1、鋰電池充電器設計方案

11.1V鋰電池常用于涵道機、固定翼、直升機等航模中，具有放電穩定，工作溫度寬；允許較大的充電電流、充電速度快，僅需1~2個小時就(jiu)可以(yi)充滿；無記(ji)憶效應；自放電率低，儲(chu)(chu)存壽命長(chang)；能量高(gao)、儲(chu)(chu)存能量密度大；輸出(chu)電壓(ya)(ya)高(gao)（單節鋰電池(chi)的額定電壓(ya)(ya)一般為3.6V，而單節鎳氫和鎳鎘電池的電壓只有(you)1.2V）等優(you)點(dian)。在(zai)對鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)要防(fang)止(zhi)過(guo)度(du)(du)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，如果(guo)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高于(yu)規定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓或充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大于(yu)規定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，就(jiu)會損壞鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池或者(zhe)使(shi)(shi)之報廢。在(zai)過(guo)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的情況下，能量(liang)過(guo)剩鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池溫度(du)(du)上(shang)升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液將分(fen)解(jie)(jie)產生(sheng)氣體，使(shi)(shi)之內(nei)壓上(shang)升而(er)導(dao)致自燃或破裂的危險。通鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在(zai)使(shi)(shi)用時(shi)也要防(fang)止(zhi)過(guo)度(du)(du)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，過(guo)度(du)(du)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池特性及(ji)耐久性變差(cha)，可充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)次數降低。

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2、充電電路結構設計分析

鋰電池在充電過程中需要控制它的充電電壓和充電電流并精確測量電池電壓，根據鋰電池電壓將充電過程分為四個階段。階段一為預充電，先用0.1C的小電(dian)流對(dui)鋰電(dian)池進行預充電(dian)，當(dang)電(dian)池電(dian)壓≥2.5V時(shi)轉到下一階(jie)段。階(jie)段二為恒(heng)流充(chong)電，用1C的恒(heng)定電(dian)(dian)流對鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)快速充電(dian)(dian)，點電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)≥4.2V時轉到下一階段。階段三為恒壓充(chong)電，逐漸減(jian)小充(chong)電電流，保證電池(chi)電壓恒定(ding)=4.2V，當充電電流≤0.1C時轉到下一階段(duan)。階段(duan)四為涓流充(chong)電(dian)，恒壓充(chong)電(dian)結束后，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)已經基(ji)本(ben)充(chong)滿，為了維持電(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)壓，可以用(yong)0.1C甚(shen)至(zhi)更小的電(dian)(dian)流對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行(xing)補充(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，到(dao)此(ci)鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程結(jie)束。

3、鋰電池充電器充電流程

電源(yuan)未接上時(shi)，電路板上的(de)LED燈(deng)不亮；

電(dian)源接上電(dian)路板，綠色LED持續亮著，此時電路(lu)板等待鋰電池置入；

鋰電池放入后，則開始充電，LED變(bian)成橙色；

當鋰電(dian)池達到充飽的條件時，則停(ting)止(zhi)充電(dian)，LED變成橘(ju)色；

鋰電池充飽后(hou)，電池移走，LED變成綠(lv)色，等重新置入鋰電池充電；

在充(chong)電(dian)過程中，會(hui)顯示充(chong)電(dian)百分比。

LED燈：

持(chi)續綠(lv)色：等待電池置入；持(chi)續黃色：充(chong)電中；持(chi)續橘(ju)色：電池已充(chong)飽(bao)充(chong)或(huo)已充(chong)6小時；閃爍橘色：警示訊息(輸出短(duan)路、正負極顛倒、溫(wen)度異(yi)常)。