一、三輪電動車用途

電力作為一種環保，清潔，轉換率高的重要的能源，廣泛用于生產和生活。以電力為應用來驅動交通工具的更(geng)新換代，促進交(jiao)通(tong)運輸(shu)行業的低碳化發展，降低交(jiao)通(tong)成本，節約能(neng)源，保護環境，是世(shi)界各國研究的重要(yao)課題(ti)之一，經過幾十年的發展，已經應用在電(dian)(dian)動(dong)城(cheng)市公(gong)交(jiao)車(che)(che)輛，廠礦(kuang)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)運輸(shu)車(che)(che)輛，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)城(cheng)市環衛清潔車(che)(che)輛，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，遂道，地鐵(tie)施工(gong)(gong)專用車(che)(che)輛等諸多領域。電動三輪車以(yi)(yi)其適用性強，機(ji)動錄(lu)活，維護簡單(dan)，維修方(fang)(fang)便，價格低廉等(deng)(deng)優點，可以(yi)(yi)靈活地(di)穿行于狹(xia)小的馬路(lu)間(jian)。電動三輪車具有(you)倒(dao)(dao)車開(kai)關，可以(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)便的實現倒(dao)(dao)順行駛功能，這(zhe)在道路(lu)狹(xia)窄的胡同、小巷(xiang)非常(chang)實用,無論行駛停車均非常(chang)方(fang)(fang)便。廣泛應用于家庭(ting)、城(cheng)鄉、個(ge)體(ti)出(chu)租、廠區(qu)、礦區(qu)、環衛、社(she)區(qu)保潔等(deng)(deng)短途運輸(shu)領(ling)域。

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二、三輪電動車的分類

電動三輪車按用途分為(wei)家(jia)用型，貨運(yun)型，工廠(chang)型多種(zhong)(zhong)型號。因為(wei)用途的(de)(de)不同，采用的(de)(de)技(ji)術標(biao)準也不相同.家(jia)用型電(dian)(dian)動三(san)輪(lun)(lun)車(che)(che)(che)，大(da)部(bu)分采用是側輪(lun)(lun)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，外置車(che)(che)(che)架（車(che)(che)(che)架在(zai)車(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)外邊(bian)），這種(zhong)(zhong)結構的(de)(de)車(che)(che)(che)沒有大(da)軸，載重量輕，一般(ban)200KG左右，電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)一般(ban)為(wei)350-500W，電(dian)(dian)池為(wei)12V20AH電(dian)(dian)池，適合做(zuo)家(jia)用和老年代(dai)步工具。也有中(zhong)置電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)帶大(da)軸的(de)(de)，（大(da)軸又稱后橋、后梁，是連接三(san)輪(lun)(lun)車(che)(che)(che)后兩輪(lun)(lun)之間的(de)(de)車(che)(che)(che)軸，三(san)輪(lun)(lun)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)重要部(bu)件）這種(zhong)(zhong)車(che)(che)(che)穩(wen)定性好(hao)，中(zhong)置電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)同時驅動后兩輪(lun)(lun)，啟(qi)動平穩(wen)，不過這種(zhong)(zhong)三(san)輪(lun)(lun)車(che)(che)(che)一般(ban)比較貴。

貨運型電動三輪車，這種車也分為倆種，一種為摩托型，配置和款式和三輪摩托車差不多，中置電機帶大軸，配500W以上電機，載(zai)貨量一(yi)(yi)(yi)般在300-600KG，配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)有倒順(shun)開關，和調(diao)速系統。上路最快時速在35公里左右(you)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)種為機(ji)動三(san)(san)輪型(xing)，多由機(ji)動三(san)(san)輪改裝而成，后(hou)橋(qiao)，車箱完全采(cai)用(yong)機(ji)動三(san)(san)輪車配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)，載(zai)重都(dou)在一(yi)(yi)(yi)噸以上，可(ke)由變速箱進行調(diao)速，配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)4-5塊120AH大容量電(dian)瓶，直(zhi)流900W以上電(dian)機(ji)，有帶駕(jia)駛室的和不帶駕(jia)駛室的，也可(ke)配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)液壓升(sheng)降裝置(zhi)，用(yong)作(zuo)廠(chang)內(nei)裝卸(xie)散(san)裝物料(liao)和城(cheng)市(shi)用(yong)來清運垃圾等。

工廠型電動三輪車，使用環境一般比較惡劣，要求電機，電瓶比較耐用，能適應粉塵、高溫、崎嶇道(dao)路等(deng)(deng)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)，對車(che)(che)(che)(che)架用(yong)(yong)材(cai)，焊(han)接工(gong)(gong)藝要(yao)求(qiu)等(deng)(deng)較(jiao)高，車(che)(che)(che)(che)架用(yong)(yong)管材(cai)厚度都在(zai)2.5MM以(yi)上，后橋直徑在(zai)78MM以(yi)上，焊(han)接采用(yong)(yong)等(deng)(deng)離子保護焊(han)，焊(han)接密度高，焊(han)縫(feng)抗拉強度大(da)，不易斷裂。能適應工(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)操(cao)作環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。工(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)三輪車(che)(che)(che)(che)應用(yong)(yong)的(de)比較(jiao)多的(de)有磚廠(chang)(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)的(de)磚廠(chang)(chang)(chang)拉坯車(che)(che)(che)(che)，電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)平(ping)板車(che)(che)(che)(che)，電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)升降運(yun)(yun)水(shui)坯車(che)(che)(che)(che)等(deng)(deng)；磚廠(chang)(chang)(chang)、窯廠(chang)(chang)(chang)、耐火廠(chang)(chang)(chang)、陶瓷廠(chang)(chang)(chang)、焙燒廠(chang)(chang)(chang)等(deng)(deng)用(yong)(yong)的(de)電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝窯車(che)(che)(che)(che)、電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)出窯車(che)(che)(che)(che)等(deng)(deng)；工(gong)(gong)程、隧道(dao)、環(huan)(huan)衛用(yong)(yong)的(de)電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)運(yun)(yun)輸車(che)(che)(che)(che)，電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)自(zi)卸(xie)車(che)(che)(che)(che)，電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)衛清運(yun)(yun)車(che)(che)(che)(che)等(deng)(deng)。電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)運(yun)(yun)輸車(che)(che)(che)(che)和(he)電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)自(zi)卸(xie)車(che)(che)(che)(che)還應用(yong)(yong)于面粉廠(chang)(chang)(chang)，選礦廠(chang)(chang)(chang)，化工(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)、爐料(liao)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)、養殖場、批發部(bu)、城鄉家庭(ting)、出租(zu)等(deng)(deng)短途(tu)運(yun)(yun)輸等(deng)(deng)。

三、電瓶的維護

1、電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶不能(neng)虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)存(cun)放，虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)是指電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量用(yong)(yong)完后沒及時充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)易造成(cheng)硫酸的(de)鹽化，使(shi)硫酸鉛結晶物附著在電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶的(de)極板(ban)上(shang)，堵塞電(dian)(dian)(dian)離子的(de)通(tong)道(dao)，會造成(cheng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)不進去，電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶的(de)容(rong)量會下降。虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)下閑置時間(jian)越(yue)長(chang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶損(sun)傷越(yue)嚴重。電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶閑置不用(yong)(yong)時，應每月充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)一次(ci)，這才能(neng)延長(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命。

2、電(dian)(dian)動(dong)三輪(lun)車(che)的(de)電(dian)(dian)瓶在使(shi)用(yong)過程中要進行(xing)(xing)定期(qi)的(de)檢驗，如果電(dian)(dian)動(dong)自行(xing)(xing)車(che)的(de)續行(xing)(xing)里(li)程在短(duan)時(shi)(shi)間內突然下降(jiang)十幾公(gong)里(li)，則很(hen)有可能是(shi)電(dian)(dian)瓶組中至少有一(yi)塊(kuai)電(dian)(dian)池出現(xian)斷格、極板(ban)軟化、極板(ban)活性物(wu)質(zhi)脫落等短(duan)路現(xian)象(xiang)。此時(shi)(shi)，應及時(shi)(shi)到專業(ye)電(dian)(dian)瓶修復機構(gou)進行(xing)(xing)檢查(cha)、修復或配組。

3、勿大電(dian)流(liu)放電(dian)電(dian)動(dong)自行(xing)車在(zai)起步、載人、上(shang)坡時，最好用腳蹬助力(li)，盡量避(bi)免瞬間(jian)大電(dian)流(liu)放電(dian)。大電(dian)流(liu)放電(dian)容易導致(zhi)硫酸(suan)鉛結晶，從而損害電(dian)瓶極板(ban)的物理性能。

4、要掌握充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)，一般情況下，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)都在夜(ye)間(jian)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，平均充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)在8小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)左右。若是淺放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后行(xing)(xing)(xing)駛(shi)里程很短），電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶很快就會充(chong)(chong)滿，繼續充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)就會出現過(guo)充(chong)(chong)現象，導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶失(shi)水、發(fa)熱，降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶壽命。所(suo)以(yi)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)以(yi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深度為50%—60%時(shi)(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)一次電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)最佳(jia)，實(shi)(shi)際使用時(shi)(shi)(shi)可折算成騎行(xing)(xing)(xing)里程，根據實(shi)(shi)際情況進行(xing)(xing)(xing)必要充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，避免傷害性充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

5、要防止高溫(wen)曝曬(shai)電動車，嚴禁(jin)在陽光下曝曬(shai)。溫(wen)度(du)過(guo)高的環境會使蓄電池內部壓(ya)力增加而使電瓶限壓(ya)閥(fa)被迫自動開啟，直接后果就是增加電瓶的失水(shui)量(liang)，而電瓶過(guo)度(du)失水(shui)必然引發(fa)(fa)電瓶活性下降，加速極(ji)板軟化，充電時殼(ke)(ke)體發(fa)(fa)熱、殼(ke)(ke)體起鼓、變形等致命(ming)損(sun)傷。