【會議(yi)話(hua)(hua)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)】會議(yi)話(hua)(hua)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)怎么選 詳解會議(yi)室話(hua)(hua)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)選擇與使用

會(hui)議室中對聲響(xiang)通常需求(qiu)亮堂、明晰，響(xiang)度要適(shi)中。在安置會(hui)場(chang)時，說話者不(bu)能(neng)到(dao)現(xian)場(chang)試音。因而，要想(xiang)在現(xian)場(chang)擴聲時到(dao)達(da)亮堂、明晰的(de)聲響(xiang)作用(響(xiang)度正好合適(shi)但不(bu)嘯叫的(de)需求(qiu))，話筒的(de)挑(tiao)選與擺(bai)放(fang)的(de)方法就有(you)一(yi)定的(de)學識。

1、話筒的挑選

由于不一樣的(de)話(hua)(hua)筒(tong)(tong)對不一樣的(de)聲(sheng)源有不一樣的(de)作用，因而在挑選話(hua)(hua)筒(tong)(tong)之前必須深入了解(jie)話(hua)(hua)筒(tong)(tong)的(de)技能特(te)性、功能好壞以(yi)及適用場合。話(hua)(hua)筒(tong)(tong)選用時(shi)除了要考(kao)慮話(hua)(hua)筒(tong)(tong)的(de)靈敏(min)度、輸出阻(zu)抗(kang)與(yu)調音臺輸入阻(zu)抗(kang)的(de)匹配等電聲(sheng)指標(biao)外，在會議室內還(huan)需要考(kao)慮話(hua)(hua)筒(tong)(tong)的(de)指向特(te)性、頻響特(te)性以(yi)及話(hua)(hua)筒(tong)(tong)的(de)外形等。

就指(zhi)向性(xing)而言，超心(xin)(xin)形適(shi)宜較遠間隔拾音(yin)，心(xin)(xin)形適(shi)宜大多數情況，無指(zhi)向性(xing)話(hua)(hua)筒(tong)則不適(shi)宜言語拾音(yin)，因為簡(jian)單會(hui)導(dao)致回聲。另外，在會(hui)議室內還要依據(ju)音(yin)箱的(de)規劃(hua)，來(lai)挑選指(zhi)向特(te)(te)性(xing)適(shi)宜的(de)話(hua)(hua)筒(tong)。集中(zhong)式或(huo)半集中(zhong)式規劃(hua)的(de)擴聲系統(tong)，話(hua)(hua)筒(tong)的(de)指(zhi)向特(te)(te)性(xing)應為心(xin)(xin)形或(huo)超心(xin)(xin)形;渙(huan)散式規劃(hua)的(de)擴聲系統(tong)，通(tong)常應挑選心(xin)(xin)形話(hua)(hua)筒(tong)，若是話(hua)(hua)筒(tong)距(ju)擴聲音(yin)箱較遠，而廳堂(tang)混響時間不是過長，亦可(ke)挑選無方向性(xing)話(hua)(hua)筒(tong);當聲源非常接(jie)近(jin)話(hua)(hua)筒(tong)時，可(ke)運用技能(neng)指(zhi)標消除近(jin)講(jiang)效應的(de)近(jin)講(jiang)心(xin)(xin)形話(hua)(hua)筒(tong)。

就(jiu)話(hua)筒(tong)的(de)頻響特性(xing)而言，往往靜(jing)態(tai)技能目標(biao)稍低(di)而瞬態(tai)特性(xing)好的(de)話(hua)筒(tong)，要比靜(jing)態(tai)技能目標(biao)稍高(gao)而瞬態(tai)特性(xing)差的(de)話(hua)筒(tong)好一(yi)些。兩位，從低(di)頻到高(gao)頻頻響特性(xing)均勻(yun)、滑潤的(de)話(hua)筒(tong)比某一(yi)頻段杰出的(de)話(hua)簡要好，由于杰出的(de)有些也(ye)會導致嘯叫。

此外(wai)，鈍重的口聲往往由(you)于(yu)話(hua)筒過近而被過火加(jia)劇(ju)。當然，可以用(yong)電子校對(在傳聲電路中(zhong)(zhong))來抵償，這對于(yu)音(yin)頻(pin)太低(di)的口聲沒有影響，但(dan)對于(yu)前后的移(yi)動有約(yue)束，發話(hua)人與話(hua)筒的間隔(ge)必須堅持穩定，不然低(di)頻(pin)成分(fen)會有改變，而直達聲與混(hun)響聲(在音(yin)響狀(zhuang)況“活潑”的聲場中(zhong)(zhong))之間的比率(lv)也會發生改變。

在6000—9000Hz之間大(da)量(liang)呈現峰值的(de)(de)(de)話(hua)(hua)筒(tong)，會(hui)使帶咝咝音的(de)(de)(de)口音變(bian)得齒音更(geng)重。當然，也(ye)可用(yong)電子(zi)辦法校對，但(dan)要付出在峰頂帶來死點的(de)(de)(de)價值。因而(er)，會(hui)議室(shi)通常沒有(you)必要用(yong)高(gao)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)話(hua)(hua)筒(tong)，具有(you)滑潤呼應的(de)(de)(de)話(hua)(hua)筒(tong)就可以了。就話(hua)(hua)筒(tong)的(de)(de)(de)內部構(gou)造類型而(er)言(yan)，通常會(hui)議室(shi)擴聲以往選(xuan)用(yong)動圈式(shi)話(hua)(hua)筒(tong)。這些年(nian)，隨著(zhu)會(hui)議桌子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)加大(da)、加寬，如今大(da)都挑(tiao)選(xuan)電容式(shi)鵝頸話(hua)(hua)筒(tong)。這樣，在會(hui)議桌比較(jiao)(jiao)寬時，不至(zhi)于被說(shuo)話(hua)(hua)者推到(dao)桌邊而(er)拾取(qu)不到(dao)聲響(xiang)。別的(de)(de)(de)，電容話(hua)(hua)筒(tong)的(de)(de)(de)話(hua)(hua)筒(tong)頭比較(jiao)(jiao)小，不至(zhi)于遮住說(shuo)話(hua)(hua)者的(de)(de)(de)臉部也(ye)是(shi)被挑(tiao)選(xuan)的(de)(de)(de)緣由之一。

綜上(shang)所述，除特殊需求(qiu)外，會議室通常引薦選用頻率響應寬，頻響傳輸特性均(jun)勻、滑潤(run)、失真度小的電(dian)容(rong)式鵝頸心形話筒。

2、話筒的擺放

會議室的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話(hua)(hua)筒(tong)(tong)擺放(fang)通常(chang)分為桌(zhuo)(zhuo)面(mian)擺放(fang)與話(hua)(hua)筒(tong)(tong)架擺放(fang)兩種。在桌(zhuo)(zhuo)面(mian)上擺放(fang)話(hua)(hua)筒(tong)(tong)時，要注意說話(hua)(hua)者嘴(zui)部與話(hua)(hua)筒(tong)(tong)中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)夾角和間(jian)(jian)(jian)隔，最好使(shi)話(hua)(hua)筒(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)軸(zhou)線(xian)對準說話(hua)(hua)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嘴(zui)部，這時話(hua)(hua)筒(tong)(tong)輸出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頻(pin)響(xiang)特性(xing)最佳;嘴(zui)部違背中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)軸(zhou)線(xian)越(yue)遠(yuan)，頻(pin)響(xiang)特性(xing)越(yue)差(cha)，高音丟失越(yue)嚴峻，且話(hua)(hua)筒(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出電壓也會削減。通常(chang)心形話(hua)(hua)筒(tong)(tong)，嘴(zui)部與中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)軸(zhou)線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)夾角在450規模以(yi)內(nei)是適宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

會(hui)議室說話(hua)時(shi)，為(wei)了加強(qiang)言(yan)語明(ming)晰度，話(hua)筒距嘴部以(yi)20—30cm為(wei)宜，太(tai)近，則易呈現低頻噴(pen)口音，影響聲(sheng)響的明(ming)晰度，太(tai)遠，話(hua)筒又拾(shi)取過(guo)多(duo)的反(fan)射聲(sheng)與混響聲(sheng)，容(rong)(rong)易導致(zhi)嘯(xiao)叫。此(ci)刻，若是(shi)調音臺推(tui)得(de)(de)太(tai)小，則聲(sheng)響響度達不(bu)到(dao)需求，聽(ting)眾聽(ting)不(bu)清說話(hua)內容(rong)(rong)，推(tui)得(de)(de)太(tai)大又容(rong)(rong)易嘯(xiao)叫。所以(yi)，擺放(fang)話(hua)筒時(shi)精確估量(liang)說話(hua)者的說話(hua)間(jian)隔至關重要。

當(dang)有(you)多(duo)(duo)人說話，需擺放多(duo)(duo)個(ge)話筒時(shi)，應使(shi)話筒之間的(de)間隔大于聲(sheng)源(yuan)與話筒間隔的(de)3倍(bei)(即滿(man)意3：1準則)，以(yi)減(jian)小信號(hao)相加(jia)時(shi)發生(sheng)的(de)相位(wei)干涉現(xian)象。

當一(yi)(yi)個(ge)人說話(hua)(hua)(hua)，需要(yao)用兩(liang)(liang)(liang)個(ge)或多個(ge)話(hua)(hua)(hua)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)進行拾音時(shi)(例如做(zuo)陳(chen)述)，要(yao)將(jiang)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)個(ge)或多個(ge)話(hua)(hua)(hua)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)盡(jin)量接近，并堅持每個(ge)話(hua)(hua)(hua)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)到聲(sheng)源(說話(hua)(hua)(hua)者嘴部)的(de)(de)間隔盡(jin)量持平，避免信(xin)號相(xiang)(xiang)加時(shi)發生相(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)干涉現(xian)象(xiang)。此(ci)刻，格外要(yao)注意話(hua)(hua)(hua)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)相(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)要(yao)共同。以(yi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)話(hua)(hua)(hua)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)為例，若是兩(liang)(liang)(liang)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)話(hua)(hua)(hua)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)拾音還沒有(you)一(yi)(yi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)話(hua)(hua)(hua)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)音量大，則闡明兩(liang)(liang)(liang)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)話(hua)(hua)(hua)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)反相(xiang)(xiang)，此(ci)刻，需將(jiang)一(yi)(yi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)話(hua)(hua)(hua)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)進行調整(zheng)，通常(chang)來說，問題出在(zai)話(hua)(hua)(hua)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)線(xian)上(shang)，只(zhi)要(yao)將(jiang)一(yi)(yi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)話(hua)(hua)(hua)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)接線(xian)調整(zheng)過來即可。話(hua)(hua)(hua)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)架(jia)(jia)擺放(fang)時(shi)，由于許(xu)多話(hua)(hua)(hua)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)架(jia)(jia)是三角(jiao)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)架(jia)(jia)，所以(yi)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)上(shang)話(hua)(hua)(hua)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)后，要(yao)讓話(hua)(hua)(hua)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)重心投影落在(zai)某一(yi)(yi)個(ge)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腳上(shang)，另外，裝(zhuang)置(zhi)話(hua)(hua)(hua)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)活(huo)動(dong)桿(gan)不要(yao)抽得太長，避免話(hua)(hua)(hua)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)重心超出支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)架(jia)(jia)規模以(yi)外而(er)傾倒。

3、話筒的試音

由于會(hui)議(yi)室的特殊性，大多(duo)數狀況下不(bu)能讓(rang)說(shuo)(shuo)話(hua)者親臨會(hui)場(chang)試(shi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(例如領導說(shuo)(shuo)話(hua))，所(suo)以只(zhi)需(xu)按正常人的音(yin)(yin)(yin)量調(diao)(diao)好即可，盡量做到(dao)讓(rang)說(shuo)(shuo)話(hua)者的首句(ju)話(hua)就到(dao)達音(yin)(yin)(yin)量適中(zhong)(聲響巨細適中(zhong)又不(bu)嘯叫)，但又要留有滿足的調(diao)(diao)理容量。但若是(shi)有許(xu)多(duo)話(hua)筒時，調(diao)(diao)音(yin)(yin)(yin)員需(xu)要在調(diao)(diao)音(yin)(yin)(yin)臺和話(hua)筒之(zhi)間進行重復的調(diao)(diao)試(shi)，很費事(shi)且功(gong)率不(bu)高(gao)。

這里有(you)一個(ge)小竅(qiao)門，即是將(jiang)話(hua)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)擺好(hao)今后(hou)，將(jiang)一切話(hua)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)音臺(tai)推子(zi)放在最低(di)，增益(yi)(yi)旋(xuan)紐(niu)(niu)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)在最小處(chu)，然(ran)后(hou)將(jiang)功放調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)到(dao)往常運(yun)用的(de)恰當方位，將(jiang)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)音臺(tai)主輸出推至0dB處(chu)，然(ran)后(hou)將(jiang)某一路話(hua)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)對應推子(zi)推至該(gai)(gai)(gai)路最高電(dian)平處(chu)(通常調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)音臺(tai)為10～12dB)，再緩慢調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)理調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)音臺(tai)上該(gai)(gai)(gai)路話(hua)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)增益(yi)(yi)旋(xuan)紐(niu)(niu)，并細心監聽聲(sheng)響(xiang)，直到(dao)聽到(dao)有(you)細微的(de)嘯(xiao)叫(jiao)聲(sheng)時(shi)，行將(jiang)旋(xuan)紐(niu)(niu)往回退3dB，然(ran)后(hou)再將(jiang)該(gai)(gai)(gai)路推子(zi)拉(la)回到(dao)0dB處(chu)。這樣，該(gai)(gai)(gai)路話(hua)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)就能既確保說(shuo)話(hua)者有(you)滿(man)足的(de)音量響(xiang)度體現，又不至于導致嘯(xiao)叫(jiao)，當說(shuo)話(hua)者聲(sheng)響(xiang)較小時(shi)，又有(you)滿(man)足的(de)裕(yu)量(13dB)可(ke)供調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)整。相同處(chu)置其(qi)他話(hua)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)即可(ke)。這樣調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)整今后(hou)，一起翻(fan)開多支話(hua)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)也不會導致嘯(xiao)叫(jiao)。