，其余2/3左右的(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)(liang)損失在(zai)發動(dong)機和(he)驅動(dong)鏈上；而(er)太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)電動(dong)車(che)的(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)(liang)轉換(huan)不(bu)受卡(ka)諾循(xun)環(huan)規(gui)(gui)律(lv)的(de)(de)限(xian)制，熱(re)(re)效(xiao)率要高得多，可達到34%-40%，90%的(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)(liang)用于推動(dong)車(che)輛(liang)前(qian)進。

4、高(gao)度重視(shi)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)問題，將(jiang)主動安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)性列為重要問題考(kao)慮，在車身(shen)的前部特別設計內保險結構，保障駕駛員(yuan)的生命安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)，每個(ge)座位上都設有三點式安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)帶、座椅頭枕。另外，前后保險杠、高(gao)位剎車燈(deng)(deng)、轉向燈(deng)(deng)、前大燈(deng)(deng)、尾燈(deng)(deng)、后視(shi)鏡(jing)、安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)擋風玻璃、雨(yu)刮器等配置(zhi)一應俱全(quan)(quan)，而且還可以(yi)選裝兒童安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)座椅等選配裝置(zhi)。

5、作為一種低(di)速車，其(qi)設計、生產(chan)和安全標(biao)準(zhun)與傳統轎(jiao)車相比(bi)毫不遜色。前后均有(you)獨立懸掛(gua)，四輪鼓式制動(dong)，采用創(chuang)新(xin)前橋和傳向系統，30km/h速度(du)到(dao)停止的剎車距離不超過7.3米(mi)。

6、無污染。因為不(bu)用(yong)燃油，本(ben)車不(bu)會(hui)排放(fang)污染大氣(qi)的(de)有害氣(qi)體。

7、無(wu)噪(zao)音。沒(mei)有內燃機(ji)，行駛(shi)時不會聽(ting)到燃油汽車(che)的轟鳴聲。

8、使(shi)用(yong)費用(yong)低(di)廉。車上配有(you)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)和充(chong)(chong)(chong)放電(dian)控(kong)制器(qi)，有(you)兩路電(dian)源可向(xiang)動(dong)力(li)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)。有(you)太陽光(guang)時(shi)(shi)，太陽能電(dian)池(chi)組件(jian)通過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)放電(dian)控(kong)制器(qi)向(xiang)動(dong)力(li)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)，公里(li)行(xing)駛(shi)成本為零；無太陽光(guang)時(shi)(shi)，隨時(shi)(shi)隨地都能用(yong)家用(yong)220V電(dian)源，通過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)向(xiang)動(dong)力(li)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)，公里(li)行(xing)駛(shi)成本為3分錢。

9、易駕駛(shi)。無需(xu)電(dian)子點火，只(zhi)需(xu)踩踏加速板便可啟動，利(li)用控(kong)制器控(kong)制車速，勿需(xu)換檔、踩離合器，簡化了(le)駕駛(shi)的(de)復雜(za)性，避免了(le)因操作失誤而造(zao)成的(de)事(shi)故隱患(huan)，安全性高。特別適合婦(fu)女和老年人駕駛(shi)。

10、方便。由(you)于車身(shen)結構簡單，除了(le)定(ding)期更換(huan)(huan)動力(li)電池外，基本不(bu)需日常保(bao)養(yang)，省卻了(le)傳統汽車必須經常更換(huan)(huan)機油、添加冷卻水等定(ding)期養(yang)護的(de)煩惱。小巧玲瓏的(de)車身(shen)，可以(yi)輕而易舉地將車泊入擁擠不(bu)堪(kan)的(de)都市停車場。

11、太陽能電動車的(de)最大優勢是環(huan)保、節能、安全、經濟，批量生產的(de)成本將(jiang)控制在人民(min)幣5-6千元左右，其市(shi)場目(mu)標鎖定在普通百(bai)姓(xing)家(jia)庭，將(jiang)成為中國老百(bai)姓(xing)買(mai)得(de)起(qi)、用(yong)得(de)起(qi)、開得(de)動的(de)物美(mei)價廉的(de)交通工具(ju)產品。

太陽能電動車電池特點

1、適(shi)合(he)為48V配置的電動車野外或行(xing)駛途中補充電源。

2、太陽能充電器可以實現一(yi)(yi)邊(bian)(bian)行駛、一(yi)(yi)邊(bian)(bian)充(chong)電(dian)，幫助電(dian)動車(che)增加(jia)行程(cheng)達50%以上。

3、太陽能充電(dian)器，既增強電(dian)動車行駛、 爬坡的(de)動力，又減輕電(dian)機的(de)負(fu)載磨損。

4、太(tai)陽能充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)及時對(dui)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態下的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)補充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)，對(dui)于減輕蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)極板硫化，延(yan)長(chang)(chang)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使(shi)用(yong)壽命效(xiao)果顯著。同時又能長(chang)(chang)期節省電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費開支，是降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)成本的(de)(de)好幫(bang)手。

5、太(tai)陽能充電器安裝方便，美觀適用(yong)，節能環保。

6、本產品使用(yong)壽命可(ke)達12年左(zuo)右，應用(yong)價值很高。

太陽能電動車的驅動方式

太陽能(neng)電(dian)動車因具所(suo)選擇的(de)元件不同，布(bu)置方案也有所(suo)不同。

主要有3大類：

1、傳統型驅動方式

這種布置方式(shi)容易實現，操作和控制簡單。但能量(liang)損耗(hao)較(jiao)(jiao)高、噪聲較(jiao)(jiao)大、整車質量(liang)較(jiao)(jiao)重、行駛(shi)速度(du)較(jiao)(jiao)低、續駛(shi)里程較(jiao)(jiao)短。

2、減速驅動方式

這種方(fang)式(shi)便(bian)于布置、較易驅(qu)動、質量輕、噪(zao)聲(sheng)小(xiao)。但控制相(xiang)對復雜，并(bing)有一定的(de)能量損耗。

3、獨立驅動方式

這種驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)式(shi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)元件最少(shao)、結(jie)構最簡單、噪(zao)聲最低、車重(zhong)最輕(qing)、可控性好，但造價高，控制成為關鍵問題。

太陽能電動車工作原理

陽光照射電池陣列時，產生光生電流。能量（電流）通過峰值功率跟蹤(zong)器2被(bei)直接傳送到電(dian)機控(kong)(kong)制器中(zhong)，驅動(dong)電(dian)機5旋轉，使車輛(liang)行駛。剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)量由(you)蓄電(dian)池儲(chu)存起來，以便(bian)太陽(yang)電(dian)池板電(dian)量不足或陰雨(yu)天氣時驅動(dong)電(dian)機。這一(yi)過程由(you)控(kong)(kong)制器控(kong)(kong)制。車輛(liang)的(de)啟動(dong)、加速、轉向、制動(dong)由(you)駕駛員(yuan)操縱。

太(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)一(yi)種對(dui)光(guang)(guang)有響應(ying)并(bing)能(neng)將(jiang)(jiang)光(guang)(guang)轉換成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)力(li)的器件裝置。能(neng)產(chan)生光(guang)(guang)伏效應(ying)的材(cai)料(liao)有許多種，如單晶(jing)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)、多晶(jing)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)、非(fei)晶(jing)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)、砷化鎵、硒銦銅(tong)等，它們的發電(dian)(dian)原(yuan)理基本相同。以晶(jing)體為例：P型晶(jing)體硅(gui)(gui)(gui)經(jing)過(guo)(guo)摻(chan)雜磷可得N型硅(gui)(gui)(gui)，形(xing)成(cheng)P-N結。當光(guang)(guang)線(xian)照(zhao)射太(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)陣(zhen)列(lie)板的表面時(shi)(shi)，一(yi)部分(fen)光(guang)(guang)子(zi)(zi)被(bei)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)材(cai)料(liao)吸(xi)收(shou)，光(guang)(guang)子(zi)(zi)的能(neng)量傳(chuan)遞給了(le)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)，使電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)產(chan)生了(le)躍遷，成(cheng)為自由電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)，在P-N結兩側集驟形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)差，當外部電(dian)(dian)路接通時(shi)(shi)，在該電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的作用(yong)下(xia)，將(jiang)(jiang)會有電(dian)(dian)流流過(guo)(guo)外部電(dian)(dian)路，從而產(chan)生一(yi)定的輸出(chu)功率。這個過(guo)(guo)程的實質是(shi)：光(guang)(guang)子(zi)(zi)能(neng)量轉換成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)的過(guo)(guo)程。太(tai)陽能(neng)陣(zhen)列(lie)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)板是(shi)由光(guang)(guang)敏半導體材(cai)料(liao)制成(cheng)的，大多使用(yong)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)化合物(wu)。

根據所用材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的不同(tong)，太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)板(ban)可分為：硅(gui)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)；以(yi)無機鹽如砷化鎵III-V化合物、硫化鎘、硒銦銅等(deng)多元化合物為材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)；功能(neng)(neng)高分子材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)制備的太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)；和納米晶太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)等(deng)。不論以(yi)何種材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)來制作電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，對太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)一般的要(yao)求有：半導體材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的禁帶不能(neng)(neng)太(tai)寬；要(yao)有較高的光電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換效(xiao)率；材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)本身對環境不造(zao)成污染；材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)便(bian)于(yu)工業化生產且材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)穩定。基于(yu)以(yi)上幾個方(fang)面考慮，硅(gui)是(shi)最理想的太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)，這也(ye)是(shi)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)板(ban)以(yi)硅(gui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)為主的主要(yao)原因。

太陽(yang)能電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)件(jian)是(shi)(shi)供(gong)電(dian)系(xi)統中(zhong)的(de)核心部(bu)分，也是(shi)(shi)太陽(yang)能供(gong)電(dian)系(xi)統中(zhong)價值(zhi)最高(gao)的(de)部(bu)分。其作(zuo)用是(shi)(shi)將(jiang)(jiang)太陽(yang)的(de)輻射能量(liang)轉(zhuan)換(huan)為(wei)電(dian)能，或送往蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)中(zhong)存儲(chu)起來(lai)(lai)，或推動(dong)(dong)負(fu)載工作(zuo)。太陽(yang)能組(zu)件(jian)中(zhong)的(de)質量(liang)和成本將(jiang)(jiang)直接決定整個(ge)系(xi)統的(de)質量(liang)和成本。太陽(yang)能控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)的(de)作(zuo)用是(shi)(shi)管(guan)理和控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)整個(ge)系(xi)統的(de)工作(zuo)狀態，并對蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)起到充電(dian)保護、過(guo)放電(dian)保護的(de)作(zuo)用，與純電(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車的(de)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)源控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)管(guan)理系(xi)統具(ju)有(you)相(xiang)同的(de)作(zuo)用。在溫(wen)差較(jiao)大的(de)地方，合格(ge)的(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)還應具(ju)備溫(wen)度補償的(de)功能。其它附加(jia)功能如光(guang)控(kong)(kong)、時(shi)控(kong)(kong)等應當都是(shi)(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)的(de)可選(xuan)項。蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)作(zuo)用是(shi)(shi)在有(you)光(guang)照時(shi)將(jiang)(jiang)太陽(yang)能電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)件(jian)所提供(gong)出的(de)電(dian)能儲(chu)存起來(lai)(lai)，到需要的(de)時(shi)候(hou)再釋放出來(lai)(lai)。

太(tai)(tai)陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)件是由(you)單(dan)(dan)個(ge)(ge)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)拼接(jie)組(zu)成，或(huo)由(you)折疊式支架拼接(jie)組(zu)成陣列。因為(wei)單(dan)(dan)個(ge)(ge)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)（如(ru)硅電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓太(tai)(tai)低(di)，所以都要把它們串、并(bing)聯(lian)構成有(you)實用(yong)價(jia)值的(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)板，陣列成一個(ge)(ge)應用(yong)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)，然后根據供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要求，再由(you)多個(ge)(ge)應用(yong)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)串、并(bing)聯(lian)組(zu)成整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)太(tai)(tai)陽能光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)板的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)組(zu)件。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)是太(tai)(tai)陽能光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)儲能裝置，在夜(ye)間或(huo)光(guang)(guang)照不足及(ji)負載消(xiao)耗(hao)超出(chu)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量時，由(you)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)向負載供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。為(wei)了減輕整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)量，應采用(yong)高能蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)。

太陽能電動汽車與燃油汽(qi)車(che)(che)在(zai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力結構上有很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)同，但與純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結構卻有許多相同之(zhi)處。所不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)是純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式必須(xu)依靠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，而太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)裝置(zhi)來(lai)(lai)自于(yu)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源兩種充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式，而純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)不(bu)(bu)必背(bei)負(fu)(fu)巨大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏陳列電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)板(ban)。當太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)板(ban)產生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)，與控制(zhi)裝置(zhi)和(he)儲能(neng)(neng)裝置(zhi)連接后，再由另一端連接負(fu)(fu)載(zai)，負(fu)(fu)載(zai)就是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機（驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)裝置(zhi)）。一般在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)運行時(shi)，被轉(zhuan)換的(de)(de)(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)光(guang)能(neng)(neng)通過(guo)控制(zhi)裝置(zhi)直運送到負(fu)(fu)載(zai)，而在(zai)停駛或(huo)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)光(guang)足時(shi)，剩余部分的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)向蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并儲存起來(lai)(lai)，當太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)光(guang)不(bu)(bu)足時(shi)，由太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)同時(shi)向負(fu)(fu)載(zai)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；當汽(qi)車(che)(che)減(jian)速或(huo)剎車(che)(che)時(shi)，還(huan)應設計“回授(shou)性制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)裝置(zhi)”，將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)量通過(guo)控制(zhi)器，將發動(dong)(dong)(dong)機變(bian)成發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，反向進入蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)進行儲存。用互補式不(bu)(bu)間斷(duan)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技術(shu)，改變(bian)嚴重依賴(lai)天氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)缺陷，完(wan)善電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)(neng)。

在設計電動車整個供電系統時應綜合考慮以下幾個方面：

一(yi)是光(guang)(guang)強(qiang)與(yu)負(fu)載。太陽能(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏電(dian)池(chi)是一(yi)種光(guang)(guang)電(dian)轉換裝置，其輸出功率(lv)的(de)大(da)小(xiao)取決于光(guang)(guang)照的(de)強(qiang)度(du)，要拼(pin)裝多大(da)的(de)太陽能(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏電(dian)池(chi)組件(jian)主要取決于能(neng)夠接受光(guang)(guang)照的(de)強(qiang)度(du)及所用負(fu)載的(de)大(da)小(xiao)。

二是蓄電池組的選擇。要根據光伏電池組合的發電容量來選擇蓄電池組(zu)的容量(liang)，以便在陰雨天及(ji)晚上(shang)可以由蓄(xu)電池向負(fu)載(zai)供電，為了(le)減輕系(xi)統重要，最好選用高比能量(liang)的蓄(xu)電池。

三(san)是機(ji)械強(qiang)(qiang)。考慮(lv)到(dao)電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)整個供電(dian)系統都是在運(yun)動(dong)和運(yun)行中使(shi)用，必須(xu)考慮(lv)系統的(de)機(ji)械強(qiang)(qiang)度，耐腐(fu)蝕性，耐氣(qi)候變化等各(ge)種(zhong)因素。太陽能光(guang)伏電(dian)池(chi)組陣列應(ying)采取(qu)高強(qiang)(qiang)度鋼化玻璃外殼，支架系統應(ying)采用高強(qiang)(qiang)度材料。使(shi)整個供電(dian)系統具有便于運(yun)行、重量輕、效率高、可(ke)靠性好、造價低等優勢。

太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏電池板(ban)是(shi)將太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)變為電能(neng)(neng)，是(shi)因為光(guang)(guang)(guang)子在(zai)日光(guang)(guang)(guang)下產生能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)帶(dai)動電子從一個(ge)(ge)半運動的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)屬粒子的(de)(de)(de)一層轉(zhuan)(zhuan)移到另一層面，電子的(de)(de)(de)運動產生了通用的(de)(de)(de)電力(li)。太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏電池板(ban)可以由光(guang)(guang)(guang)電轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化率、能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)比大(da)(da)小來選(xuan)擇。由于許多獨立(li)的(de)(de)(de)硅片被(bei)組(zu)合，形成龐大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏陣列，并產生能(neng)(neng)夠電動汽車(che)驅動的(de)(de)(de)電能(neng)(neng)，而這種電能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)還(huan)必須達到高電壓、高功率的(de)(de)(de)程度，這就要有一個(ge)(ge)重要的(de)(de)(de)系統(tong)-電力(li)控制系統(tong)。

電動汽(qi)車(che)的(de)心臟(zang)部(bu)位(wei)就是電源(yuan)及其蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)，而(er)運(yun)行系(xi)統基本上是由(you)(you)電源(yuan)、電控(kong)、電機來(lai)(lai)組(zu)成。而(er)在(zai)(zai)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電動汽(qi)車(che)上其控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統不僅僅控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)電動源(yuan)（電池(chi)(chi)(chi)），還要(yao)增加太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏電池(chi)(chi)(chi)陣(zhen)列的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏電池(chi)(chi)(chi)所供應(ying)的(de)電壓與(yu)蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)飽(bao)和電壓基本相同，可以直接耦合，在(zai)(zai)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)功(gong)率充(chong)足(zu)時，多余的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量進(jin)入儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)，在(zai)(zai)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)電功(gong)率不足(zu)時由(you)(you)蓄(xu)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)完成電力驅(qu)動的(de)任務(wu)。這些，必須(xu)由(you)(you)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統來(lai)(lai)完成。控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統的(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)就是對(dui)充(chong)電和放電的(de)過程進(jin)行控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)和保護，這樣才能(neng)(neng)(neng)保證對(dui)整個電動源(yuan)系(xi)統的(de)正常充(chong)電、放電及其對(dui)電動汽(qi)車(che)的(de)驅(qu)動。最簡單的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統也應(ying)該起(qi)到以下三個方面的(de)作(zuo)用：

一是按照使用要(yao)求(qiu)給出穩定的電壓、電流；

二(er)是蓄電(dian)池過(guo)充電(dian)或過(guo)放電(dian)時可以報警或自動切(qie)斷電(dian)路；

三是(shi)負(fu)載(zai)發生(sheng)短(duan)路時可以自動切(qie)斷電源電路。

控制系統是控制太(tai)陽能光伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)陣(zhen)列板對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以及蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和(he)太(tai)陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)對負(fu)載的(de)(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程，實現對太(tai)陽能光伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和(he)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)科學管理，指(zhi)示蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過(guo)壓(ya)、欠(qian)壓(ya)等(deng)運行狀態，具(ju)有兩路(lu)(lu)負(fu)載輸出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)管理，或兩路(lu)(lu)負(fu)載可以隨(sui)意設置為同時(shi)(shi)工作、分時(shi)(shi)工作或單獨工作等(deng)模式(shi)，同時(shi)(shi)具(ju)有負(fu)載過(guo)流、短路(lu)(lu)保護功能，具(ju)有較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)動化(hua)和(he)智能化(hua)水平(ping)。其硬(ying)件結構主要(yao)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)采集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、負(fu)載輸出(chu)控制與檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、指(zhi)示或顯(xian)示電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)及鍵盤(pan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)等(deng)部分組成。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)采集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)包(bao)括太(tai)陽能光伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)板和(he)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)采集，用(yong)于太(tai)陽光線強弱的(de)(de)(de)識別(bie)以及蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)獲(huo)取等(deng)。

在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)源控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)子系(xi)(xi)統的控(kong)制(zhi)功(gong)能(neng)對蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)進行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管(guan)理時(shi)(shi)，若太(tai)陽能(neng)光(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)正常(chang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)時(shi)(shi)，控(kong)制(zhi)器將(jiang)關斷負(fu)載，以保證負(fu)載不被(bei)損(sun)傷，當(dang)(dang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高于(yu)保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)(shi)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關斷對蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；此后(hou)(hou)若電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)掉(diao)至維(wei)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)(shi)，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)進入浮充(chong)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，當(dang)(dang)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)低于(yu)維(wei)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)(shi)，啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的應(ying)當(dang)(dang)是均充(chong)狀(zhuang)態(tai)。當(dang)(dang)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低于(yu)保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)(shi)，控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統應(ying)當(dang)(dang)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關閉負(fu)載開(kai)關，以保護蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)不受損(sun)壞(huai)。在(zai)(zai)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)負(fu)載關閉后(hou)(hou)，有兩路充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路可選(xuan)擇使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，在(zai)(zai)太(tai)陽光(guang)照(zhao)較強(qiang)時(shi)(shi)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)太(tai)陽能(neng)光(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)板充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，使(shi)其發揮更大功(gong)效，或使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)外充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源進行快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

太陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)源(yuan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)軟件設計與硬件電(dian)(dian)(dian)路是(shi)相對(dui)應的(de)，包括有主程序(xu)、定時(shi)中(zhong)斷程序(xu)、A/D轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)子(zi)(zi)程序(xu)、外部轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)子(zi)(zi)程序(xu)及鍵(jian)盤處理(li)子(zi)(zi)程序(xu)、充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)管理(li)子(zi)(zi)程序(xu)、負載(zai)管理(li)子(zi)(zi)程序(xu)等。作為太陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車的(de)“心(xin)臟”——電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)源(yuan)的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系統(tong)(tong)，不僅僅需要(yao)具(ju)備基(ji)本(ben)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功能，還(huan)要(yao)能體現(xian)現(xian)代控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)念，也(ye)就是(shi)達(da)到“一體化(hua)”控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，并實現(xian)“智(zhi)(zhi)能化(hua)”的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管理(li)能力(li)，在基(ji)本(ben)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)(tong)基(ji)礎上，“智(zhi)(zhi)能化(hua)”的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)源(yuan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系統(tong)(tong)是(shi)以電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)模塊為控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)心(xin)，增加了以鍵(jian)盤輸入(ru)、遙控(kong)(kong)(kong)及液晶顯示組成的(de)人工界(jie)面模塊，還(huan)增加了以安全報警模塊，在內部控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)算(suan)(suan)法還(huan)可(ke)采取模糊(hu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或其它智(zhi)(zhi)能控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)算(suan)(suan)法實現(xian)，此外還(huan)可(ke)以使(shi)用預留可(ke)擴展模塊.

太陽(yang)能電動車充電器介紹

太陽(yang)能電(dian)動車(che)的蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)，要根據光伏電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)件的發電(dian)容(rong)量來合理選擇(ze)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)的容(rong)量，以便在陰雨(yu)天及(ji)晚上可以由(you)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)向負載(zai)供電(dian)。那么具體選擇(ze)何種(zhong)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，不(bu)能不(bu)做(zuo)各種(zhong)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)性能的綜合分析(xi)。

電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)發(fa)(fa)經歷(li)(li)是(shi)從鉛酸(suan)(suan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)開始的(de)(de)(de)，鉛酸(suan)(suan)動(dong)力電(dian)池(chi)(chi)經歷(li)(li)了100余年的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展，在人們研(yan)發(fa)(fa)了鎳氫動(dong)力電(dian)池(chi)(chi)及繼而(er)又(you)研(yan)發(fa)(fa)了鋰動(dong)力電(dian)池(chi)(chi)之(zhi)后，便被業(ye)內(nei)猜測(ce)該退出歷(li)(li)史(shi)舞臺了。然(ran)而(er)，鉛酸(suan)(suan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)仍然(ran)是(shi)大量(liang)(liang)生產的(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)系列。鉛酸(suan)(suan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)作為(wei)(wei)比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)技術雖然(ran)比(bi)能(neng)量(liang)(liang)、比(bi)功率(lv)和能(neng)量(liang)(liang)密度都(dou)比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)低，但是(shi)高的(de)(de)(de)性價(jia)比(bi)及高倍率(lv)放(fang)電(dian)，仍然(ran)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)唯(wei)一(yi)能(neng)大批量(liang)(liang)生產的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)動(dong)車用(yong)(yong)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，其主要(yao)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于大量(liang)(liang)進入市(shi)場的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)動(dong)自行(xing)車。但鉛酸(suan)(suan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)在電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車上的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)尚存在續駛里(li)程短(duan)，使用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命差、及體(ti)積(ji)大、質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)重、不環保等(deng)缺(que)點，不僅在電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)上受到(dao)阻礙，想(xiang)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)太陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車上的(de)(de)(de)儲(chu)能(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)范疇應(ying)用(yong)(yong)其難度是(shi)可想(xiang)而(er)知的(de)(de)(de)。

鎳氫蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)在鋰離子蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)出現以(yi)前，曾(ceng)在電(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車上廣(guang)泛試(shi)用(yong)，其比能量(liang)(liang)達(da)(da)(da)到75~80Wh/kg，比功率(lv)達(da)(da)(da)160~230w/kg，循環使用(yong)壽命(ming)超過600次。由于(yu)鎳氫蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)在安(an)全(quan)性(xing)方面較(jiao)有優(you)勢(shi)，所以(yi)在混合動力汽(qi)(qi)車的應用(yong)方面已經達(da)(da)(da)到趨于(yu)成(cheng)熟的境界。應用(yong)比較(jiao)好的汽(qi)(qi)車廠商如日(ri)本豐田、美國通(tong)用(yong)等公(gong)司。但鎳氫電(dian)池(chi)(chi)在價格上遠高于(yu)鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，以(yi)及能量(liang)(liang)密度(du)低于(yu)鋰離子蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，所以(yi)，難(nan)以(yi)成(cheng)為太(tai)陽能電(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車的首選(xuan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)。

太陽能電動汽車的蓄電池是(shi)通過太陽能(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)板(ban)給予充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)（在光(guang)照不足時(shi)也可以通過外接(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）。為了最(zui)大限度地降低整個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)，方(fang)便(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)(de)運行，選(xuan)擇(ze)大容量(liang)(liang)高(gao)倍(bei)(bei)率蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，是(shi)太陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)佳選(xuan)擇(ze)。雖然鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)與鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成本相比(bi)有所增(zeng)加，但在相同容量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下，比(bi)采用(yong)鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)減(jian)輕4倍(bei)(bei)以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)，因為鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在比(bi)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)、循環壽命、自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率及(ji)環保(bao)諸(zhu)多方(fang)面都具有優越的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)。它的(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)可達(da)150Wh/kg，是(shi)鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍(bei)(bei)以上(shang)，鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)4倍(bei)(bei)以上(shang)。由于比(bi)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)是(shi)鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)四分之一，從這個(ge)角度分析鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)對能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)消耗的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)源(yuan)就少(shao)。由于鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)所用(yong)元素(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)儲量(liang)(liang)比(bi)較多，資(zi)源(yuan)較豐富(fu)，因此(ci)，鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和(he)鎳氫蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可能(neng)(neng)會(hui)(hui)進一步漲(zhang)價，鋰蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)成本反而會(hui)(hui)進一步降低。

太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)源系(xi)(xi)統(tong)采用(yong)鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)減輕(qing)重量(liang)，提高整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輕(qing)便性(xing)能(neng)(neng)。另外(wai)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單位體積能(neng)(neng)量(liang)很大(da)，高達(da)(da)400Wh/L，相同容(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體積是(shi)鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三分之一到(dao)四分之一，為(wei)(wei)進行輕(qing)巧(qiao)、靈活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計要求(qiu)提供(gong)了更為(wei)(wei)廣闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計空(kong)間。另外(wai)鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反復充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壽命長，單體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)循環次數可達(da)(da)1500次以(yi)上(shang)。作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組如果有好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監控管理系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)達(da)(da)到(dao)均衡程度，仍然可達(da)(da)1000次以(yi)上(shang)。因為(wei)(wei)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)使用(yong)時(shi)常(chang)常(chang)可以(yi)浮充或淺放(fang)，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組壽命不(bu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)像純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)那(nei)樣(yang)短。鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)另一個(ge)(ge)優點是(shi)自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率低(di)，這(zhe)在(zai)(zai)(zai)連續陰(yin)天和在(zai)(zai)(zai)夜間蓄(xu)存電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)都有相當大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好處，可以(yi)提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)保持60%~80%計算，使用(yong)年限應(ying)不(bu)低(di)于3~5年，壽命相當于鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三倍(bei)左右。由于鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)不(bu)含鉛和鎘等(deng)重金(jin)屬，被業內稱為(wei)(wei)綠色(se)環保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。隨著我國鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)力型(xing)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷(duan)提高，特(te)別在(zai)(zai)(zai)鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)使用(yong)、管理、控制技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)突破(po)并會(hui)(hui)(hui)不(bu)斷(duan)提高水(shui)平，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)壽命也會(hui)(hui)(hui)越(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)長，性(xing)價比也會(hui)(hui)(hui)越(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)有優勢，在(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)也會(hui)(hui)(hui)越(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)廣泛(fan)。鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)力型(xing)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)不(bu)僅在(zai)(zai)(zai)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)上(shang)、純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)上(shang)，和燃料電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)汽車(che)得(de)到(dao)廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)，還會(hui)(hui)(hui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)航(hang)空(kong)、航(hang)海等(deng)領域得(de)到(dao)廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)。

太陽能電動汽車驅動系統

汽車(che)(che)的(de)功能(neng)所(suo)在就是(shi)(shi)驅動(dong)。太(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)的(de)目的(de)當然也在于(yu)此。無(wu)論采用(yong)何種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)的(de)目的(de)當然也在于(yu)此。無(wu)論采用(yong)何種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)負載(zai)，其設計和使用(yong)目標都是(shi)(shi)為滿足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)的(de)行駛需要(yao)。由于(yu)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)有良好的(de)調整性能(neng)，早期(qi)開發的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)大多采用(yong)了直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)。近代電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子技(ji)術和控(kong)制技(ji)術的(de)發展，交(jiao)流感應(ying)(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、永磁無(wu)刷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、開關阻磁電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)范(fan)圍逐步擴大、性能(neng)越來越完善，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)所(suo)用(yong)的(de)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)也由這(zhe)些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)所(suo)取(qu)代。總(zong)的(de)趨勢(shi)是(shi)(shi)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)將取(qu)代直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)。

大(da)多數太陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)是雙線圈交流無刷電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)交流無刷電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)是輕質材料制造(zao)，非常(chang)適合于(yu)太陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)“輕”的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求，在額定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)RPM（每秒轉(zhuan)速）達到(dao)99%的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)率。這(zhe)(zhe)比以前(qian)使(shi)用(yong)直(zhi)接引(yin)導式(shi)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)傳(chuan)(chuan)送(song)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)先進(jin)。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)傳(chuan)(chuan)送(song)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力的(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)也稱其為(wei)機(ji)(ji)械驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)械驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系統還有選(xuan)用(yong)傳(chuan)(chuan)統汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)速器、傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)、后(hou)橋和半軸(zhou)等部件的(de)(de)(de)。而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)通過(guo)鏈條和履(lv)帶同一個(ge)單一的(de)(de)(de)齒輪傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)，與車(che)(che)輪鏈接的(de)(de)(de)引(yin)導式(shi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)比機(ji)(ji)械驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)先進(jin)了(le)(le)一步。有的(de)(de)(de)還使(shi)用(yong)變(bian)頻履(lv)帶式(shi)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)傳(chuan)(chuan)送(song)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力給車(che)(che)輪驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，但這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)變(bian)頻履(lv)帶式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)需要(yao)(yao)精確地安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)和有效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)精細的(de)(de)(de)配置(zhi)(zhi)。2013年，太陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)多齒輪傳(chuan)(chuan)送(song)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)已經被淘汰，雙線圈電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)成為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)。在雙線圈之間轉(zhuan)換改變(bian)了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)速度，低速線圈能(neng)(neng)為(wei)太陽能(neng)(neng)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和減(jian)速提供(gong)高的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)力矩，而(er)高速線圈則為(wei)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)運(yun)行提供(gong)高效(xiao)(xiao)率和最佳的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行效(xiao)(xiao)果。特別在軸(zhou)式(shi)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)設計中，一個(ge)軸(zhou)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)去除了(le)(le)許多外加的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)送(song)設備，這(zhe)(zhe)大(da)大(da)提高了(le)(le)駕駛(shi)車(che)(che)輛的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)率，縮減(jian)了(le)(le)用(yong)于(yu)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)輪而(er)需要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量。

軸式驅動系統結構更加緊湊，安裝和拆卸也更加方便，不占據車體空間，有利于布置蓄電池。而電動車機電一體化驅動系統是由左右兩個雙聯式電動機組成，分別驅動兩個車輪。在雙聯式電機之間裝有電子控制的差速器，用來控制雙聯電動機在車輛直線行駛時同步轉動和汽車轉彎時的差速轉動。機電一體化驅動系統僅采用兩根半軸來驅動車輪，使電動車的(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)形(xing)成(cheng)獨特的(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)，使結構更加緊(jin)湊，是電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車的(de)(de)主要(yao)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)。而(er)輪式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)機驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)，是將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機直接裝在電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車的(de)(de)車輪里，用來直接驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車的(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪。這種(zhong)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)式(shi)(shi)不(bu)但提高了傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)效率，不(bu)占電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車的(de)(de)本身和底盤空間(jian)，而(er)且(qie)減少了車輛的(de)(de)懸掛重量，截止2013年，所(suo)有電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車主要(yao)采取的(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)設計(ji)(ji)方(fang)案。輪式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)機驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)可以(yi)兩輪驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，也(ye)可以(yi)設計(ji)(ji)四輪驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。在太(tai)陽能電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車的(de)(de)設計(ji)(ji)中應該是最佳驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)案。