氣動(dong)(dong)工(gong)具原理是(shi)什(shen)么 氣動(dong)(dong)工(gong)具是(shi)如何工(gong)作(zuo)的
氣動工(gong)(gong)具原理(li)是(shi)什么 氣動工(gong)(gong)具是(shi)如何(he)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的
氣動工具由于具有:
1、可以使用于(yu)爆(bao)炸(zha)性(xing)、腐蝕性(xing)、高溫及潮濕的工作(zuo)環境中(zhong);
2、可超負(fu)荷操作而不致使馬達燒毀;
3、結構簡單、堅固耐用、維護相對容易;
4、輸出扭矩大(da)、重量輕、效率高;
5、可(ke)實現無級調速,以及可(ke)產生(sheng)旋轉、往復及沖擊運動;
等優點,而(er)被廣泛的應(ying)用于現(xian)代機械制(zhi)造(zao)、船(chuan)舶制(zhi)造(zao)、汽車(che)(che)制(zhi)造(zao)等許多領域,特別(bie)是在(zai)汽車(che)(che)制(zhi)造(zao)業,廣泛應(ying)用在(zai)整車(che)(che)生產過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)的打磨、拋光、噴(pen)涂、裝配(pei)(pei)等工況,是現(xian)代汽車(che)(che)批(pi)量大規模生產不可缺少的重(zhong)要工裝設(she)備之一,而(er)由于在(zai)汽車(che)(che)制(zhi)造(zao)業中(zhong)(zhong),整車(che)(che)裝配(pei)(pei)近90%的聯接形式采用螺紋聯接,因此氣動擰緊(jin)工具在(zai)整車(che)(che)裝配(pei)(pei)中(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)用特別(bie)廣泛。
從廣義上講,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)工(gong)具(ju)(ju)主要是(shi)利用壓(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)帶動(dong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)馬達(da)而對外輸(shu)出(chu)動(dong)能工(gong)作(zuo)的一種(zhong)工(gong)具(ju)(ju),一般氣(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)工(gong)具(ju)(ju)主要由動(dong)力(li)輸(shu)出(chu)部(bu)分、作(zuo)業形式轉化部(bu)分、進排(pai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)路部(bu)分、運作(zuo)開啟與停止(zhi)控(kong)制(zhi)部(bu)分、工(gong)具(ju)(ju)殼(ke)體等(deng)主體部(bu)分,當然氣(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)工(gong)具(ju)(ju)運作(zuo)還必須有能源(yuan)供給部(bu)分、空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)過濾與氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)調節(jie)部(bu)分以及(ji)工(gong)具(ju)(ju)附件等(deng)。
1、 動(dong)(dong)(dong)力輸(shu)出(chu)部(bu)分(fen)(fen):它(ta)是氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)工具主要(yao)組成(cheng)部(bu)件(jian)之(zhi)一,主要(yao)有氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)馬(ma)(ma)達(da)(da)及動(dong)(dong)(dong)力輸(shu)出(chu)齒(chi)輪(lun)組成(cheng),它(ta)依(yi)靠高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)力的(de)(de)壓(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)吹動(dong)(dong)(dong)馬(ma)(ma)達(da)(da)葉(xie)片(pian)而使馬(ma)(ma)達(da)(da)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong),對外輸(shu)出(chu)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)運動(dong)(dong)(dong),并通過齒(chi)輪(lun)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)整個作(zuo)業形(xing)式(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化(hua)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)。按定子與轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子是否同(tong)心,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)馬(ma)(ma)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)馬(ma)(ma)達(da)(da)可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為同(tong)心馬(ma)(ma)達(da)(da)和(he)偏心馬(ma)(ma)達(da)(da),按進氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔的(de)(de)數量多少,可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為單進氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔馬(ma)(ma)達(da)(da)、雙(shuang)進氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔馬(ma)(ma)達(da)(da)和(he)多進氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔馬(ma)(ma)達(da)(da)等(deng)。無(wu)論是何種形(xing)式(shi)的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)馬(ma)(ma)達(da)(da),都是依(yi)靠壓(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)吹動(dong)(dong)(dong)馬(ma)(ma)達(da)(da)葉(xie)片(pian)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de),馬(ma)(ma)達(da)(da)葉(xie)片(pian)在高(gao)(gao)速旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)時,時刻與定子內壁(bi)發生摩擦,它(ta)是馬(ma)(ma)達(da)(da)內最為常見的(de)(de)易損部(bu)件(jian),因而它(ta)對壓(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)質量和(he)壓(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中是否含潤(run)滑油分(fen)(fen)子要(yao)求很(hen)高(gao)(gao);
2、 作業(ye)形式(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化部分(fen)(fen):它(ta)主要(yao)是將馬達輸出的(de)(de)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)運(yun)(yun)(yun)動進行相應(ying)的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化。在汽車制造(zao)業(ye)中,由(you)于(yu)以(yi)螺(luo)紋聯接的(de)(de)方式(shi)甚多,大(da)部分(fen)(fen)是旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)運(yun)(yun)(yun)動,當然(ran)也有直線往(wang)復運(yun)(yun)(yun)動。對于(yu)不同類型的(de)(de)氣(qi)動工具,作業(ye)形式(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化部分(fen)(fen)主要(yao)分(fen)(fen)為機械式(shi)離(li)合(he)器(qi)及行星齒輪組、摩擦片式(shi)離(li)合(he)器(qi)及行星齒輪組、液壓油(you)缸、扭(niu)力桿及錘打塊組等。以(yi)上部件(jian)均以(yi)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)運(yun)(yun)(yun)動為基礎(chu)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)部件(jian),它(ta)決定(ding)著該氣(qi)動擰緊工具的(de)(de)扭(niu)力大(da)小、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速快慢、擰緊精度等重(zhong)要(yao)參數(shu),由(you)于(yu)它(ta)不停的(de)(de)離(li)合(he)、受(shou)壓或(huo)扭(niu)矩轉(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian),故它(ta)的(de)(de)組成部件(jian)易受(shou)損壞;
3、 進排氣(qi)路(lu)部分:顯而(er)易(yi)見,進排氣(qi)路(lu)部分是(shi)壓縮空氣(qi)進出的相(xiang)關通道,是(shi)保障馬達正常(chang)運動(dong)的能源供給系統;
4、 運(yun)動(dong)開啟與(yu)停止控制(zhi)部分,即通(tong)常(chang)所述的氣動(dong)開關,由于(yu)它時刻和操作人員(yuan)及外界(jie)物體直(zhi)接接觸,且多工程塑料制(zhi)品,故易出現損壞(huai);
5、 能(neng)源供(gong)給部分:壓縮空氣(qi)(qi)主(zhu)要是(shi)空壓機將大(da)氣(qi)(qi)進行壓縮后而形成的(de),由壓縮空氣(qi)(qi)管道(dao)輸送至相關的(de)用(yong)氣(qi)(qi)電(dian),且呈脈動狀(zhuang);
6、 空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)過(guo)濾及氣(qi)壓(ya)(ya)調(diao)節部分(fen):由(you)(you)于(yu)壓(ya)(ya)縮空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)通常是通過(guo)無縫鋼管制造的(de)管道進行(xing)輸(shu)送的(de),在長期(qi)使用時,其內(nei)壁的(de)銹蝕物、壓(ya)(ya)縮空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)中的(de)水分(fen)、粉塵等(deng)將不(bu)(bu)斷形成。若這樣的(de)壓(ya)(ya)縮空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)不(bu)(bu)進行(xing)任何處理(li),直接進入氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)馬(ma)(ma)達(da),則(ze)將導致馬(ma)(ma)達(da)壽命大(da)大(da)縮短,從而致使整把(ba)工具動(dong)(dong)(dong)力輸(shu)出不(bu)(bu)足、且不(bu)(bu)穩定,易(yi)造成馬(ma)(ma)達(da)等(deng)零(ling)部件連環損(sun)壞的(de)現象,為此在由(you)(you)管道輸(shu)送的(de)壓(ya)(ya)縮空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)至氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)工具之間,必須設置(zhi)壓(ya)(ya)縮空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)過(guo)濾、調(diao)節裝置(zhi),氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)三(san)聯(lian)件承擔了(le)該項(xiang)任務(wu)。氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)三(san)聯(lian)件主要(yao)由(you)(you)氣(qi)壓(ya)(ya)表、過(guo)濾器、油(you)霧器、調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)器等(deng)部分(fen)組成,其中過(guo)濾器中內(nei)置(zhi)濾芯,在使用一段時間后(hou)要(yao)進行(xing)維護清洗、定期(qi)更換;
7、 工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)附(fu)件(jian):這(zhe)里的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)附(fu)件(jian)是(shi)指安(an)裝(zhuang)在(zai)氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)本(ben)體上直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)與工(gong)(gong)件(jian)直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju),氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)三(san)聯件(jian)承擔(dan)了該項任務。氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)三(san)聯件(jian)主要由(you)氣(qi)壓(ya)表、過濾(lv)(lv)器、油霧器、調壓(ya)器等(deng)部分組(zu)成(cheng),其中過濾(lv)(lv)器中內置濾(lv)(lv)芯,在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)一段時間(jian)后(hou)要進行維護清洗、定期(qi)更換;這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)(de)壓(ya)縮空(kong)氣(qi)不(bu)(bu)進行任何處理,直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)進入氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)馬達,則將導致馬達壽命大大縮短(duan),從(cong)而致使(shi)整把工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)動(dong)(dong)力(li)輸出不(bu)(bu)足、且(qie)不(bu)(bu)穩定,易(yi)造成(cheng)馬達等(deng)零部件(jian)連環損壞的(de)(de)現象,為此在(zai)由(you)管道(dao)輸送的(de)(de)壓(ya)縮空(kong)氣(qi)至氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)之(zhi)間(jian),必(bi)須設置壓(ya)縮空(kong)氣(qi)過濾(lv)(lv)、調節裝(zhuang)置,包括各類氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)套筒(tong)、接(jie)(jie)桿、轉換接(jie)(jie)頭、刀頭等(deng);
上述(shu)各部分相互依存、相互制約、不能單(dan)獨孤立(li)存在實現(xian)作業。