嘉興市為(wei)浙江省省轄(xia)市(shi)(shi),轄(xia)南湖(hu)、秀洲2個區(qu),嘉善(shan)、海鹽(yan)2個縣,平(ping)湖(hu)、海寧、桐鄉3個縣級市(shi)(shi),共有建制鎮43個,街道29個。截止2017年11月30日,全市(shi)(shi)戶籍(ji)人口(kou)3563714人,比去年增加42539人,全市(shi)(shi)戶籍(ji)人口(kou)出(chu)生(sheng)率(lv)(lv)為(wei)10.83‰,死亡率(lv)(lv)7.19‰,自然增長(chang)(chang)率(lv)(lv)3.65‰。遷入人口(kou)42942人,遷出(chu)人口(kou)13345人,機械增長(chang)(chang)率(lv)(lv)8.36‰。
嘉興市(shi)(shi)位于浙江省東(dong)北(bei)部、長(chang)江三角(jiao)洲杭嘉湖(hu)平原腹(fu)心地帶(dai),是長(chang)江三角(jiao)洲重要城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)之(zhi)一。市(shi)(shi)境介于北(bei)緯30度21分(fen)至31度2分(fen)與東(dong)經120度18分(fen)至121度16分(fen)之(zhi)間,東(dong)臨(lin)大海,南倚(yi)錢塘(tang)江,北(bei)負太湖(hu),西接天目之(zhi)水,大運河縱貫境內。市(shi)(shi)城(cheng)處于江、海、湖(hu)、河交會之(zhi)位,扼太湖(hu)南走廊之(zhi)咽(yan)喉,與滬(hu)、杭、蘇、湖(hu)等城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)相(xiang)距均不(bu)到百公(gong)里,區位優勢明顯,尤以(yi)在(zai)人(ren)間天堂蘇杭之(zhi)間著稱。
市境(jing)陸(lu)域東(dong)西(xi)長(chang)92公(gong)里(li)(li),南北(bei)寬76公(gong)里(li)(li),陸(lu)地面積3915平方(fang)(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li),其中平原3477平方(fang)(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li),水面328平方(fang)(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li),丘陵山地40平方(fang)(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li),市境(jing)海域4650平方(fang)(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li)。
市(shi)境(jing)地(di)(di)勢低平,平均海(hai)拔(ba)3.7米(吳淞高程(cheng)),其(qi)中(zhong)秀洲區和(he)嘉善北(bei)部最為低洼(wa),其(qi)地(di)(di)面(mian)高程(cheng)一般在(zai)3.2米~3.6米之(zhi)間(jian),部分(fen)低地(di)(di)2.8米~3.0米。全市(shi)有山(shan)丘200余個,零散分(fen)布在(zai)錢(qian)塘(tang)江杭州(zhou)灣北(bei)岸一線,海(hai)拔(ba)大多在(zai)200米以下,市(shi)境(jing)最高點是位于(yu)海(hai)鹽與海(hai)寧(ning)交界(jie)處的(de)高陽山(shan)。市(shi)境(jing)為太湖邊的(de)淺碟形(xing)(xing)洼(wa)地(di)(di),地(di)(di)勢大致呈東南向(xiang)西北(bei)傾斜(xie),由(you)于(yu)數千(qian)年來(lai)人類的(de)墾殖開發,平原被縱橫(heng)交錯的(de)塘(tang)浦(pu)河渠所分(fen)割,田、地(di)(di)、水交錯分(fen)布,形(xing)(xing)成"六田一水三分(fen)地(di)(di)",旱地(di)(di)栽(zai)桑、水田種糧、湖蕩養魚的(de)立體地(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)結構(gou),人工地(di)(di)貌(mao)明顯,水鄉特(te)色濃郁。
嘉興市地(di)處(chu)北亞(ya)熱(re)帶南(nan)緣,屬東亞(ya)季(ji)風區,冬(dong)夏季(ji)風交替,四季(ji)分(fen)明,氣(qi)溫適中(zhong),雨水(shui)豐沛,日照充足,具有春濕、夏熱(re)、秋燥、冬(dong)冷(leng)的(de)(de)特點(dian),因(yin)地(di)處(chu)中(zhong)緯度(du)(du),夏令濕熱(re)多雨的(de)(de)天氣(qi)比冬(dong)季(ji)干冷(leng)的(de)(de)天氣(qi)短得多。年平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)溫15.9攝氏度(du)(du)。年平(ping)(ping)均降(jiang)水(shui)量1168.6毫米。年平(ping)(ping)均日照2017.0小時。
春秋時,此(ci)地名(ming)(ming)長水,又(you)稱槜李,吳(wu)越(yue)(yue)兩(liang)國在此(ci)風(feng)云角(jiao)逐。戰國時,劃入楚境。秦置(zhi)由拳縣(xian)(xian)、海(hai)(hai)鹽縣(xian)(xian),屬會稽郡(jun)。赤(chi)烏五年(nian)改稱嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。兩(liang)晉(jin)、南北朝時,嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)得到進一步開(kai)發。五代(dai)十(shi)國時期,吳(wu)越(yue)(yue)國在嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)設置(zhi)開(kai)元府(fu)(fu),領嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、海(hai)(hai)鹽、華亭3縣(xian)(xian),是為(wei)(wei)嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)首次設州府(fu)(fu)級(ji)政權。清(qing)咸豐十(shi)年(nian)(1860),太平軍(jun)(jun)攻(gong)克嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),建(jian)聽王府(fu)(fu)為(wei)(wei)當地軍(jun)(jun)政領導機(ji)構(gou)。清(qing)朝中(zhong)期以后,受(shou)帝國主義(yi)掠奪和(he)封建(jian)主義(yi)的剝削,嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的經濟(ji)和(he)城市(shi)面(mian)貌日漸衰落和(he)凋敝。1911年(nian)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)7日,辛亥革命黨(dang)人光復(fu)嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),成立嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)軍(jun)(jun)政分(fen)府(fu)(fu)。民國初(chu)廢府(fu)(fu)存(cun)縣(xian)(xian),改稱嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)禾縣(xian)(xian),后復(fu)稱嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)縣(xian)(xian)。1921年(nian)8月(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu),中(zhong)國共產(chan)黨(dang)第(di)一次全國代(dai)表大會在嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)南湖的一艘游船上閉幕(mu),宣(xuan)告(gao)中(zhong)國共產(chan)黨(dang)成立。1949年(nian)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)7日嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)解放,分(fen)設嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)縣(xian)(xian)、嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)市(shi),后撤(che)(che)并頻繁。1983年(nian)8月(yue)(yue)(yue),撤(che)(che)銷嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)地區(qu)(qu)行政公署,分(fen)設嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、湖州市(shi),嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)市(shi)設城區(qu)(qu)和(he)郊(jiao)區(qu)(qu),下(xia)轄(xia)嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)善、平湖、桐鄉、海(hai)(hai)寧、海(hai)(hai)鹽5縣(xian)(xian)。1985年(nian)1月(yue)(yue)(yue),經中(zhong)共中(zhong)央、國務院(yuan)批準,嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)市(shi)區(qu)(qu)及(ji)所轄(xia)嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)善、桐鄉、海(hai)(hai)寧縣(xian)(xian)被列為(wei)(wei)長江(jiang)三角(jiao)洲經濟(ji)開(kai)放區(qu)(qu),至(zhi)1988年(nian),嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)市(shi)及(ji)所轄(xia)5縣(xian)(xian)均被列為(wei)(wei)經濟(ji)開(kai)放區(qu)(qu)。1993年(nian)11月(yue)(yue)(yue),嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)城區(qu)(qu)更名(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)秀(xiu)(xiu)城區(qu)(qu);1999年(nian)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)21日,郊(jiao)區(qu)(qu)更名(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)秀(xiu)(xiu)洲區(qu)(qu),2005年(nian)嘉(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)興(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)秀(xiu)(xiu)城區(qu)(qu)更名(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)南湖區(qu)(qu)。
香樟(zhang)為常綠喬木(mu),樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠廣(guang)展(zhan),枝(zhi)葉(xie)茂密,綠蔭(yin)蔽日,氣(qi)勢雄(xiong)偉,為優良的(de)庭院、行(xing)道樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)種。香樟(zhang)植(zhi)物全身均有(you)樟(zhang)腦香氣(qi),可提取樟(zhang)腦和樟(zhang)油,供工業及(ji)醫藥等(deng)用,木(mu)材堅(jian)硬美觀(guan),是良好的(de)家具用材。樟(zhang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)廣(guang)布于我國長江以南各地,嘉興(xing)種植(zhi)也比較普遍,而且還存有(you)百年(nian)以上(shang)的(de)大樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),市區內(nei)列入大樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、名木(mu)檔案的(de)樟(zhang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)有(you)90株。
鵑花(hua)(hua)居我國三(san)大天然名花(hua)(hua)之(zhi)首,在嘉(jia)興(xing)花(hua)(hua)卉的(de)(de)栽(zai)培中已經占(zhan)有一(yi)定優勢。目前杜(du)鵑在嘉(jia)興(xing)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)種植已十(shi)分普(pu)及。據初步統計,本市(shi)(shi)(shi)已有約(yue)二(er)百栽(zai)培品種,種質資源較為(wei)(wei)豐富。杜(du)鵑花(hua)(hua)在我市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)栽(zai)培史已有四(si)(si)十(shi)年,近幾年栽(zai)種已較為(wei)(wei)普(pu)及。杜(du)鵑花(hua)(hua)色(se)彩絢麗,花(hua)(hua)期從3月(yue)(yue)至6月(yue)(yue),長(chang)達四(si)(si)個(ge)月(yue)(yue)之(zhi)久,深受我市(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)民的(de)(de)喜愛。杜(du)鵑作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)市(shi)(shi)(shi)花(hua)(hua),將以她獨特的(de)(de)風格出類拔萃,象(xiang)征著新嘉(jia)興(xing)欣欣向榮,錦(jin)上(shang)添花(hua)(hua)。
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