電梯變頻器工作原理

現在電梯都是用變頻器來控制(zhi)，當變(bian)頻(pin)器出故障就(jiu)會給很多人(ren)帶來不便(bian)，如果維(wei)修人(ren)員(yuan)能正(zheng)確理(li)解電梯變(bian)頻(pin)器原理(li)，那么維(wei)修就(jiu)得(de)容易了。

VVVF 是(shi)(shi) Variable Voltage and Variable Frequency 的縮(suo)寫，意為改變(bian)電壓和改變(bian)頻(pin)率，也就是(shi)(shi)人們所(suo)說的變(bian)壓變(bian)頻(pin)。

CVCF 是 Constant Voltage and Constant Frequency 的(de)縮寫，意為(wei)恒(heng)電壓、恒(heng)頻率，也就是人(ren)們所說(shuo)的(de)恒(heng)壓恒(heng)頻。

我(wo)(wo)們(men)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用的電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)分為交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，一(yi)般的直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)大(da)多是(shi)由交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)通(tong)過(guo)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，整流(liu)濾波后得(de)到的。交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)人們(men)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)中占總使(shi)(shi)(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的95％左右。無論是(shi)用于(yu)家(jia)庭(ting)還是(shi)用于(yu)工廠，單相(xiang)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)三(san)(san)(san)相(xiang)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)均按(an)各國(guo)的規(gui)定(ding)有一(yi)定(ding)的標(biao)準，如我(wo)(wo)國(guo)大(da)陸(lu)規(gui)定(ding)，直(zhi)接用戶單相(xiang)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)為220V，三(san)(san)(san)相(xiang)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)為380V，頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)為50Hz，其(qi)它國(guo)家(jia)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)可(ke)能于(yu)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)不同，如有單相(xiang)100V/60Hz，三(san)(san)(san)相(xiang)200V/60Hz等等，標(biao)準的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)的交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)叫工頻(pin)(pin)(pin)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

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通常(chang)，把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和頻(pin)(pin)率固定不變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)工(gong)頻(pin)(pin)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換為電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)或頻(pin)(pin)率可變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)裝(zhuang)置稱作“變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)”。為了產(chan)生可變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和頻(pin)(pin)率，該設備首先要把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換為直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)（DC），這個過(guo)程(cheng)叫整流(liu)(liu)。把(ba)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)（DC）變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換為交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)（AC）的(de)裝(zhuang)置，其科(ke)學(xue)術(shu)語(yu)為“inverter”(逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi))。一(yi)般逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)是把(ba)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)為一(yi)定的(de)固定頻(pin)(pin)率和一(yi)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。對于逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)為頻(pin)(pin)率可調、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)可調的(de)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)我們(men)稱為變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)。

變頻器輸出的波形是模擬正弦波，主要是用在三相異步電動機調速用，又叫變頻調速器。對于主要用在儀器儀表的(de)檢測設備(bei)中的(de)波(bo)形(xing)要求較(jiao)高的(de)可變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi)，要對波(bo)形(xing)進行整(zheng)理，可以輸出(chu)標準的(de)正弦波(bo)，叫變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。一般變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)是變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)價(jia)格的(de)15－－20倍。由于變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)設備(bei)中產(chan)生變(bian)(bian)化的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)或頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率的(de)主要裝置叫“inverter”，故該產(chan)品本身就被命(ming)名為“inverter”，即：變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)。

變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器也可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于家電(dian)(dian)產(chan)品(pin)。使用(yong)(yong)(yong)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器的(de)(de)家電(dian)(dian)產(chan)品(pin)中(zhong)，不僅有電(dian)(dian)機(ji)（例如(ru)空調等），還(huan)有熒光燈等產(chan)品(pin)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)于電(dian)(dian)機(ji)控(kong)制的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器，既可(ke)以改(gai)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)壓，又可(ke)以改(gai)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)率。但用(yong)(yong)(yong)于熒光燈的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器主(zhu)要用(yong)(yong)(yong)于調節電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)頻(pin)率。汽車上使用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)由電(dian)(dian)池（直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)）產(chan)生(sheng)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)設備也以“inverter”的(de)(de)名稱(cheng)進(jin)行出售。變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器的(de)(de)工作原理被廣泛應用(yong)(yong)(yong)于各個領域。例如(ru)計算機(ji)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)，在該項應用(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)，變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器用(yong)(yong)(yong)于抑制反向電(dian)(dian)壓、頻(pin)率的(de)(de)波動及電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)瞬(shun)間斷電(dian)(dian)。

電梯變頻器維修與保養

1、電(dian)梯電(dian)氣室溫度不能太高，否(fou)則變頻器(qi)元件容易(yi)老(lao)化，最好裝有空調，效果相當不錯！

2、防止雨水(shui)淋濕，通(tong)常是在刮臺(tai)風(feng)時，窗(chuang)門(men)被風(feng)吹壞而使變頻器淋到雨水(shui)。

3、防雷(lei)電(dian)，這個(ge)就(jiu)關(guan)系到整(zheng)棟樓(lou)或整(zheng)個(ge)小區防雷(lei)設施問題，被雷(lei)擊的變頻器一般損壞嚴(yan)重。

4、變頻(pin)器的散(san)熱風扇要(yao)定(ding)時清塵，發現(xian)其有響聲或不(bu)運轉就要(yao)更換。

5、電(dian)(dian)梯電(dian)(dian)機有不(bu)正常響聲通常是變頻(pin)(pin)器有問題，如電(dian)(dian)機三相電(dian)(dian)流不(bu)平衡，這時最(zui)好就(jiu)要維修(xiu)，等到變頻(pin)(pin)器完全不(bu)行(xing)則損壞可能(neng)比較(jiao)嚴重。如果自己沒(mei)有維修(xiu)經驗就(jiu)不(bu)要自己維修(xiu)，避(bi)免把變頻(pin)(pin)器弄得更壞。