什么是漏電保護器？

漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：就是流(liu)入的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和流(liu)出的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不等，意味著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)回(hui)路(lu)中(zhong)還有其(qi)它分支，可能是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)通過人體進入大地。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，將呈現異(yi)常(chang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)信號，漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護器(qi)(qi)通過檢(jian)測此異(yi)常(chang)信號，使執行機構動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)。我(wo)們把根(gen)據故障電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護器(qi)(qi)叫(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)型漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護器(qi)(qi)，根(gen)據故障電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護器(qi)(qi)叫(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)型漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護器(qi)(qi)。由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)型漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護器(qi)(qi)結構復雜，受外界干擾動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)特性穩定(ding)性差，制造成本(ben)高，現已基(ji)本(ben)淘汰(tai)。目前以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)型漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護器(qi)(qi)為主導地位。

家用的漏電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護器接入(ru)端(duan)有“火(huo)”“零”兩根(gen)線。如果“火(huo)”和“零”線流(liu)過(guo)(guo)的電(dian)(dian)流(liu)不等，那么感(gan)應線圈就會(hui)識(shi)別(bie)微小(xiao)差別(bie)，并通過(guo)(guo)控制部分(fen)，迅速(su)切斷開(kai)關（跳閘）。保(bao)護漏電(dian)(dian)流(liu)通常閾值為20mA。

但漏電(dian)保(bao)護器是通過控制某個開關(guan)(guan)(guan)斷開來實現的(de)，它不能保(bao)證在整(zheng)個供(gong)電(dian)回路出現短路時(shi)開關(guan)(guan)(guan)觸(chu)點還能斷開。??空(kong)(kong)氣開關(guan)(guan)(guan)則起過載或短路保(bao)護，當回路電(dian)流超過規定負載，空(kong)(kong)氣開關(guan)(guan)(guan)自動短路（跳閘）。空(kong)(kong)氣開關(guan)(guan)(guan)一(yi)般有(you)單獨(du)“火(huo)”線接入保(bao)護，也有(you)“火(huo)”“零(ling)”接入同時(shi)保(bao)護。

因此，?漏電保護器和空氣開關各自(zi)實現的功能不同，不能互相代替！

漏電(dian)保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)（漏電(dian)保(bao)護(hu)開(kai)關）是一種(zhong)電(dian)氣安全(quan)裝(zhuang)置。將漏電(dian)保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)安裝(zhuang)在(zai)低(di)壓電(dian)路中，當發生(sheng)漏電(dian)和(he)觸電(dian)時(shi)(shi)，且達(da)到(dao)保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)所限定的(de)動作電(dian)流(liu)值時(shi)(shi)，就立即在(zai)限定的(de)時(shi)(shi)間內動作自動斷開(kai)電(dian)源(yuan)進行(xing)保(bao)護(hu)。

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漏電保護器的工作原理是什么？

1、當電(dian)氣設(she)備(bei)發生漏電(dian)時，出現兩(liang)種異常現象：

一是，三相電(dian)流的(de)平衡遭到(dao)破壞，出現(xian)零序(xu)電(dian)流；

二是，正常(chang)時(shi)不帶電的金屬(shu)外(wai)殼出現對(dui)地(di)電壓（正常(chang)時(shi)，金屬(shu)外(wai)殼與大地(di)均為零電位(wei)）。

2、零(ling)序電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感器的作(zuo)用(yong)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)保護器通過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感器檢測取得異常訊號，經過(guo)(guo)中(zhong)間機(ji)構(gou)轉換傳遞，使執行(xing)機(ji)構(gou)動作(zuo)，通過(guo)(guo)開關裝置斷(duan)開電(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感器的結構(gou)與變壓器類(lei)似，是(shi)由(you)兩個互相絕緣繞在同一(yi)鐵(tie)心上的線圈(quan)組成。當一(yi)次線圈(quan)有剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)時，二(er)次線圈(quan)就會感應出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。

3、漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)(hu)器(qi)工作(zuo)原理將漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)(hu)器(qi)安裝(zhuang)在線(xian)(xian)路中(zhong)，一(yi)次線(xian)(xian)圈與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)路相(xiang)連(lian)接，二(er)(er)次線(xian)(xian)圈與漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)(hu)器(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)脫扣器(qi)連(lian)接。當用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)正常運行(xing)時(shi)，線(xian)(xian)路中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)呈平(ping)衡(heng)狀態，互(hu)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)矢(shi)量(liang)之和為零(ling)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)是有(you)方向(xiang)的(de)(de)矢(shi)量(liang)，如按流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)的(de)(de)方向(xiang)為“＋”，返(fan)回(hui)方向(xiang)為“－”，在互(hu)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)中(zhong)往返(fan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)大(da)小相(xiang)等(deng)，方向(xiang)相(xiang)反，正負相(xiang)互(hu)抵銷）。由于(yu)一(yi)次線(xian)(xian)圈中(zhong)沒(mei)有(you)剩(sheng)(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，所以不會感(gan)(gan)應(ying)二(er)(er)次線(xian)(xian)圈，漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)(hu)器(qi)的(de)(de)開關裝(zhuang)置處于(yu)閉(bi)合(he)狀態運行(xing)。當設(she)備(bei)外殼發生漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并有(you)人觸及時(shi)，則在故障點(dian)產生分(fen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，此漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)經(jing)人體？大(da)地？工作(zuo)接地，返(fan)回(hui)變(bian)壓器(qi)中(zhong)性點(dian)（并未經(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)互(hu)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)），致使互(hu)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)申(shen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)入(ru)、流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)現(xian)了(le)不平(ping)衡(heng)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)矢(shi)量(liang)之和不為零(ling)），一(yi)次線(xian)(xian)圈申(shen)產生剩(sheng)(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。因此，便(bian)會感(gan)(gan)應(ying)二(er)(er)次線(xian)(xian)圈，當這(zhe)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)值達到該漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)(hu)器(qi)限定(ding)的(de)(de)動作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)值時(shi)，自動開關脫扣，切斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。

漏電斷路器內部結構

漏電斷(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)由(you)DZ47系列斷(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和漏電保(bao)護器(qi)(qi)(qi)（習慣上(shang)稱(cheng)之為脫(tuo)扣器(qi)(qi)(qi)）組裝而成。斷(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)部分主要包(bao)括以(yi)下部件。

1）過電(dian)流(liu)脫扣器（雙(shuang)金、電(dian)磁系統）；

2）滅弧裝(zhuang)置（滅弧系統）；

3）觸頭系統；

4）外殼(ke)和接線端子；

5）操作機構（手柄(bing)、鎖(suo)扣(kou)(kou)、跳扣(kou)(kou)、杠桿）。

斷路器的(de)過載保(bao)護功能的(de)實(shi)現是利用雙金屬隨著溫度升高(gao)而定(ding)向按規律(lv)彎(wan)曲(qu)的(de)原理(li)(li)，正常(chang)電流（1.13In）彎(wan)曲(qu)角(jiao)度不(bu)大(da)，因此(ci)推力不(bu)足(zu)(zu)以(yi)使(shi)脫(tuo)扣(kou)(kou)機構脫(tuo)扣(kou)(kou)，當達過載電流（1.45In）彎(wan)曲(qu)角(jiao)度大(da)，推力足(zu)(zu)以(yi)推動脫(tuo)扣(kou)(kou)機構使(shi)開(kai)(kai)關斷開(kai)(kai)，這(zhe)就是過載保(bao)護的(de)原理(li)(li)。

斷路(lu)(lu)器(qi)的(de)短路(lu)(lu)保(bao)護功能是由瞬(shun)時脫扣(kou)器(qi)（電(dian)磁(ci)系統）來(lai)實現的(de)，電(dian)磁(ci)力(li)(li)與電(dian)流(liu)和匝數(shu)之積成(cheng)正(zheng)比(bi)，由于(yu)瞬(shun)時脫扣(kou)器(qi)線圈(quan)(quan)匝數(shu)少（一般只有10匝以(yi)下(xia)），雖(sui)然瞬(shun)時脫扣(kou)器(qi)串(chuan)接在(zai)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)中，電(dian)路(lu)(lu)正(zheng)常工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時，由于(yu)匝數(shu)少，正(zheng)常工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)流(liu)產(chan)生的(de)吸力(li)(li)不(bu)足以(yi)克服(fu)彈(dan)(dan)簧的(de)反作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用力(li)(li)，因此線路(lu)(lu)能正(zheng)常工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，但對于(yu)短路(lu)(lu)電(dian)流(liu)來(lai)說，由于(yu)產(chan)生的(de)電(dian)流(liu)與正(zheng)常工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)電(dian)流(liu)相比(bi)相差幾(ji)倍以(yi)至幾(ji)十(shi)倍或更大(da)，線圈(quan)(quan)匝數(shu)沒(mei)變，但電(dian)流(liu)增加幾(ji)倍以(yi)至幾(ji)十(shi)倍，因此吸力(li)(li)也增加了(le)幾(ji)倍以(yi)至幾(ji)十(shi)倍，只要(yao)反力(li)(li)彈(dan)(dan)簧選擇(ze)合理，都能符合B型(xing)、C型(xing)、D型(xing)瞬(shun)時脫扣(kou)器(qi)的(de)整定要(yao)求(qiu)。

漏電保護器（脫扣器）部(bu)分主要包括以下部(bu)件。

1）電(dian)子組件(jian)板（控制(zhi)線路(lu)板）；

2）零序電流互感器；

3）漏(lou)電脫(tuo)扣器（由牽引線(xian)圈、鐵芯、彈簧等組成(cheng)）；

4）漏電指示部分及試驗按扭等組成。

當無(wu)(wu)漏電(dian)流(liu)或漏電(dian)流(liu)達(da)(da)不到動作(zuo)電(dian)流(liu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，零序電(dian)流(liu)以(yi)感(gan)應(ying)出的電(dian)壓(ya)不足以(yi)觸發可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)硅(gui)G 極(ji)（控(kong)(kong)制極(ji)），此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)A極(ji)（陽極(ji)）與(yu)K極(ji)（陰極(ji)）之間相當于(yu)(yu)(yu)一個大電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)達(da)(da)1M（1M=1000000歐姆(mu)(mu)）以(yi)上，脫(tuo)扣(kou)器線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)一般為(wei)幾(ji)十(shi)歐姆(mu)(mu)（30-60歐姆(mu)(mu)左右），脫(tuo)扣(kou)器線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)與(yu)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)硅(gui)等效(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)串聯狀(zhuang)態(tai)。由于(yu)(yu)(yu)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)硅(gui)的等效(xiao)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)遠(yuan)遠(yuan)大于(yu)(yu)(yu)脫(tuo)扣(kou)器線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)的電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)，因此(ci)幾(ji)乎(hu)全(quan)部電(dian)壓(ya)加在可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)硅(gui)的A與(yu)K兩端，脫(tuo)扣(kou)器同乎(hu)無(wu)(wu)壓(ya)降，微小的電(dian)壓(ya)不能帶動脫(tuo)扣(kou)器工作(zuo)，因此(ci)保護器處(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)守侯(hou)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，斷(duan)路器處(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)正常(chang)合(he)閘(zha)狀(zhuang)態(tai)。當零序電(dian)流(liu)互感(gan)器感(gan)應(ying)出的電(dian)壓(ya)能觸發可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)硅(gui)G極(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)A與(yu)K兩端完(wan)全(quan)導(dao)通(tong)，電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)幾(ji)乎(hu)為(wei)0，全(quan)部壓(ya)降加在脫(tuo)扣(kou)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)兩端，脫(tuo)扣(kou)器線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)產生(sheng)足夠(gou)大的吸力，帶動脫(tuo)扣(kou)機構動作(zuo)，從而切斷(duan)電(dian)源，實現自我(wo)保護。

漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)斷路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)與漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)保護(hu)(hu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)（脫扣器(qi)(qi)(qi)）二(er)部分(fen)拼裝(zhuang)起來(lai)就構成一(yi)個完整的(de)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)斷路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，具有(you)過(guo)載、 短路(lu)、漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)保護(hu)(hu)功(gong)能(neng)，根據客戶(hu)要求還可增加過(guo)壓保護(hu)(hu)功(gong)能(neng)，過(guo)壓保護(hu)(hu)功(gong)能(neng)的(de)實(shi)現(xian)是由(you)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)保護(hu)(hu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)子組件(jian)板(ban)增加功(gong)能(neng)而實(shi)現(xian)的(de)。