【玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)除草(cao)劑】玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)除草(cao)劑哪種好 玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)除草(cao)劑選擇和使用
玉米除草劑哪種好
由于玉米田里草的種類多種多樣,不同階段也會出現不同種類的草。因此,選擇玉米除草劑 需要根據雜草種類、生長階段選擇合適的玉米除草劑。
1、酰胺類(lei)除(chu)草(cao)劑(ji):該類(lei)產品是目前(qian)玉米(mi)田最為(wei)重(zhong)要(yao)的一類(lei)除(chu)草(cao)劑(ji),可以被雜草(cao)芽吸收, 在(zai)雜草(cao)發芽前(qian)進行土壤封(feng)閉處理(li),能有效防治一年生禾本科(ke)雜草(cao)和(he)部分(fen)一年生闊葉雜草(cao)。該 類(lei)除(chu)草(cao)劑(ji)品種較多,如乙草(cao)胺、甲草(cao)胺、丁草(cao)胺、異丙甲草(cao)胺、異丙草(cao)胺等。
2、三(san)氮苯類除草(cao)(cao)(cao)劑(ji):可以(yi)(yi)有效(xiao)防治(zhi)一年生闊葉雜草(cao)(cao)(cao)和一年生禾本(ben)科(ke)雜草(cao)(cao)(cao),以(yi)(yi)雜草(cao)(cao)(cao)根(gen)系吸 收(shou)為主,也可以(yi)(yi)被雜草(cao)(cao)(cao)莖(jing)葉少量吸收(shou)。代表品(pin)種有莠去(qu)津(jin)(jin)、氰草(cao)(cao)(cao)津(jin)(jin)、西(xi)瑪津(jin)(jin)、撲(pu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)津(jin)(jin)等,其 中以(yi)(yi)莠去(qu)津(jin)(jin)使(shi)用較多,對(dui)玉(yu)米較為安(an)全,活性最高;但莠去(qu)津(jin)(jin)宜與乙(yi)草(cao)(cao)(cao)胺(an)等混(hun)用以(yi)(yi)降低用量 ,提(ti)高除草(cao)(cao)(cao)效(xiao)果和對(dui)后(hou)茬作(zuo)物的(de)安(an)全性。
3、苯氧羧酸類除草劑(ji):主要用(yong)于玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)苗(miao)后防治闊葉(xie)雜(za)草和香附子。代表(biao)品種有2甲(jia)4氯(lv)鈉(na) 鹽、2。4-D丁酯(zhi)。其(qi)中(zhong)2甲(jia)4氯(lv)鈉(na)鹽廣(guang)泛(fan)用(yong)于玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)田防治香附子,但(dan)使用(yong)時(shi)期不(bu)當易產生藥害 。
4、磺(huang)(huang)(huang)酰(xian)脲類除草(cao)(cao)劑:煙(yan)嘧磺(huang)(huang)(huang)隆、砜嘧磺(huang)(huang)(huang)隆可以用(yong)于玉米田(tian)防治禾本(ben)科雜(za)(za)草(cao)(cao)、莎草(cao)(cao)科雜(za)(za)草(cao)(cao) 和部(bu)分闊(kuo)葉雜(za)(za)草(cao)(cao);噻(sai)黃(huang)隆可以用(yong)于玉米田(tian)防治一(yi)年(nian)生闊(kuo)葉雜(za)(za)草(cao)(cao)。
5、其它除(chu)草(cao)劑:百草(cao)枯和草(cao)甘(gan)膦是(shi)滅生性除(chu)草(cao)劑,可以在玉米40厘米高以后進行定向噴(pen) 霧,有效防(fang)治多(duo)種(zhong)雜草(cao);也可以用(yong)使它隆、百草(cao)敵(di)、溴苯腈、苯達松等品種(zhong)防(fang)治玉米田闊(kuo)葉 雜草(cao)。
玉米除草劑使用方法
1、土壤(rang)(rang)封(feng)閉(bi)(bi)除(chu)草(cao)(cao)技術(shu)。土壤(rang)(rang)封(feng)閉(bi)(bi)除(chu)草(cao)(cao)技術(shu)一(yi)(yi)直是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)田(tian)除(chu)草(cao)(cao)中采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)方(fang)法(fa),雜(za)草(cao)(cao)出(chu)土前一(yi)(yi)次施藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)即(ji)可(ke)有效(xiao)(xiao)控制玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)整個生育期(qi)(qi)間的(de)(de)雜(za)草(cao)(cao)危害。使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)封(feng)閉(bi)(bi)除(chu)草(cao)(cao)技術(shu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)點如(ru)下(xia): 要(yao)(yao)(yao)正(zheng)確選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)除(chu)草(cao)(cao)劑品種:選擇具(ju)有新型、安全、高(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)、低(di)毒、低(di)殘留等特點的(de)(de)品種。 使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi)間:玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)播種后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)出(chu)苗前,或(huo)(huo)者是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)出(chu)苗后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)早期(qi)(qi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。這一(yi)(yi)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)雜(za)草(cao)(cao)正(zheng)處于出(chu)苗期(qi)(qi),易觸藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)而死亡,待雜(za)草(cao)(cao)出(chu)苗后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)再噴(pen)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)效(xiao)(xiao)果就會不太(tai)理(li)想。 使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)劑量(liang):常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)量(liang),按(an)照說(shuo)明書(shu)推薦劑量(liang)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。但機械收(shou)割麥茬較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)地塊,可(ke)適當(dang)增(zeng)加用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)。嚴禁點燃(ran)麥茬,以(yi)(yi)防燃(ran)燒后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)麥灰與除(chu)草(cao)(cao)劑發生反應(ying),降低(di)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)效(xiao)(xiao)。 使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)法(fa):要(yao)(yao)(yao)求最(zui)好(hao)在(zai)澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)或(huo)(huo)降雨后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)田(tian)間濕度(du)較(jiao)大時(shi)(shi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),最(zui)好(hao)在(zai)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)播種后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)立(li)即(ji)灌水(shui)(shui)(shui),灌水(shui)(shui)(shui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)2—3天(tian)即(ji)可(ke)噴(pen)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。兌(dui)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)時(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)充(chong)分搖晃均(jun)勻,然后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)按(an)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)面積計(ji)算藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)量(liang),并準確量(liang)取(qu)(qu)。噴(pen)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)時(shi)(shi)為(wei)了不破壞(huai)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)膜,采取(qu)(qu)倒著(zhu)走(zou),邊噴(pen)邊退(tui)的(de)(de)方(fang)式進行。 注(zhu)意(yi)事項:一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)好(hao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)噴(pen)霧(wu)器(qi),兌(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)充(chong)足,噴(pen)霧(wu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)均(jun)勻,勿重噴(pen)或(huo)(huo)漏噴(pen),避(bi)免大風天(tian)氣噴(pen)霧(wu);二是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)剛露頭時(shi)(shi)及玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)制種田(tian)、砂性土壤(rang)(rang)不宜使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),以(yi)(yi)免產生藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)害;三是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)噴(pen)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)地表形成一(yi)(yi)層藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)膜,不要(yao)(yao)(yao)中耕而破壞(huai)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)膜;四是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)噴(pen)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)以(yi)(yi)早上10點前或(huo)(huo)下(xia)午4點后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)為(wei)好(hao),避(bi)免藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)液(ye)揮發或(huo)(huo)破壞(huai)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)膜;五是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)24小時(shi)(shi)內如(ru)遇大雨,應(ying)及時(shi)(shi)補(bu)噴(pen);六是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對香附子(即(ji)莎(sha)草(cao)(cao))較(jiao)多(duo)地塊應(ying)在(zai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有效(xiao)(xiao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)劑定(ding)向噴(pen)霧(wu)防除(chu);七是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)噴(pen)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)及時(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)堿水(shui)(shui)(shui)清洗(xi)噴(pen)霧(wu)器(qi)械,免傷其它(ta)作物。
2、莖(jing)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)噴(pen)(pen)霧。阿寶(bao)桶混劑(ji)(ji)(ji)是莠(you)去(qu)津(jin)與寶(bao)成(cheng)組成(cheng)的(de)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)田現(xian)混現(xian)用(yong)(yong)的(de)苗(miao)后(hou)一次(ci)性(xing)(xing)除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)。可(ke)防除(chu)(chu)稗(bai)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、馬唐、牛筋草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、狗尾(wei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、野(ye)(ye)燕麥、野(ye)(ye)高粱、黎(li)、莧、風花(hua)菜(cai)、鴨跖草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、薺菜(cai)、馬齒莧、豬毛菜(cai)、狼把草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、野(ye)(ye)西爪苗(miao)、豚草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、苣賣菜(cai)、刺兒菜(cai)等多種玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)田禾本科雜草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)和闊葉(xie)(xie)(xie)雜草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)。持效(xiao)(xiao)期適中,對(dui)(dui)當季(ji)作物及后(hou)茬作物安全,在干旱條件(jian)下,也能達到(dao)很好的(de)除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)。在玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)3~5葉(xie)(xie)(xie)期,雜草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)出(chu)苗(miao)后(hou)3-5葉(xie)(xie)(xie)期施藥。華北夏(xia)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)田每公(gong)(gong)頃用(yong)(yong)38%莠(you)去(qu)津(jin)1500毫(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)25%寶(bao)成(cheng)60克(ke)(ke)(ke),東北春(chun)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)田每公(gong)(gong)頃用(yong)(yong)38%莠(you)去(qu)津(jin)2250毫(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)25%寶(bao)成(cheng)75克(ke)(ke)(ke),加(jia)(jia)(jia)水(shui)(shui)450升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),均勻(yun)噴(pen)(pen)霧。若加(jia)(jia)(jia)入噴(pen)(pen)液量(liang)0。1%-0。2%的(de)非(fei)離子(zi)型表面活性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)或(huo)中性(xing)(xing)洗衣粉(fen),可(ke)提(ti)高除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)。 玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)出(chu)苗(miao)后(hou)3-5葉(xie)(xie)(xie)期,單子(zi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)雜草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)l~2葉(xie)(xie)(xie)期,雙(shuang)子(zi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)雜草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)2~4葉(xie)(xie)(xie)期、每公(gong)(gong)頃可(ke)用(yong)(yong)40%乙莠(you)水(shui)(shui)懸(xuan)浮乳(ru)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)3000~3750毫(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),或(huo)4%玉(yu)(yu)農(nong)樂水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)1200-1500毫(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),或(huo)50%都阿合(he)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)3000毫(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),或(huo)38%莠(you)去(qu)津(jin)膠懸(xuan)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)2250毫(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)48%拉索乳(ru)油(you)1800-2250毫(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),或(huo)38%莠(you)去(qu)津(jin)膠懸(xuan)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)2250毫(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)33%除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)通(tong)乳(ru)油(you)1500毫(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),或(huo)38%莠(you)去(qu)津(jin)膠懸(xuan)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)2250毫(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)4%玉(yu)(yu)農(nong)樂水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)900毫(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。或(huo)38%莠(you)去(qu)津(jin)膠懸(xuan)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)1800毫(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)48%百草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)敵水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)300毫(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),加(jia)(jia)(jia)水(shui)(shui)750千克(ke)(ke)(ke)均勻(yun)噴(pen)(pen)霧。闊葉(xie)(xie)(xie)雜草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)較重發生的(de)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)田,可(ke)在玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)4~6葉(xie)(xie)(xie)期,每公(gong)(gong)頃用(yong)(yong)75%巨星(闊葉(xie)(xie)(xie)凈)干懸(xuan)浮劑(ji)(ji)(ji)15克(ke)(ke)(ke)。或(huo)75%寶(bao)收(shou)(闊葉(xie)(xie)(xie)散)15克(ke)(ke)(ke),或(huo)48%百草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)敵水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)375~450毫(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),或(huo)72%2,4-滴丁酯乳(ru)油(you)750毫(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),或(huo)22。5%伴地農(nong)乳(ru)油(you)1200-1500毫(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),或(huo)20%使它隆(long)乳(ru)油(you)750-900毫(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),加(jia)(jia)(jia)水(shui)(shui)450升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),均勻(yun)噴(pen)(pen)霧。 有(you)的(de)地區若在玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)播種出(chu)苗(miao)前后(hou)由于(yu)三夏(xia)大(da)忙季(ji)節勞動(dong)力緊(jin)張,或(huo)因天(tian)氣炎熱多雨來不及施藥除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao),在玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)生長中后(hou)期發生草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)荒,每公(gong)(gong)頃用(yong)(yong)20%一把火水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)3升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),或(huo)10%草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)甘(gan)膦水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)9-12升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),或(huo)41%一把手水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)3~4。5升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)水(shui)(shui)450升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),噴(pen)(pen)頭上加(jia)(jia)(jia)保護罩,對(dui)(dui)雜草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)定(ding)向(xiang)噴(pen)(pen)霧,盡(jin)量(liang)避免將藥液噴(pen)(pen)到(dao)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)莖(jing)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)上。
3、免耕(geng)玉米田。由(you)乙阿(a)合劑與農民(min)樂(le)制成的(de)乙阿(a)樂(le)桶混劑是免耕(geng)帶(dai)茬(cha)播(bo)種(zhong)玉米田的(de)理想除(chu)草(cao)劑。該(gai)劑的(de)殺草(cao)譜(pu)廣、藥效(xiao)顯著,既能防除(chu)所有已出苗的(de)雜(za)草(cao),又能防除(chu)或控制末出苗的(de)一年生由(you)種(zhong)子繁殖的(de)禾本科及闊葉雜(za)草(cao);持(chi)效(xiao)期長,一次施藥能保證整個生長季(ji)節不受雜(za)草(cao)為害,而且對當季(ji)和(he)后茬(cha)作物都很安全。在小麥收(shou)割后,玉米播(bo)種(zhong)前,每公頃用40%乙阿(a)合劑2250-3000克(ke)加(jia)74。7%農民(min)樂(le)600-900克(ke),兌水450升,噴頭(tou)高度應(ying)高于雜(za)草(cao)30厘米,均勻噴霧(wu)。
4、地(di)膜(mo)覆(fu)蓋玉米(mi)(mi)田。在(zai)氣溫(wen)(wen)較低又干旱的(de)(de)(de)春玉米(mi)(mi)區,常采用(yong)地(di)膜(mo)覆(fu)蓋栽培技術,來(lai)增地(di)溫(wen)(wen)保墑情(qing),以促(cu)進(jin)玉米(mi)(mi)出苗(miao)快長(chang)。由(you)于(yu)地(di)膜(mo)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度高,濕度大,十(shi)分有(you)利于(yu)除(chu)草(cao)(cao)劑(ji)藥(yao)效的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)揮,因(yin)此,與露地(di)施藥(yao)相比(bi),較低的(de)(de)(de)除(chu)草(cao)(cao)劑(ji)用(yong)量(liang)(liang)(一般比(bi)常規用(yong)量(liang)(liang)減少(shao)1/4~1/2)便可收到很好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)除(chu)草(cao)(cao)效果(guo)。每公頃(qing)可用(yong)40%乙莠水(shui)懸浮乳劑(ji)1800~2250毫(hao)升(sheng)(sheng),或50%乙草(cao)(cao)胺(an)乳油750-1050毫(hao)升(sheng)(sheng),或72%都爾乳油900~1200毫(hao)升(sheng)(sheng),90%禾耐(nai)斯乳油600~750毫(hao)升(sheng)(sheng),或48%拉(la)索乳油2250毫(hao)升(sheng)(sheng),或33%除(chu)草(cao)(cao)通乳油1500-2250毫(hao)升(sheng)(sheng),在(zai)玉米(mi)(mi)播(bo)種(zhong)鎮壓后加水(shui)450-750升(sheng)(sheng),均勻噴霧,然后覆(fu)膜(mo)封土。如(ru)果(guo)是(shi)苗(miao)帶(dai)施藥(yao),要根據實際施藥(yao)面積計算(suan)用(yong)藥(yao)量(liang)(liang)。