太陽能電(dian)動車(che)怎么樣

太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)是可再生(sheng)、可持(chi)續性發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)戰略能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)。當華爾(er)街風暴席卷全球時(shi)，各先進(jin)技(ji)術(shu)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)無不在新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)領域(yu)下賭注、投資本(ben)，以期獲(huo)得經濟復興(xing)。特(te)別是以汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)產業為經濟支柱的(de)(de)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)，尤其在新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)動力(li)上力(li)圖有所創(chuang)新(xin)和(he)發(fa)展(zhan)，如在電(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)、燃料電(dian)池汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)領域(yu)紛(fen)紛(fen)投入巨資，而在太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)領域(yu)更是探索不止(zhi)，力(li)度加大。由于(yu)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)是各種可再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)中最重要(yao)的(de)(de)基本(ben)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，通過(guo)轉換裝置把太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽輻射(she)能(neng)(neng)轉換成電(dian)能(neng)(neng)利用，屬于(yu)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)光(guang)發(fa)電(dian)技(ji)術(shu)。光(guang)電(dian)轉換裝置通常是利用半導體器件的(de)(de)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)效應原理進(jin)行光(guang)電(dian)轉換的(de)(de)，因此也稱(cheng)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)技(ji)術(shu)，又稱(cheng)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)池。

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據報道，太陽(yang)能(neng)光伏(fu)技(ji)術不僅在先進技(ji)術國家(jia)得到快速(su)發(fa)展(zhan)，中(zhong)國的(de)太陽(yang)能(neng)產業也以(yi)每年(nian)20%~30%的(de)速(su)度增(zeng)長。到2020年(nian)，太陽(yang)能(neng)領(ling)域的(de)銷(xiao)售額(e)將增(zeng)加(jia)一(yi)倍，屆時(shi)中(zhong)國將有1%的(de)能(neng)源(yuan)消耗來自(zi)太陽(yang)能(neng)。今后幾年(nian)，我國太陽(yang)能(neng)使用不僅在能(neng)源(yuan)領(ling)域會(hui)獲得飛速(su)發(fa)展(zhan)，在汽車(che)領(ling)域的(de)應(ying)用也會(hui)得到不斷的(de)提高(gao)。

太陽能電動車車身特點

1、結構具有輕、小、巧(qiao)、美四(si)大特性。車型(xing)輕，能(neng)大幅度減輕能(neng)源的消耗，降低成本；車身小，可在城市中(zhong)心地帶穿街走(zou)巷(xiang)行(xing)駛（不超過(guo)兩人并(bing)排(pai)騎自行(xing)車占用(yong)的道(dao)路面積），增加道(dao)路流量，改善(shan)交通狀況；結構設計(ji)巧(qiao)妙(miao)、實用(yong)、緊湊、堅固、耐用(yong)；流線型(xing)外觀，造型(xing)美觀大方。

2、以光、電(dian)代替油(you)，可節約(yue)有限的石油(you)資(zi)源(yuan)。白天(tian)(tian)，太陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)把光能(neng)(neng)轉換為電(dian)能(neng)(neng)自動存(cun)儲(chu)在動力電(dian)池(chi)中。在晚間或陰(yin)雨天(tian)(tian)，可以利(li)用家用交流電(dian)（220V）進行(xing)充電(dian)，確保車輛照常(chang)行(xing)駛(shi)。

3、節能(neng)(neng)，本發明的(de)(de)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)動(dong)車，耗能(neng)(neng)少，只需采用(yong)(yong)3-4平米(mi)的(de)(de)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池組件便可(ke)行駛起(qi)來(lai)。燃油汽車在(zai)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)過程中(zhong)要(yao)遵守卡(ka)諾(nuo)循(xun)環(huan)的(de)(de)規(gui)律(lv)來(lai)做(zuo)功，熱效率比較低，約(yue)為(wei)12%-15%，只有1/3左右的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)用(yong)(yong)在(zai)推(tui)動(dong)車輛前進上，其余2/3左右的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)損失在(zai)發動(dong)機和驅動(dong)鏈上；而太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)動(dong)車的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)不(bu)受卡(ka)諾(nuo)循(xun)環(huan)規(gui)律(lv)的(de)(de)限(xian)制，熱效率要(yao)高(gao)得多，可(ke)達到(dao)34%-40%，90%的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)用(yong)(yong)于推(tui)動(dong)車輛前進。

4、高度重視安(an)全(quan)(quan)問(wen)題，將主動安(an)全(quan)(quan)性列為重要問(wen)題考(kao)慮，在車身(shen)的前部(bu)特別設計內保(bao)險(xian)結構(gou)，保(bao)障駕駛員的生命安(an)全(quan)(quan)，每個座位上都設有三點式安(an)全(quan)(quan)帶、座椅頭枕(zhen)。另外，前后(hou)(hou)保(bao)險(xian)杠、高位剎車燈、轉向燈、前大(da)燈、尾(wei)燈、后(hou)(hou)視鏡(jing)、安(an)全(quan)(quan)擋風玻璃、雨刮器等配置(zhi)一應俱全(quan)(quan)，而且還可以(yi)選(xuan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)兒童(tong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)座椅等選(xuan)配裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)。

5、作為一種低速車，其設計、生(sheng)產和(he)(he)安全標準與傳統轎(jiao)車相比毫不遜(xun)色。前后(hou)均有獨立懸掛，四輪鼓(gu)式制動，采用創新前橋和(he)(he)傳向系統，30km/h速度到停止的剎車距離(li)不超過7.3米。

6、無污(wu)(wu)染。因為不用(yong)燃油，本車不會排放污(wu)(wu)染大(da)氣的有害氣體。

7、無噪音。沒(mei)有內燃(ran)機，行駛時不會聽(ting)到(dao)燃(ran)油汽車(che)的轟鳴聲。

8、使用費用低廉。車上(shang)配有充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)和(he)充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制器(qi)(qi)，有兩路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)可(ke)向動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。有太(tai)陽光時，太(tai)陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組件通(tong)過充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制器(qi)(qi)向動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，公里(li)行駛成本(ben)為(wei)零；無太(tai)陽光時，隨時隨地都能用家(jia)用220V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，通(tong)過充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)向動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，公里(li)行駛成本(ben)為(wei)3分錢。

9、易(yi)駕(jia)駛。無(wu)需(xu)(xu)電(dian)子點火，只需(xu)(xu)踩踏(ta)加速板(ban)便可(ke)啟動，利(li)用(yong)控制器(qi)控制車速，勿(wu)需(xu)(xu)換檔、踩離合(he)器(qi)，簡化了(le)(le)駕(jia)駛的復雜(za)性，避免了(le)(le)因操作失誤而造(zao)成的事故隱患(huan)，安全性高。特別適合(he)婦(fu)女和老年人駕(jia)駛。

10、方便。由于(yu)車(che)身結構簡單，除了定期更換(huan)動力電(dian)池外(wai)，基本(ben)不需(xu)日常保養(yang)，省卻(que)了傳(chuan)統汽車(che)必須(xu)經常更換(huan)機(ji)油、添加冷卻(que)水等定期養(yang)護(hu)的(de)煩惱。小巧(qiao)玲瓏的(de)車(che)身，可以(yi)輕而易(yi)舉(ju)地將車(che)泊入擁擠不堪(kan)的(de)都市(shi)停(ting)車(che)場(chang)。

11、太陽能電動車的(de)(de)最大優(you)勢是環保(bao)、節能、安全、經濟，批量生產(chan)的(de)(de)成(cheng)本將(jiang)控制(zhi)在人(ren)民幣5-6千元左右，其市場目標鎖(suo)定(ding)在普通(tong)百姓(xing)家庭，將(jiang)成(cheng)為中國老百姓(xing)買(mai)得起、用得起、開(kai)得動(dong)的(de)(de)物(wu)美(mei)價廉的(de)(de)交通(tong)工具(ju)產(chan)品(pin)。

太陽能電動車電池特點

1、適合為(wei)48V配置的(de)電動車野外或行駛(shi)途中(zhong)補充電源。

2、太陽能充電器可(ke)以實現一(yi)邊(bian)行駛、一(yi)邊(bian)充電，幫助(zhu)電動車增加行程達50%以上。

3、太陽能(neng)充電(dian)器，既增強電(dian)動(dong)車行駛、 爬(pa)坡的動(dong)力，又減輕電(dian)機的負載磨損。

4、太陽能充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)及時(shi)對放電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態下(xia)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)補(bu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)量，對于(yu)減輕蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)極板硫(liu)化，延長(chang)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使(shi)用(yong)壽命效果顯著。同時(shi)又(you)能長(chang)期節省(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)費開支(zhi)，是降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)的使(shi)用(yong)成本(ben)的好幫手。

5、太陽(yang)能充(chong)電器安裝方便，美觀適用，節能環(huan)保(bao)。

6、本產品使(shi)用壽命可達12年(nian)左右(you)，應用價值很高。

太陽能電動車的驅動方式

太陽能電動(dong)車(che)因具所選擇(ze)的元件(jian)不同，布置方案也有(you)所不同。

主要有3大類：

1、傳統型驅動方式

這種布置方式容易實現，操(cao)作(zuo)和控制簡單。但能量(liang)損耗較(jiao)高、噪聲較(jiao)大(da)、整車(che)質量(liang)較(jiao)重(zhong)、行駛速度較(jiao)低、續駛里程較(jiao)短。

2、減速驅動方式

這種方式便(bian)于布置、較易驅動、質量(liang)輕、噪聲(sheng)小。但控(kong)制相對(dui)復(fu)雜(za)，并有(you)一定的(de)能量(liang)損耗。

3、獨立驅動方式

這(zhe)種(zhong)驅動方(fang)式(shi)動力傳動系元(yuan)件(jian)最少、結構最簡單、噪聲最低、車重最輕、可控性好，但(dan)造價高，控制成為關鍵問題。

太陽能電動車工作原理

陽光照射電池陣列時，產生光生電流。能量（電流）通過(guo)(guo)峰值功(gong)率跟蹤器2被直接(jie)傳送到電(dian)機控(kong)制器中，驅動電(dian)機5旋轉，使車(che)輛(liang)行(xing)駛。剩余電(dian)量由(you)蓄電(dian)池儲存(cun)起來，以(yi)便太陽電(dian)池板電(dian)量不足(zu)或陰(yin)雨(yu)天氣時驅動電(dian)機。這一過(guo)(guo)程由(you)控(kong)制器控(kong)制。車(che)輛(liang)的啟動、加速(su)、轉向、制動由(you)駕駛員操縱。

太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電池(chi)是一種對(dui)光有(you)響(xiang)應并能(neng)將光轉換成(cheng)電力的(de)器(qi)件裝置。能(neng)產(chan)生光伏效應的(de)材料有(you)許多(duo)種，如單晶硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)、多(duo)晶硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)、非晶硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)、砷化鎵、硒(xi)銦銅等，它(ta)們的(de)發電原(yuan)理(li)基本相同。以晶體為例：P型晶體硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)經(jing)過(guo)(guo)摻(chan)雜磷可(ke)得N型硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)，形(xing)成(cheng)P-N結(jie)。當(dang)(dang)光線照射太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電池(chi)陣列板(ban)的(de)表(biao)面時(shi)，一部分光子(zi)被(bei)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)材料吸收，光子(zi)的(de)能(neng)量傳遞(di)給了硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)原(yuan)子(zi)，使電子(zi)產(chan)生了躍(yue)遷，成(cheng)為自由(you)電子(zi)，在P-N結(jie)兩側集驟形(xing)成(cheng)了電位差，當(dang)(dang)外部電路接通時(shi)，在該電壓的(de)作用下，將會有(you)電流流過(guo)(guo)外部電路，從而產(chan)生一定(ding)的(de)輸出功率。這個過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)的(de)實質是：光子(zi)能(neng)量轉換成(cheng)電能(neng)的(de)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)。太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)陣列電池(chi)板(ban)是由(you)光敏半(ban)導體材料制成(cheng)的(de)，大(da)多(duo)使用硅(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)化合(he)物(wu)。

根據所用(yong)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)不同，太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)板可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)：硅太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)；以無機鹽如砷化(hua)(hua)鎵(jia)III-V化(hua)(hua)合(he)物、硫化(hua)(hua)鎘、硒銦銅等多元化(hua)(hua)合(he)物為(wei)(wei)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)；功(gong)能(neng)高(gao)分(fen)子材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)制備的(de)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)；和納(na)米晶太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)等。不論以何(he)種材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)來制作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，對太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)一般的(de)要(yao)求有：半導體材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)禁帶不能(neng)太(tai)寬；要(yao)有較高(gao)的(de)光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)換效率；材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)本身對環(huan)境不造成污染；材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)便于(yu)工業化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)產且(qie)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)性能(neng)穩定。基于(yu)以上(shang)幾個方面考慮，硅是(shi)最(zui)理想的(de)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)，這也是(shi)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)板以硅材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)為(wei)(wei)主的(de)主要(yao)原(yuan)因。

太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組件是(shi)(shi)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)中的(de)(de)核心部(bu)分，也是(shi)(shi)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)中價值(zhi)最高的(de)(de)部(bu)分。其(qi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)(shi)將(jiang)太(tai)陽(yang)的(de)(de)輻射能(neng)(neng)量(liang)轉(zhuan)換為電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)，或送(song)往蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池中存儲起來(lai)，或推動負載(zai)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)組件中的(de)(de)質量(liang)和成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)將(jiang)直接決定整個系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)質量(liang)和成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)。太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)控(kong)制(zhi)器的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)(shi)管理(li)和控(kong)制(zhi)整個系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)狀態(tai)，并對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池起到(dao)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)、過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，與純電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動源控(kong)制(zhi)管理(li)系(xi)統(tong)具有相同的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。在溫差較大的(de)(de)地方，合格(ge)的(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)器還應(ying)具備溫度補償的(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)。其(qi)它附加功(gong)能(neng)(neng)如光(guang)控(kong)、時控(kong)等(deng)應(ying)當都(dou)是(shi)(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)器的(de)(de)可選項。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)(shi)在有光(guang)照時將(jiang)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組件所提供(gong)(gong)出的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)儲存起來(lai)，到(dao)需要的(de)(de)時候再釋放(fang)出來(lai)。

太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組件是由單(dan)個(ge)光伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)拼(pin)接組成(cheng)，或由折疊式(shi)支架拼(pin)接組成(cheng)陣列(lie)(lie)。因為單(dan)個(ge)光伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)（如(ru)硅電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)）的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓太(tai)低，所以都(dou)要把它(ta)們串(chuan)、并聯構(gou)成(cheng)有(you)實用價(jia)值(zhi)的(de)(de)光伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)板，陣列(lie)(lie)成(cheng)一個(ge)應(ying)用單(dan)元，然后根(gen)據供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要求，再(zai)由多個(ge)應(ying)用單(dan)元的(de)(de)串(chuan)、并聯組成(cheng)整(zheng)個(ge)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)光伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)板的(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)組件。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組是太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)光伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)裝置，在夜(ye)間(jian)或光照(zhao)不足及負(fu)載(zai)消耗超出光伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量時(shi)，由蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組向負(fu)載(zai)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。為了減輕整(zheng)個(ge)系統的(de)(de)重(zhong)量，應(ying)采用高能(neng)(neng)(neng)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組。

太陽能電動汽車與燃(ran)油汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)在(zai)動(dong)力結(jie)構上有很大(da)的(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)，但與純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)結(jie)構卻有許多相同(tong)之處(chu)。所不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)是純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式必(bi)須依(yi)靠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，而(er)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)來自于太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源兩種充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式，而(er)純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)不(bu)必(bi)背負巨大(da)的(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)陳列(lie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)板。當(dang)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)板產生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，與控(kong)制裝(zhuang)置(zhi)和儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)連接后，再由另一端連接負載，負載就是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)（驅動(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)）。一般(ban)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)運行(xing)時，被轉換的(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽光(guang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)通過控(kong)制裝(zhuang)置(zhi)直運送到(dao)負載，而(er)在(zai)停駛或太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽光(guang)足時，剩余部分(fen)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)向(xiang)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并儲(chu)(chu)存起(qi)來，當(dang)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽光(guang)不(bu)足時，由太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)同(tong)時向(xiang)負載供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；當(dang)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)減速(su)或剎(cha)車(che)(che)(che)(che)時，還應設計(ji)“回授性(xing)制動(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)”，將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量通過控(kong)制器，將發動(dong)機(ji)變成發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，反向(xiang)進入蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行(xing)儲(chu)(chu)存。用互(hu)補式不(bu)間斷供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)術，改變嚴(yan)重(zhong)依(yi)賴天氣的(de)(de)缺陷，完善電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。

在設計電動車整個供電系統時應綜合考慮以下幾個方面：

一是光(guang)(guang)強與負載。太陽(yang)能光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電池是一種光(guang)(guang)電轉換裝(zhuang)置，其(qi)輸出功率(lv)的(de)(de)大小(xiao)取決于(yu)光(guang)(guang)照的(de)(de)強度，要拼裝(zhuang)多大的(de)(de)太陽(yang)能光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電池組件主(zhu)要取決于(yu)能夠(gou)接受光(guang)(guang)照的(de)(de)強度及(ji)所(suo)用負載的(de)(de)大小(xiao)。

二是蓄電池組的選擇。要根據光伏電池組合的發電容量來選擇蓄電池組的容量，以便在陰雨天及晚上可以由蓄電(dian)池(chi)向負載(zai)供電(dian)，為了減輕系統重(zhong)要，最好選用(yong)高比能(neng)量的蓄電(dian)池(chi)。

三是機(ji)械強(qiang)。考慮(lv)到電(dian)動汽車的整(zheng)(zheng)個供(gong)電(dian)系統(tong)(tong)都是在運動和運行中使用，必須(xu)考慮(lv)系統(tong)(tong)的機(ji)械強(qiang)度，耐腐蝕性，耐氣候(hou)變化(hua)等各種因素。太(tai)陽能光伏電(dian)池組陣列應采(cai)取高(gao)強(qiang)度鋼(gang)化(hua)玻璃外(wai)殼，支(zhi)架系統(tong)(tong)應采(cai)用高(gao)強(qiang)度材料。使整(zheng)(zheng)個供(gong)電(dian)系統(tong)(tong)具(ju)有(you)便于運行、重量輕(qing)、效率高(gao)、可靠性好、造價低(di)等優勢。

太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)池板是將(jiang)太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)轉(zhuan)變為(wei)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，是因為(wei)光(guang)子在日光(guang)下產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)帶動(dong)電(dian)子從(cong)一(yi)個半(ban)運動(dong)的(de)(de)金屬粒(li)子的(de)(de)一(yi)層轉(zhuan)移到(dao)另(ling)一(yi)層面(mian)，電(dian)子的(de)(de)運動(dong)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)了通用(yong)的(de)(de)電(dian)力。太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)池板可(ke)以由(you)光(guang)電(dian)轉(zhuan)化率(lv)、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)比大(da)小來選擇。由(you)于(yu)許多獨立的(de)(de)硅片被(bei)組合，形成(cheng)龐大(da)的(de)(de)太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏(fu)陣列，并產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠電(dian)動(dong)汽車驅動(dong)的(de)(de)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，而這種電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)還必須達到(dao)高電(dian)壓、高功率(lv)的(de)(de)程度，這就要有一(yi)個重要的(de)(de)系統-電(dian)力控制系統。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車的心臟(zang)部位(wei)就是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及(ji)其(qi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組，而運行系統基本上是由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機來組成。而在太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車上其(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)系統不僅僅控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)源(yuan)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)），還要增加太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)陣列的控(kong)制(zhi)功能(neng)(neng)。太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)所(suo)供應的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓與(yu)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組飽和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓基本相同，可以直接(jie)耦合，在太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)功率充(chong)(chong)足時(shi)，多余的能(neng)(neng)量進入(ru)儲能(neng)(neng)的蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，在太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)光電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功率不足時(shi)由蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)完成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力驅動(dong)(dong)的任務。這(zhe)些(xie)，必(bi)須由控(kong)制(zhi)系統來完成。控(kong)制(zhi)系統的功能(neng)(neng)就是對(dui)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的過程(cheng)進行控(kong)制(zhi)和保(bao)護，這(zhe)樣才能(neng)(neng)保(bao)證(zheng)對(dui)整個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)源(yuan)系統的正(zheng)常(chang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)其(qi)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車的驅動(dong)(dong)。最(zui)簡單的控(kong)制(zhi)系統也應該起到以下三個方(fang)面的作用：

一是按(an)照使用要求給出穩(wen)定的(de)電壓、電流；

二(er)是(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)過(guo)充電(dian)(dian)或過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)時可以報(bao)警或自動切斷電(dian)(dian)路；

三是負載發生短路(lu)時可(ke)以(yi)自動切斷(duan)電源電路(lu)。

控(kong)(kong)制系統(tong)是(shi)控(kong)(kong)制太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)陣列板對(dui)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)充電(dian)以及(ji)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)(he)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)對(dui)負載(zai)(zai)的(de)放電(dian)過(guo)程，實現對(dui)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)(he)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)科學管理，指(zhi)示(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)過(guo)壓(ya)、欠壓(ya)等運行(xing)狀態(tai)，具有兩路(lu)負載(zai)(zai)輸出(chu)的(de)管理，或(huo)兩路(lu)負載(zai)(zai)可以隨意設置為同(tong)(tong)時工作、分時工作或(huo)單(dan)獨(du)工作等模式，同(tong)(tong)時具有負載(zai)(zai)過(guo)流、短(duan)路(lu)保護功能(neng)，具有較高的(de)自動(dong)化和(he)(he)智能(neng)化水平。其硬件結(jie)構主要由電(dian)壓(ya)采集(ji)電(dian)路(lu)、負載(zai)(zai)輸出(chu)控(kong)(kong)制與檢測(ce)電(dian)路(lu)、指(zhi)示(shi)或(huo)顯示(shi)電(dian)路(lu)及(ji)鍵盤電(dian)路(lu)等部分組成。電(dian)壓(ya)采集(ji)電(dian)路(lu)包括太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)板和(he)(he)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)采集(ji)，用(yong)于太(tai)陽(yang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)線(xian)強(qiang)弱(ruo)的(de)識別以及(ji)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)獲取等。

在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)源控制(zhi)系統(tong)利用(yong)子系統(tong)的(de)控制(zhi)功能(neng)(neng)對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管理時，若太陽能(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)正常充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)時，控制(zhi)器將關(guan)(guan)(guan)斷(duan)負載，以(yi)保(bao)證負載不被損(sun)傷(shang)，當充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高于(yu)保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時自動(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)斷(duan)對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；此后若電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓掉(diao)至(zhi)維護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)進入(ru)浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)狀態(tai)，當蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)低于(yu)維護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時，啟(qi)動(dong)的(de)應當是均充(chong)(chong)狀態(tai)。當蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低于(yu)保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時，控制(zhi)系統(tong)應當自動(dong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)閉(bi)負載開關(guan)(guan)(guan)，以(yi)保(bao)護(hu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)不受損(sun)壞(huai)。在蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)負載關(guan)(guan)(guan)閉(bi)后，有兩(liang)路充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路可選(xuan)擇使(shi)用(yong)，在太陽光(guang)照(zhao)較(jiao)強時自動(dong)啟(qi)動(dong)太陽能(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)板(ban)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，使(shi)其發揮更大(da)功效，或使(shi)用(yong)外充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源進行快速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

太陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動源控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)軟件(jian)設計與硬件(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路是相(xiang)對應的(de)(de)(de)(de)，包括有主程(cheng)序、定時中斷程(cheng)序、A/D轉換(huan)子(zi)程(cheng)序、外部(bu)轉換(huan)子(zi)程(cheng)序及(ji)鍵盤處理(li)(li)子(zi)程(cheng)序、充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管理(li)(li)子(zi)程(cheng)序、負載管理(li)(li)子(zi)程(cheng)序等。作為(wei)太陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車的(de)(de)(de)(de)“心臟”——電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動源的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系統，不(bu)僅僅需要(yao)具(ju)備基(ji)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)功能(neng)，還(huan)要(yao)能(neng)體(ti)現現代控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)念，也(ye)就是達(da)到“一體(ti)化”控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，并實現“智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化”的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)管理(li)(li)能(neng)力，在基(ji)本(ben)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統基(ji)礎上，“智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化”的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動源控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系統是以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)模(mo)(mo)塊為(wei)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)中心，增加了以(yi)鍵盤輸入、遙控(kong)及(ji)液晶顯(xian)示組成的(de)(de)(de)(de)人工界面模(mo)(mo)塊，還(huan)增加了以(yi)安全報警模(mo)(mo)塊，在內(nei)部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)算法(fa)還(huan)可(ke)采取模(mo)(mo)糊控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)或其它(ta)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)算法(fa)實現，此外還(huan)可(ke)以(yi)使用預留可(ke)擴(kuo)展模(mo)(mo)塊.

太陽能電(dian)(dian)動車充電(dian)(dian)器介紹

太(tai)陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組，要根(gen)據(ju)光伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組件的(de)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)容量來合理選(xuan)擇蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組的(de)容量，以(yi)(yi)便(bian)在(zai)陰雨天及晚上可以(yi)(yi)由蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組向負載供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。那么(me)具體選(xuan)擇何種蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，不能不做各種蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)性能的(de)綜合分析。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的研(yan)發(fa)經歷(li)是(shi)從(cong)鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)開始的，鉛(qian)酸(suan)動(dong)(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)經歷(li)了(le)100余(yu)年的發(fa)展，在(zai)人們(men)研(yan)發(fa)了(le)鎳氫動(dong)(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)及(ji)(ji)繼(ji)而又研(yan)發(fa)了(le)鋰動(dong)(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)之后，便被(bei)業內(nei)猜測該退出歷(li)史舞臺了(le)。然(ran)(ran)而，鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)仍(reng)然(ran)(ran)是(shi)大(da)量(liang)(liang)生產的蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)系列(lie)。鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)作為(wei)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)成熟的蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)技術雖然(ran)(ran)比(bi)(bi)能(neng)量(liang)(liang)、比(bi)(bi)功率和能(neng)量(liang)(liang)密度都比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)低，但是(shi)高(gao)的性價比(bi)(bi)及(ji)(ji)高(gao)倍率放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，仍(reng)然(ran)(ran)成為(wei)唯一能(neng)大(da)批量(liang)(liang)生產的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，其主要應(ying)用于大(da)量(liang)(liang)進入市場(chang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)自行車(che)。但鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)上的應(ying)用尚存在(zai)續(xu)駛里(li)程短，使(shi)用壽命差、及(ji)(ji)體積大(da)、質量(liang)(liang)重、不環保等缺點(dian)，不僅在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的應(ying)用上受到阻礙，想成為(wei)太陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)上的儲(chu)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)范(fan)疇應(ying)用其難度是(shi)可想而知的。

鎳(nie)氫蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)鋰離(li)子蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)出(chu)現以前(qian)，曾在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)上(shang)廣(guang)泛試用，其(qi)比能(neng)(neng)(neng)量達到(dao)75~80Wh/kg，比功率達160~230w/kg，循環使用壽命超過600次。由于(yu)鎳(nie)氫蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)安全性方(fang)面較(jiao)有(you)優勢(shi)，所以在(zai)混合動(dong)力汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)應用方(fang)面已經達到(dao)趨(qu)于(yu)成熟的(de)境界。應用比較(jiao)好的(de)汽(qi)車(che)(che)廠商如日本(ben)豐田(tian)、美國(guo)通用等公司。但鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)價格上(shang)遠高于(yu)鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，以及能(neng)(neng)(neng)量密度(du)低于(yu)鋰離(li)子蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，所以，難以成為太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)首選蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。

太陽能電動汽車的蓄電池是(shi)(shi)通過(guo)太陽(yang)能光伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)板(ban)給予充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)（在(zai)光照不足時也(ye)可以(yi)(yi)通過(guo)外(wai)接(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）。為(wei)了(le)最(zui)大限度地降(jiang)低整個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，方便(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行，選(xuan)擇大容量(liang)(liang)(liang)高倍(bei)(bei)率(lv)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)離子蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，是(shi)(shi)太陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)佳選(xuan)擇。雖然鋰(li)(li)離子蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)與鉛(qian)(qian)酸蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成本(ben)相比(bi)有所(suo)增加，但在(zai)相同容量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)，比(bi)采用(yong)鉛(qian)(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)減(jian)輕4倍(bei)(bei)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，因為(wei)鋰(li)(li)離子蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)比(bi)能量(liang)(liang)(liang)、循環壽命(ming)、自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)及環保諸多方面都具有優越(yue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性能。它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)能量(liang)(liang)(liang)可達(da)150Wh/kg，是(shi)(shi)鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍(bei)(bei)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)，鉛(qian)(qian)酸蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4倍(bei)(bei)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)。由于比(bi)能量(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)鉛(qian)(qian)酸蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四分(fen)之(zhi)一，從這(zhe)個角(jiao)度分(fen)析(xi)鋰(li)(li)離子蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)對能量(liang)(liang)(liang)消耗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資源就(jiu)少。由于鋰(li)(li)離子蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)所(suo)用(yong)元素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儲量(liang)(liang)(liang)比(bi)較多，資源較豐富，因此，鉛(qian)(qian)酸蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和鎳氫蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)可能會進(jin)一步(bu)漲(zhang)價，鋰(li)(li)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)成本(ben)反而會進(jin)一步(bu)降(jiang)低。

太(tai)陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)源系統采用(yong)鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)重(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)減輕重(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)，提(ti)高(gao)整個系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輕便性能。另外它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單位體積能量(liang)很大，高(gao)達400Wh/L，相同(tong)容(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體積是(shi)(shi)鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)分之一(yi)到(dao)四分之一(yi)，為(wei)進行輕巧(qiao)、靈活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計要求(qiu)提(ti)供(gong)了更為(wei)廣(guang)(guang)闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計空間。另外鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)復充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壽命(ming)長，單體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)循環(huan)次(ci)(ci)數可達1500次(ci)(ci)以上(shang)。作為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組如果有好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監控管理系統，在(zai)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)達到(dao)均衡程(cheng)度，仍(reng)然可達1000次(ci)(ci)以上(shang)。因為(wei)太(tai)陽(yang)能蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)使用(yong)時(shi)常常可以浮充或淺放(fang)，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組壽命(ming)不會像純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)那(nei)樣(yang)短。鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)另一(yi)個優點是(shi)(shi)自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率低，這(zhe)在(zai)連續陰天和在(zai)夜間蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)存電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能都(dou)有相當(dang)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)處，可以提(ti)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性能。在(zai)鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)保持60%~80%計算(suan)，使用(yong)年限應(ying)不低于3~5年，壽命(ming)相當(dang)于鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)倍左右(you)。由于鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)不含(han)鉛和鎘等重(zhong)(zhong)金屬(shu)，被業內稱為(wei)綠(lv)色環(huan)保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。隨著我國鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)動(dong)(dong)力(li)型(xing)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷提(ti)高(gao)，特別在(zai)鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)動(dong)(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)使用(yong)、管理、控制技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)突(tu)破(po)并(bing)會不斷提(ti)高(gao)水(shui)平，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)壽命(ming)也(ye)(ye)會越(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)長，性價比(bi)也(ye)(ye)會越(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)有優勢，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)也(ye)(ye)會越(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)廣(guang)(guang)泛。鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)動(dong)(dong)力(li)型(xing)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)不僅(jin)在(zai)太(tai)陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)上(shang)、純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)上(shang)，和燃料電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)汽(qi)車(che)(che)得(de)到(dao)廣(guang)(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)，還會在(zai)航空、航海等領域得(de)到(dao)廣(guang)(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)。

太陽能電動汽車驅動系統

汽(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)所(suo)在就(jiu)是(shi)驅動(dong)。太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)當(dang)然也(ye)在于此。無論采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)何種(zhong)電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)當(dang)然也(ye)在于此。無論采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)何種(zhong)電(dian)動(dong)機負載，其設計和使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)目(mu)標都是(shi)為(wei)滿足電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)行駛(shi)需要。由(you)(you)于直流(liu)電(dian)機有良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)調(diao)整性能(neng)(neng)(neng)，早(zao)期開發的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車大多(duo)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)了直流(liu)電(dian)機。近代電(dian)子技術和控制技術的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)，交流(liu)感應電(dian)機、永磁(ci)無刷(shua)電(dian)機、開關(guan)阻(zu)磁(ci)電(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)范(fan)圍逐步擴大、性能(neng)(neng)(neng)越來越完善(shan)，電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車所(suo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)直流(liu)電(dian)機也(ye)由(you)(you)這些電(dian)機所(suo)取代。總的(de)(de)(de)趨勢(shi)是(shi)交流(liu)電(dian)機將取代直流(liu)電(dian)機。

大多數太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是雙(shuang)線(xian)圈交流無刷電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，這種交流無刷電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是輕(qing)(qing)質材料(liao)制造，非常適合于太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)“輕(qing)(qing)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求，在(zai)額定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)RPM（每秒轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)）達到99%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)效率。這比以前使(shi)用(yong)(yong)直接引(yin)導式(shi)(shi)(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)傳(chuan)送(song)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)要(yao)先進。這種傳(chuan)送(song)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)也稱其為機(ji)(ji)(ji)械驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。這種機(ji)(ji)(ji)械驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系統還有選用(yong)(yong)傳(chuan)統汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)速(su)(su)器、傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸、后橋和(he)半軸等部件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。而電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)通過鏈條和(he)履帶(dai)同一個單一的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒輪(lun)(lun)(lun)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)，與車(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)鏈接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)引(yin)導式(shi)(shi)(shi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)要(yao)比機(ji)(ji)(ji)械驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)先進了(le)一步。有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)還使(shi)用(yong)(yong)變(bian)(bian)頻履帶(dai)式(shi)(shi)(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)傳(chuan)送(song)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)給(gei)車(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，但這種變(bian)(bian)頻履帶(dai)式(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)需要(yao)精確地(di)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)和(he)有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精細的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配置(zhi)。2013年，太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)多齒輪(lun)(lun)(lun)傳(chuan)送(song)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)已經被(bei)淘汰，雙(shuang)線(xian)圈電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)。在(zai)雙(shuang)線(xian)圈之間轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換改變(bian)(bian)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)度，低(di)速(su)(su)線(xian)圈能為太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he)減速(su)(su)提供高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)力(li)矩，而高速(su)(su)線(xian)圈則為汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)運行提供高效率和(he)最佳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運行效果(guo)。特(te)別在(zai)軸式(shi)(shi)(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)設計中，一個軸式(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)去除了(le)許多外加的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)送(song)設備，這大大提高了(le)駕駛車(che)(che)(che)輛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效率，縮減了(le)用(yong)(yong)于驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)而需要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能量。

軸式驅動系統結構更加緊湊，安裝和拆卸也更加方便，不占據車體空間，有利于布置蓄電池。而電動車機電一體化驅動系統是由左右兩個雙聯式電動機組成，分別驅動兩個車輪。在雙聯式電機之間裝有電子控制的差速器，用來控制雙聯電動機在車輛直線行駛時同步轉動和汽車轉彎時的差速轉動。機電一體化驅動系統僅采用兩根半軸來驅動車輪，使電動車的(de)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)模式形成獨特的(de)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統，使結構更加緊湊，是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)模式。而輪(lun)(lun)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)機驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統，是(shi)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機直(zhi)(zhi)接裝在電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)車(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)里，用來直(zhi)(zhi)接驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)。這(zhe)種(zhong)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)式不但提高了傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)效率，不占電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)本(ben)身(shen)和(he)底盤空間，而且減(jian)少(shao)了車(che)(che)(che)輛的(de)懸掛重量，截止2013年，所有電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)采(cai)取的(de)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)設計方(fang)案。輪(lun)(lun)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)機驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統可(ke)以兩輪(lun)(lun)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，也可(ke)以設計四輪(lun)(lun)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。在太陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)設計中應(ying)該是(shi)最佳驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)案。