什么是漏電保護器？

漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：就是流(liu)入的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和流(liu)出的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不(bu)等，意味著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)回路(lu)中還有(you)其(qi)它分(fen)支，可能是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)通過(guo)人(ren)體進(jin)入大地(di)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，將呈現異常的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)信(xin)號，漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通過(guo)檢測此(ci)異常信(xin)號，使執行機構(gou)(gou)動作。我(wo)們把(ba)根據故障電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)動作的(de)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)叫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)型漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，根據故障電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)動作的(de)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)叫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)型漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)型漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)結構(gou)(gou)復雜，受外界干擾動作特性穩定(ding)性差(cha)，制造成本(ben)高，現已基本(ben)淘汰。目前(qian)以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)型漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為主導地(di)位。

家用的漏(lou)電保護器接入(ru)端(duan)有“火”“零(ling)”兩根線。如(ru)果“火”和“零(ling)”線流過的電流不等，那么(me)感應線圈就會(hui)識別微小差別，并(bing)通過控制部分，迅速切斷(duan)開關（跳閘）。保護漏(lou)電流通常(chang)閾值為20mA。

但漏電(dian)保護器是通(tong)過控制某個(ge)開關(guan)斷開來實現的，它不能保證在整個(ge)供電(dian)回(hui)路出現短路時(shi)開關(guan)觸(chu)點還能斷開。??空氣開關(guan)則起過載或短路保護，當(dang)回(hui)路電(dian)流超過規定負載，空氣開關(guan)自動短路（跳閘）。空氣開關(guan)一般有單獨“火(huo)”線接(jie)入保護，也有“火(huo)”“零(ling)”接(jie)入同(tong)時(shi)保護。

因此，?漏電保護器(qi)和空氣開(kai)關(guan)各自實現的功能(neng)不(bu)同，不(bu)能(neng)互(hu)相代(dai)替(ti)！

漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)器（漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)開(kai)關）是一種電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣安全裝置。將漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)器安裝在低壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)路中，當發(fa)生漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)和觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，且達到保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)器所限(xian)定(ding)的動(dong)作電(dian)(dian)(dian)流值時(shi)(shi)，就立(li)即(ji)在限(xian)定(ding)的時(shi)(shi)間內動(dong)作自動(dong)斷開(kai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源進(jin)行保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"沉靜時光"提供，版權聲明反饋

漏電保護器的工作原理是什么？

1、當電氣設備發生漏電時，出現兩(liang)種異常現象：

一是，三相電流的(de)平衡(heng)遭到破壞，出現零序電流；

二是，正(zheng)常時不帶電(dian)的金屬外殼(ke)出現對(dui)地電(dian)壓（正(zheng)常時，金屬外殼(ke)與大地均為零電(dian)位）。

2、零序電(dian)流(liu)互(hu)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)的作用漏電(dian)保護器(qi)通過(guo)(guo)電(dian)流(liu)互(hu)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)檢(jian)測(ce)取(qu)得異(yi)常訊號，經過(guo)(guo)中間(jian)機構(gou)轉換(huan)傳(chuan)遞，使執行(xing)機構(gou)動作，通過(guo)(guo)開(kai)關裝置斷(duan)開(kai)電(dian)源。電(dian)流(liu)互(hu)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)的結構(gou)與變壓器(qi)類似，是(shi)由兩個互(hu)相(xiang)絕緣(yuan)繞在同一(yi)鐵心(xin)上(shang)的線圈(quan)(quan)組(zu)成。當一(yi)次線圈(quan)(quan)有剩余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)時，二(er)次線圈(quan)(quan)就會(hui)感(gan)(gan)應出(chu)電(dian)流(liu)。

3、漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)工作原(yuan)理(li)將漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)安裝在(zai)(zai)(zai)線路(lu)中(zhong)，一(yi)次(ci)線圈(quan)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的線路(lu)相(xiang)連接，二(er)次(ci)線圈(quan)與漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)中(zhong)的脫(tuo)扣器(qi)連接。當用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備正常運行時，線路(lu)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)呈平衡狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)，互(hu)(hu)感器(qi)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)矢(shi)量之和(he)為(wei)零（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)是有方(fang)(fang)向的矢(shi)量，如(ru)按流(liu)(liu)出的方(fang)(fang)向為(wei)“＋”，返(fan)回方(fang)(fang)向為(wei)“－”，在(zai)(zai)(zai)互(hu)(hu)感器(qi)中(zhong)往返(fan)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)大小相(xiang)等，方(fang)(fang)向相(xiang)反，正負(fu)相(xiang)互(hu)(hu)抵銷）。由(you)于(yu)一(yi)次(ci)線圈(quan)中(zhong)沒有剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，所以不(bu)會感應二(er)次(ci)線圈(quan)，漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)的開(kai)關裝置(zhi)處(chu)于(yu)閉(bi)合狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)運行。當設備外殼(ke)發生(sheng)漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并有人(ren)觸及時，則在(zai)(zai)(zai)故(gu)障點產生(sheng)分流(liu)(liu)，此漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)經(jing)(jing)人(ren)體？大地？工作接地，返(fan)回變(bian)壓器(qi)中(zhong)性點（并未經(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)互(hu)(hu)感器(qi)），致使互(hu)(hu)感器(qi)申(shen)(shen)流(liu)(liu)入(ru)、流(liu)(liu)出的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)出現了(le)不(bu)平衡（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)矢(shi)量之和(he)不(bu)為(wei)零），一(yi)次(ci)線圈(quan)申(shen)(shen)產生(sheng)剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。因(yin)此，便會感應二(er)次(ci)線圈(quan)，當這個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)值(zhi)達(da)到該(gai)漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)限定的動作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)值(zhi)時，自(zi)動開(kai)關脫(tuo)扣，切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。

漏電斷路器內部結構

漏電(dian)斷路(lu)器(qi)由DZ47系列斷路(lu)器(qi)和(he)漏電(dian)保護(hu)器(qi)（習慣(guan)上稱之為脫扣器(qi)）組(zu)裝(zhuang)而成。斷路(lu)器(qi)部(bu)分(fen)主要包括(kuo)以(yi)下部(bu)件。

1）過(guo)電流脫扣器(qi)（雙金、電磁系統）；

2）滅弧(hu)裝置（滅弧(hu)系(xi)統）；

3）觸頭系統；

4）外殼和接(jie)線端子(zi)；

5）操作機構(gou)（手柄、鎖扣(kou)、跳扣(kou)、杠桿）。

斷(duan)路(lu)器(qi)的過(guo)載保護(hu)功(gong)能的實(shi)現是(shi)利(li)用雙金(jin)屬隨(sui)著溫(wen)度升高而定向按規律(lv)彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)的原(yuan)理，正常電(dian)流（1.13In）彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)度不大，因此推(tui)力(li)不足以(yi)使脫扣(kou)機構脫扣(kou)，當達過(guo)載電(dian)流（1.45In）彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)度大，推(tui)力(li)足以(yi)推(tui)動(dong)脫扣(kou)機構使開關斷(duan)開，這就是(shi)過(guo)載保護(hu)的原(yuan)理。

斷(duan)路器(qi)的(de)短路保護功(gong)能是由瞬時脫扣器(qi)（電(dian)磁(ci)系統）來實現的(de)，電(dian)磁(ci)力與(yu)電(dian)流(liu)和匝數(shu)之(zhi)積成正(zheng)比(bi)，由于(yu)(yu)瞬時脫扣器(qi)線圈匝數(shu)少（一般只有10匝以(yi)(yi)下），雖然瞬時脫扣器(qi)串接(jie)在電(dian)路中(zhong)，電(dian)路正(zheng)常工(gong)作(zuo)時，由于(yu)(yu)匝數(shu)少，正(zheng)常工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)流(liu)產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)吸(xi)(xi)力不足以(yi)(yi)克(ke)服(fu)彈簧的(de)反(fan)作(zuo)用力，因(yin)此(ci)線路能正(zheng)常工(gong)作(zuo)，但對于(yu)(yu)短路電(dian)流(liu)來說，由于(yu)(yu)產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)電(dian)流(liu)與(yu)正(zheng)常工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)電(dian)流(liu)相比(bi)相差幾(ji)(ji)倍(bei)以(yi)(yi)至(zhi)幾(ji)(ji)十倍(bei)或更大，線圈匝數(shu)沒(mei)變，但電(dian)流(liu)增(zeng)加(jia)幾(ji)(ji)倍(bei)以(yi)(yi)至(zhi)幾(ji)(ji)十倍(bei)，因(yin)此(ci)吸(xi)(xi)力也增(zeng)加(jia)了幾(ji)(ji)倍(bei)以(yi)(yi)至(zhi)幾(ji)(ji)十倍(bei)，只要(yao)(yao)反(fan)力彈簧選擇合(he)理，都能符合(he)B型、C型、D型瞬時脫扣器(qi)的(de)整定要(yao)(yao)求。

漏(lou)電保護(hu)器（脫扣器）部(bu)分主要包括以下部(bu)件。

1）電子組件板（控制(zhi)線路板）；

2）零序電(dian)流互感器；

3）漏電脫扣(kou)器(qi)（由牽引線圈、鐵(tie)芯、彈簧等組成）；

4）漏(lou)電指(zhi)示(shi)部分(fen)及(ji)試驗按扭等組成(cheng)。

當(dang)無(wu)(wu)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)或(huo)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)達不(bu)到動(dong)作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)時(shi)，零序電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)以感應出(chu)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)不(bu)足(zu)以觸發(fa)可(ke)控(kong)(kong)硅G 極(ji)(ji)（控(kong)(kong)制極(ji)(ji)），此時(shi)A極(ji)(ji)（陽極(ji)(ji)）與K極(ji)(ji)（陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)）之(zhi)間(jian)相當(dang)于(yu)一(yi)個大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)達1M（1M=1000000歐姆(mu)）以上，脫(tuo)扣(kou)(kou)(kou)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)線圈(quan)一(yi)般為幾十歐姆(mu)（30-60歐姆(mu)左右），脫(tuo)扣(kou)(kou)(kou)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)線圈(quan)與可(ke)控(kong)(kong)硅等(deng)效于(yu)串聯狀態(tai)。由于(yu)可(ke)控(kong)(kong)硅的等(deng)效電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)遠(yuan)遠(yuan)大(da)于(yu)脫(tuo)扣(kou)(kou)(kou)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)線圈(quan)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)值，因此幾乎(hu)全(quan)部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)加在可(ke)控(kong)(kong)硅的A與K兩端，脫(tuo)扣(kou)(kou)(kou)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)同(tong)乎(hu)無(wu)(wu)壓(ya)(ya)降，微小的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)不(bu)能(neng)帶動(dong)脫(tuo)扣(kou)(kou)(kou)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)作，因此保(bao)護器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)處(chu)于(yu)守侯狀態(tai)，斷(duan)路器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)處(chu)于(yu)正常合閘狀態(tai)。當(dang)零序電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)互感器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)感應出(chu)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)能(neng)觸發(fa)可(ke)控(kong)(kong)硅G極(ji)(ji)時(shi)，此時(shi)A與K兩端完全(quan)導通，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)幾乎(hu)為0，全(quan)部(bu)壓(ya)(ya)降加在脫(tuo)扣(kou)(kou)(kou)線圈(quan)兩端，脫(tuo)扣(kou)(kou)(kou)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)線圈(quan)產生足(zu)夠大(da)的吸力，帶動(dong)脫(tuo)扣(kou)(kou)(kou)機構動(dong)作，從而(er)切斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，實現自我保(bao)護。

漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)斷路(lu)器(qi)與漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)保(bao)護器(qi)（脫扣器(qi)）二部分拼裝起來(lai)就構成一個完整的(de)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)斷路(lu)器(qi)，具有(you)過載、 短路(lu)、漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)保(bao)護功能，根據客(ke)戶(hu)要求還可增加過壓保(bao)護功能，過壓保(bao)護功能的(de)實(shi)(shi)現是(shi)由漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)保(bao)護器(qi)的(de)電(dian)子(zi)組件板增加功能而實(shi)(shi)現的(de)。