【光纖放大(da)器(qi)(qi)】光纖放大(da)器(qi)(qi)是什(shen)么 光纖放大(da)器(qi)(qi)調節使用說明(ming)

一、什么是光纖放大器

光纖放(fang)大(da)(da)器是指運(yun)用于(yu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖通(tong)信(xin)(xin)線(xian)路中(zhong)(zhong)，實(shi)現(xian)信(xin)(xin)號放(fang)大(da)(da)的(de)一種(zhong)新型(xing)全光(guang)(guang)(guang)放(fang)大(da)(da)器。根據它(ta)在光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖線(xian)路中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)位置和(he)(he)作(zuo)用，一般(ban)分(fen)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)繼(ji)放(fang)大(da)(da)、前置放(fang)大(da)(da)和(he)(he)功率放(fang)大(da)(da)三種(zhong)。同傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)半(ban)導體激光(guang)(guang)(guang)放(fang)大(da)(da)器（SOA）相比較，OFA不需要(yao)經過光(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)轉(zhuan)換、電(dian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)轉(zhuan)換和(he)(he)信(xin)(xin)號再生等復雜過程(cheng)，可(ke)直接對信(xin)(xin)號進行全光(guang)(guang)(guang)放(fang)大(da)(da)，具有很(hen)好的(de)“透明性”，特別適用于(yu)長途光(guang)(guang)(guang)通(tong)信(xin)(xin)的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)繼(ji)放(fang)大(da)(da)。可(ke)以說(shuo)，OFA為(wei)實(shi)現(xian)全光(guang)(guang)(guang)通(tong)信(xin)(xin)奠定了一項技術基礎。

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二、光纖放大器分類

光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖放(fang)(fang)大(da)器是(shi)可(ke)以(yi)將信(xin)號(hao)進行(xing)放(fang)(fang)大(da)的一(yi)種新(xin)型全光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)放(fang)(fang)大(da)器，根(gen)據它在(zai)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖線(xian)路中的位置(zhi)以(yi)及作用(yong)，一(yi)般可(ke)以(yi)分為中繼放(fang)(fang)大(da)、前(qian)置(zhi)放(fang)(fang)大(da)和(he)功率放(fang)(fang)大(da)三種。同傳統的半導體激光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)放(fang)(fang)大(da)器相比較，OFA不需(xu)要經過(guo)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)、電光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)和(he)信(xin)號(hao)再生等復雜過(guo)程(cheng)，可(ke)直接(jie)對信(xin)號(hao)進行(xing)全光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)放(fang)(fang)大(da)，具(ju)有很好(hao)的“透明性”，特別(bie)適用(yong)于長途(tu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)通信(xin)的中繼放(fang)(fang)大(da)。

三、光纖放大器原理

光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)放大器(qi)(qi)(qi)技(ji)術就是在光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)的(de)纖(xian)(xian)芯(xin)中摻入能產生激(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)稀(xi)土元素，通過(guo)(guo)激(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)提供的(de)直流光(guang)(guang)(guang)激(ji)勵(li)，使通過(guo)(guo)的(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)信號得(de)到放大。傳(chuan)統的(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)傳(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)系統是采用光(guang)(guang)(guang)—電—光(guang)(guang)(guang)再生中繼(ji)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，這(zhe)種中繼(ji)設備影響系統的(de)穩定性和可靠性，為去掉上(shang)述轉換(huan)過(guo)(guo)程，直接在光(guang)(guang)(guang)路上(shang)對信號進行(xing)放大傳(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)，就要用一個(ge)全光(guang)(guang)(guang)傳(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)型中繼(ji)器(qi)(qi)(qi)來(lai)代替這(zhe)種再生中繼(ji)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。

在摻鉺(er)光(guang)纖中(zhong)注入(ru)足夠強(qiang)的泵浦光(guang)，就可以將大(da)部(bu)分處(chu)(chu)(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)基(ji)(ji)態(tai)(tai)的Er3+離子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)抽運到激(ji)發態(tai)(tai)，處(chu)(chu)(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)激(ji)發態(tai)(tai)的Er3+離子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)又迅(xun)速無輻(fu)射(she)(she)地轉(zhuan)移(yi)到亞(ya)穩(wen)態(tai)(tai)。由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)Er3+離子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)在亞(ya)穩(wen)態(tai)(tai)能級上壽(shou)命較長(chang)，因(yin)此很容易在亞(ya)穩(wen)態(tai)(tai)與(yu)基(ji)(ji)態(tai)(tai)之間形成粒子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)數反轉(zhuan)。當信(xin)號(hao)光(guang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)通過摻鉺(er)光(guang)纖時，與(yu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)亞(ya)穩(wen)態(tai)(tai)的Er3+離子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)相互作用發生(sheng)(sheng)受激(ji)輻(fu)射(she)(she)效(xiao)應，產生(sheng)(sheng)大(da)量(liang)與(yu)自身完全相同(tong)的光(guang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，這時通過摻鉺(er)光(guang)纖傳(chuan)輸(shu)的信(xin)號(hao)光(guang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)迅(xun)速增多，產生(sheng)(sheng)信(xin)號(hao)放(fang)大(da)作用。Er3+離子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)亞(ya)穩(wen)態(tai)(tai)時，除了發生(sheng)(sheng)受激(ji)輻(fu)射(she)(she)和受激(ji)吸收以外(wai)，還要產生(sheng)(sheng)自發輻(fu)射(she)(she)（ASE），它造(zao)成EDFA的噪聲。

四、光纖放大器的作用

光纖(xian)放大器的(de)市場應用廣泛，主要(yao)是應用于通訊行業，光纖(xian)放大器將輸(shu)入訊號的(de)功率放大，可(ke)以實現多途徑的(de)應用。我們經常使用到(dao)(dao)的(de)電視、廣播等都要(yao)使用到(dao)(dao)這樣的(de)設備，而(er)且光纖(xian)放大器是通信系(xi)統中不能夠(gou)缺(que)少的(de)重要(yao)部件(jian)，其重要(yao)性顯(xian)而(er)易見。

目前(qian)市面上主要(yao)是以寬窄來劃(hua)分這類(lei)產品，根(gen)據需求來進(jin)行選擇，即可購(gou)買到合適的產品。窄帶高頻功(gong)率放大器主要(yao)是作為(wei)輸出回路使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，而寬帶高頻功(gong)率放大器的作用(yong)(yong)是匹配電路或者是變壓器，二者應用(yong)(yong)途徑不同(tong)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)方式也略有差異。

但(dan)是(shi)光纖放大器的整體(ti)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)方式相同，而(er)且應用(yong)(yong)范圍較廣，只要是(shi)和訊號傳播(bo)有關(guan)的工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)和設(she)備都要使用(yong)(yong)到(dao)這類(lei)產(chan)品。推薦選擇(ze)高性(xing)(xing)價(jia)比(bi)的品牌，畢竟(jing)其(qi)出現故障將影響到(dao)整個機器的運作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。而(er)高品質的產(chan)品耐(nai)用(yong)(yong)度更高，高性(xing)(xing)價(jia)比(bi)也值得(de)我們選購。

五、光纖放大器怎么調

自動設定法：

1.開(kai)關由RUN位(wei)置推到SET位(wei)置，進入設(she)定(ding)狀態;

2.按(an)住SET鍵約3秒鐘(zhong)后進入自(zi)動判斷模(mo)式，此時燈會從快速閃(shan)爍變成1秒鐘(zhong)一(yi)次;

3.繼(ji)續(xu)按住SET鍵不放，讓被測物在光纖(xian)前經(jing)過，重復3~8次;

4.被測物離(li)開光纖檢測區域后，放開SET鍵，靈敏度(du)設定OK;

5.最后將開關(guan)由SET位置(zhi)推回RUN.進(jin)入(ru)鎖定狀態，最后我(wo)們還可以根據實際情況(kuang)對F70AR進(jin)行微(wei)調。

六、光纖放大器的調節方法

無線光通信是(shi)以激光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)作(zuo)為信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息載(zai)體，是(shi)一種(zhong)不需(xu)要任何有線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)道(dao)作(zuo)為傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)媒介的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)方式(shi)。與微波(bo)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)相比，無(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)所(suo)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)激光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)頻率高(gao)，方向性(xing)(xing)強（保密性(xing)(xing)好），可(ke)(ke)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)頻譜寬，無(wu)需(xu)申請頻率使(shi)用(yong)許可(ke)(ke);與光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)相比，無(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)造(zao)價低，施(shi)工簡便、迅速(su)。它結合了光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)和微波(bo)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)優勢，已(yi)成為一種(zhong)新興(xing)的(de)(de)(de)寬帶無(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)接人方式(shi)，受(shou)到了人們的(de)(de)(de)廣(guang)泛(fan)關注。但是(shi)，惡(e)劣的(de)(de)(de)天氣(qi)(qi)情況，會對無(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)播(bo)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)產(chan)生衰(shuai)耗(hao)作(zuo)用(yong)。空氣(qi)(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)散(san)射粒子，會使(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在空間(jian)、時(shi)間(jian)和角度上產(chan)生不同程度的(de)(de)(de)偏差。大(da)氣(qi)(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)粒子還可(ke)(ke)能吸收(shou)激光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)能量(liang)，使(shi)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)率衰(shuai)減，在無(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)系(xi)統(tong)低損耗(hao)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)播(bo)路徑已(yi)不復存在。大(da)氣(qi)(qi)環境多變的(de)(de)(de)客觀性(xing)(xing)無(wu)法改變，要獲得更好更快的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)效(xiao)果(guo)，對在大(da)氣(qi)(qi)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)道(dao)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)就提出(chu)了更高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)要求，一般地，采用(yong)大(da)功(gong)率的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)可(ke)(ke)以得到更好的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)效(xiao)果(guo)。隨著光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)放大(da)器(qi)（EDFA）的(de)(de)(de)迅速(su)發(fa)展，穩定可(ke)(ke)靠的(de)(de)(de)大(da)功(gong)率光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)源將在各(ge)種(zhong)應(ying)用(yong)中(zhong)滿足無(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)要求。