什么是電流表

電(dian)流(liu)表(biao)是指用來(lai)測量交(jiao)、直流(liu)電(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)電(dian)流(liu)的儀(yi)表(biao)。在電(dian)路(lu)圖中(zhong)，電(dian)流(liu)表(biao)的符(fu)號為"圈A"。電(dian)流(liu)值以“安”或“A"為標準單位。

電流表分類

1、直流電流表：主要采用磁電系或電動系測量機構(見機械(xie)式指示電表測量機構)，這些測量機構的測量基(ji)本(ben)量是電流(liu)，可(ke)用來直接測小電流(liu)。

2、交流電流表：可采(cai)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁系(xi)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動系(xi)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)機(ji)構(gou)。為使磁電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)機(ji)構(gou)也能用于測(ce)量(liang)(liang)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，可利用整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)或熱(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)偶等器(qi)(qi)件(jian)先將(jiang)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)轉換為直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)；由它(ta)們組合而成的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表(biao)分(fen)別稱為整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)(見整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表(biao))、熱(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)。為擴大(da)量(liang)(liang)程以測(ce)量(liang)(liang)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)也采(cai)用分(fen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動系(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)的(de)做法(fa)同前；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁系(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)表(biao)則(ze)是加粗(cu)線圈導(dao)線、減少匝數。對(dui)于更大(da)的(de)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)值需配合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)互感器(qi)(qi)使用。

電流表怎么使用

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1、接表：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流表必須串(chuan)聯在待(dai)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流表的(de)“+”接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)柱(zhu)流入，從“－”接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)柱(zhu)流出。使用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流表的(de)時候，它的(de)兩個接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)柱(zhu)千萬不(bu)能直接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)兩極上，否則由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流過(guo)大而(er)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流表燒壞(huai)。

2、選擇表的量程：電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)表(biao)有(you)三個(ge)(ge)接(jie)線(xian)柱，如(ru)上(shang)圖所示(shi)，若電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)表(biao)接(jie)在(zai)“+”和(he)“0.6”兩個(ge)(ge)接(jie)線(xian)柱上(shang)，其量(liang)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)0.6A，讀(du)表(biao)盤(pan)上(shang)下面的(de)那組數值(zhi)(zhi)；若接(jie)在(zai)“+”和(he)“3”兩個(ge)(ge)接(jie)線(xian)柱上(shang)，其量(liang)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)3A，讀(du)表(biao)盤(pan)上(shang)上(shang)面的(de)那組數值(zhi)(zhi)。在(zai)實(shi)驗前，如(ru)果(guo)不知怎么接(jie)，可(ke)先估計(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路中的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)(zhi)。如(ru)果(guo)估計(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)小于0.6A，應選擇的(de)量(liang)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，如(ru)果(guo)估計(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大于0.6A，但小于3A，就(jiu)應選量(liang)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。若不能估計(ji)，可(ke)采用試觸(chu)的(de)辦法進(jin)行（固定一個(ge)(ge)接(jie)線(xian)柱，用電(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)另一個(ge)(ge)線(xian)頭迅速試觸(chu)最大量(liang)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)接(jie)線(xian)柱），再根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)表(biao)指針偏轉的(de)角度選用適當的(de)量(liang)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。

3、試接電路：按電(dian)路(lu)圖接(jie)(jie)(jie)好實物(wu)圖以后(hou)，必(bi)須進(jin)行(xing)試(shi)(shi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)。試(shi)(shi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)時仔細(xi)觀(guan)察(cha)電(dian)流表指針(zhen)(zhen)偏(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)情(qing)況(kuang)，如果(guo)指針(zhen)(zhen)不偏(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，說明是電(dian)路(lu)某處(chu)斷路(lu)；若指針(zhen)(zhen)向相反方向偏(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，說明表的(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)、負(fu)接(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)柱接(jie)(jie)(jie)反了；若指針(zhen)(zhen)偏(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)角度太大了，說明量程選小(xiao)了；若指針(zhen)(zhen)偏(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)角度太小(xiao)了，說明量程太大了。然(ran)后(hou)根據試(shi)(shi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)時觀(guan)察(cha)到的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)，做(zuo)相應的(de)(de)(de)調整后(hou)再(zai)進(jin)行(xing)相關的(de)(de)(de)實驗。

電流表怎么讀數

首先弄清表(biao)(biao)盤上每個(ge)大格表(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)多(duo)少(shao)，每個(ge)小格又表(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)多(duo)少(shao)。如圖所示(shi)(shi)，每個(ge)大格表(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)0.2A，每個(ge)小格表(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)0.02A，此時(shi)能準確到0.02A。然后(hou)再看指(zhi)針(zhen)位置，現指(zhi)針(zhen)所指(zhi)位置是2個(ge)大格零3個(ge)小格，則電流表(biao)(biao)的讀數應是。

電流表維護方法

1、由于磁(ci)電系電流表的(de)過載(zai)能力很小，使用時一定要注意連接電路(lu)的(de)極性(xing)和量限的(de)選擇。

2、若在測(ce)量中發現指針反向偏(pian)轉(zhuan)或正(zheng)向偏(pian)轉(zhuan)超過(guo)標(biao)度尺(chi)上滿刻(ke)度線(xian)，應立即斷(duan)電停(ting)止(zhi)測(ce)量，待連接正(zheng)確或重新選(xuan)擇更大量跟(gen)的電流表后再進(jin)行測(ce)量。

3、當測量工(gong)作完畢后，應(ying)先斷電源，再(zai)從測量電路中取下(xia)電流(liu)表(biao)，將(jiang)其放置在干燥、通風和(he)陰(yin)涼的(de)環境中對靈(ling)敏度、準確度很高(gao)的(de)微安(an)表(biao)和(he)室安(an)表(biao)，應(ying)用導線將(jiang)正、負(fu)端鈕連接起來(lai)，以保(bao)護儀表(biao)的(de)測量機構。