電瓶車充(chong)電器

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶車是由蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶）提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池是將化學能直(zhi)接轉(zhuan)化成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)一種(zhong)裝置，是按(an)可(ke)再充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設計(ji)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，通(tong)過可(ke)逆的(de)化學反應實(shi)現再充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，通(tong)常是指鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。我們常用的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池主要分(fen)為(wei)三(san)類，分(fen)別為(wei)普(pu)通(tong)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池、干荷蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池和免維護蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池三(san)種(zhong)。

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普通蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)；普通蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)的(de)極板是由鉛和鉛的(de)氧(yang)化(hua)物構成(cheng)，電解液(ye)是硫(liu)酸的(de)水溶液(ye)。它的(de)主要優(you)點(dian)是電壓穩定、價格便宜；缺點(dian)是比能低(di)（即每公(gong)斤蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)存儲的(de)電能）、使用壽命短和日(ri)常維(wei)護頻繁。

干荷蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)：它(ta)的(de)全(quan)稱(cheng)是(shi)干式荷電(dian)鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)，它(ta)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)特點是(shi)負極板有較高的(de)儲電(dian)能(neng)力(li)，在(zai)完(wan)全(quan)干燥狀態下，能(neng)在(zai)兩年內保存所得到的(de)電(dian)量(liang)，使用(yong)時，只需(xu)加(jia)入(ru)電(dian)解液，等過20—30分鐘就可使用(yong)。

免維護(hu)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)：免維護(hu)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)由于自身(shen)結構上(shang)的優勢，電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液的消耗量(liang)非常小(xiao)，在使用壽命內基本(ben)不需要補(bu)充蒸餾水。它(ta)還具有耐(nai)震、耐(nai)高溫、體積小(xiao)、自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)小(xiao)的特(te)點。使用壽命一(yi)般為普通(tong)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的兩倍。市場上(shang)的免維護(hu)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)也有兩種：第一(yi)種在購買時(shi)(shi)一(yi)次性加電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液以后使用中不需要維護(hu)（添加補(bu)充液）；另一(yi)種是電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)本(ben)身(shen)出廠(chang)時(shi)(shi)就已經加好電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液并(bing)封死(si)，用戶根(gen)本(ben)就不能加補(bu)充液。

電瓶車充電器的工作原理

充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)原理(li)是(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，才能夠充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，二(er)者之間的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢差越大，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)越快，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)越大，所以一(yi)般(ban)的(de)(de)(de)24V充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)最大（空載）為28V，而60A是(shi)(shi)說的(de)(de)(de)最大出(chu)力(li)(li)能力(li)(li)，而你充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器已經有(you)了負載，這時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)(shi)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)正在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，40A的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，這個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)會隨(sui)著充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)完成越來越小。另外，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)大小和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量大小也(ye)是(shi)(shi)有(you)關系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)。

蓄電池的正確使用

1、檢查電瓶車蓄(xu)電池在支架上的固定螺栓是否(fou)擰緊,安裝(zhuang)不(bu)牢靠(kao)會因行車(che)震動而(er)引起殼(ke)體損壞。另外不(bu)要將金(jin)屬物放在蓄(xu)電池上以防短路。

2、時常(chang)查看極柱和接(jie)線(xian)頭(tou)連接(jie)得是(shi)否(fou)可靠。為防(fang)止(zhi)接(jie)線(xian)柱氧化(hua)可以涂抹凡士林等保護劑。

3、不可(ke)用直接打火（短路試驗）的方法檢查蓄(xu)電池(chi)的電量這樣會對(dui)蓄(xu)電池(chi)造成損害。

4、普通鉛酸蓄電池要注意定期添加蒸餾水。干荷蓄電池在使用之前最好適當充電。至于可加水的免維護電動車蓄電池并不是不能維護適(shi)當查看必(bi)要時(shi)補充(chong)蒸餾水有助于延長使(shi)用壽(shou)命。

5、蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池蓋上的氣(qi)孔應通暢。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)會產(chan)生大量氣(qi)泡若通氣(qi)孔被(bei)堵塞使(shi)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)不能逸出(chu)當壓力增(zeng)大到(dao)一定的程(cheng)度后就(jiu)會造(zao)成蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池殼體(ti)(ti)炸裂。

6、在蓄電(dian)池極柱(zhu)(zhu)和蓋的(de)周圍(wei)常會有(you)黃白(bai)色的(de)糊狀(zhuang)物(wu),這是因為硫(liu)酸腐(fu)蝕了(le)根柱(zhu)(zhu)、線卡、固定架等(deng)造(zao)成的(de)。這些物(wu)質的(de)電(dian)阻很大，要及時清(qing)除。

7、當需要用兩塊蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)串聯(lian)使(shi)用時蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)的(de)容量(liang)最好相等，否(fou)則會影響蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)的(de)使(shi)用壽命(ming)。

蓄電池的維護要點

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一、蓄電池的儲存

1、新(xin)蓄電池(chi)的儲(chu)存

未啟用的新蓄電池，其加液孔蓋上的通氣孔均已封閉，不要通破。保管蓄電池時應注意以下幾點：

①存放室溫5～30℃，干燥、清(qing)潔、通風。

②不要受陽光直射，離熱源距離不小于2m。

③避免與任何液體和有害氣體接觸。④不得倒置或臥放，不得疊放，不得承受重壓。⑤新蓄電池的存放時間不得超過2年。

2、暫時不用(yong)的(de)蓄電池(chi)的(de)儲存

采用濕(shi)儲存方法，即先充(chong)足電，再(zai)把電解液密度調至(zhi)1.24～1.28g/cm3，液面調至規(gui)定高度，然(ran)后(hou)將通氣孔密封，存(cun)放期不得超過半年(nian)，期間應定期檢查，如容量(liang)降低25％，應立即補充(chong)充(chong)電，交付使用前也(ye)應先充(chong)足電。

3、長期停用的(de)蓄(xu)電池的(de)儲存(cun)

采用干儲存法，即先(xian)將(jiang)充足電(dian)的蓄電(dian)池以20h放電(dian)(dian)(dian)率放完電(dian)(dian)(dian)，然(ran)后倒(dao)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)，用蒸(zheng)餾水反復(fu)沖洗多次，直到水中無(wu)酸性，涼干(gan)后旋緊加液(ye)孔(kong)蓋，并將通氣孔(kong)密封，存放條件與(yu)新蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池相同(tong)。

二、新蓄電池啟用

首(shou)先(xian)擦(ca)凈外(wai)表(biao)面，旋開加液(ye)(ye)孔蓋，疏通通氣孔，注入新電(dian)解液(ye)(ye)，靜置4～6h后，調節液(ye)面(mian)高度到規(gui)定值，按初(chu)充電規(gui)范進行充電后即可使用。

干荷(he)電蓄(xu)電池在規定存放期（一(yi)般為2年）內，啟(qi)用時可直接加入規定密(mi)度(du)的電解液，靜置20～30min后，校準液面高度，即(ji)可使(shi)用。若超期存放或保管不當損(sun)失部分容(rong)量，應在加注電(dian)解液后經補充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)方可使(shi)用。

三、蓄電池的拆裝

1）拆(chai)裝、移(yi)動蓄(xu)電池時(shi)，應(ying)輕搬輕放，嚴禁在地上拖拽。

2）蓄電池型號和(he)車型應相(xiang)符，電解液密度(du)和(he)高度(du)應符合規定。

3）安裝(zhuang)時，蓄電池固(gu)定(ding)在托架上(shang)，塞好防振墊。

4）極(ji)樁涂上凡士林或潤滑油，防(fang)腐防(fang)銹。極(ji)樁卡子與極(ji)樁要接觸良好。

5）蓄電池搭鐵極性(xing)必須與發(fa)電機一(yi)致。

6）接線(xian)時(shi)先(xian)接正極后接負極，拆(chai)線(xian)時(shi)相反，以防金屬工具搭鐵，造成蓄電池短路。

四、蓄電池的維護

（1）保持蓄(xu)電(dian)池外(wai)表面(mian)的清(qing)潔干(gan)燥，及時(shi)清(qing)除極(ji)樁和電(dian)纜(lan)卡(ka)子上的氧化(hua)物，并(bing)確定蓄(xu)電(dian)池極(ji)樁上的電(dian)纜(lan)連接牢(lao)固。

清洗(xi)(xi)蓄電池(chi)時(shi)，最好從車(che)上拆(chai)下蓄電池(chi)，用(yong)蘇打(da)水(shui)溶液沖(chong)洗(xi)(xi)整個殼體，然后(hou)用(yong)清水(shui)沖(chong)洗(xi)(xi)蓄電池(chi)并(bing)用(yong)紙巾(jin)擦干(gan)。對蓄電池(chi)托架(jia)，可先用(yong)膩子刀(dao)刮凈厚(hou)腐蝕物，然后(hou)用(yong)蘇打(da)水(shui)溶液清洗(xi)(xi)托架(jia)，之后(hou)用(yong)水(shui)沖(chong)洗(xi)(xi)并(bing)干(gan)燥(zao)。托架(jia)干(gan)燥(zao)后(hou)，漆上防腐漆。

對極樁和電纜卡(ka)子，可(ke)先用蘇打水溶液清洗，再(zai)用專(zhuan)用清潔(jie)工(gong)具(ju)進(jin)行清潔(jie)。清洗后，在電纜卡(ka)子上涂上凡士林或潤滑(hua)油防止腐蝕。

注意：清洗蓄電池之前，要擰緊加液孔蓋，防止蘇打水進入蓄電池內部。

（2）保持(chi)加(jia)液(ye)孔(kong)蓋上(shang)通(tong)氣孔(kong)的暢(chang)通(tong)，定期疏通(tong)。

（3）定(ding)期檢查并調整電解液(ye)(ye)液(ye)(ye)面(mian)高度，液(ye)(ye)面(mian)不足時，應補(bu)加蒸餾水。

（4）汽(qi)車(che)每行駛1000km或夏季行駛(shi)5～6天，冬季行(xing)駛10～15天，應(ying)用密度(du)(du)計(ji)或(huo)高率放(fang)電計(ji)檢查一次蓄電池的(de)放(fang)電程度(du)(du)，當冬季放(fang)電超過25％，夏(xia)季放電超(chao)過50％時，應及時將蓄電池(chi)從車上拆下進行補充充電。

（5）根據季(ji)節和地(di)區(qu)的變(bian)化(hua)及時(shi)調整電(dian)解液的密度(du)。冬季(ji)可加入適(shi)量的密度(du)為1.40g/cm3的電(dian)解液，以調高電(dian)解液的密度（一般比(bi)夏季(ji)高0.02～0.04g/cm3為(wei)宜）。

（6）冬季向蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內補加蒸餾(liu)水時，必(bi)須(xu)在(zai)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)前進行，以免水和(he)電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)混合(he)不均而引起結冰。

（7）冬季蓄電池應經常保持在充足電的狀態，以(yi)防電解液密度降低而結冰，引起外(wai)殼破裂、極板彎曲和(he)活性(xing)物質脫落等(deng)故障。