【精密鋼(gang)管(guan)】精密鋼(gang)管(guan)的生(sheng)產流程 精密鋼(gang)管(guan)優(you)點

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精密鋼管基本用途

精密鋼管廣泛用于汽車、摩托車、電動車、石化、電力、船只、航天、軸承、氣動元件、中低壓鍋爐無縫鋼管(guan)等范疇，也可適用于鋼筋套(tao)筒、軸承、液壓、機械加工(gong)等領域(yu)！

精密鋼管生產流程

精密(mi)鋼管的生(sheng)產(chan)流程和普通的無(wu)縫管一(yi)樣，就是(shi)多了道最后(hou)酸洗冷軋的程序。

精密鋼管工藝流程

管(guan)坯——檢驗——剝皮——檢驗——加熱——穿孔——酸洗(xi)鈍(dun)化(hua)——修磨——潤滑風干——冷軋——去油(you)——切頭——檢驗——標識——成品包裝

鋼管區別

1、無縫鋼管主要特點是無焊(han)接(jie)縫，可承(cheng)受較(jiao)大的壓力(li)。產(chan)品(pin)可以是很(hen)粗糙(cao)的鑄態或冷撥件。

2、精密(mi)鋼管是近幾年出現的(de)產(chan)品，主要是內孔、外壁尺寸(cun)有(you)嚴格的(de)公差及粗糙度(du)。

精密鋼管特點

1.外徑更小。

2.精度高可(ke)做小批量生。

3.冷(leng)拔成品精(jing)度高(gao)，表面質(zhi)量好。

4.鋼管橫面積更(geng)復(fu)雜。

5.鋼管性能更(geng)優越(yue)，金屬比較密。

3.冷拔成品精度高，表面質量好。

4.鋼管橫(heng)面積更復雜。

5.鋼管性能更優(you)越，金屬(shu)比較(jiao)密。

精密(mi)鋼(gang)管計算公式：:[(外徑-壁(bi)厚)*壁(bi)厚]*0.02466=kg/米(mi)(每米(mi)的(de)重量(liang))

熱處理工藝

前奏

真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)退(tui)(tui)火優質彈簧鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)、工具鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)、精密(mi)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管的絲材(cai)，不(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)制品及鈦合(he)金(jin)材(cai)，作光亮(liang)退(tui)(tui)火均可(ke)采(cai)(cai)用真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)處(chu)理。退(tui)(tui)火溫度(du)愈低(di)，則要求真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)度(du)愈高。為防(fang)止鉻的蒸發(fa)及加速熱(re)傳導，一(yi)般(ban)采(cai)(cai)用載(zai)氣(qi)加熱(re)(保(bao)溫)法，并注意對不(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)和(he)鈦合(he)金(jin)不(bu)宜用氮而應采(cai)(cai)用氬氣(qi)。

過程

真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)淬(cui)(cui)火真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)淬(cui)(cui)火爐(lu)按冷(leng)卻(que)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)分為油(you)(you)淬(cui)(cui)和(he)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)淬(cui)(cui)兩類，按工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)數分為單(dan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)式(shi)和(he)雙(shuang)室(shi)(shi)(shi)式(shi)，904山畏嘲(chao)均屬(shu)周期式(shi)作業爐(lu)。真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)油(you)(you)淬(cui)(cui)爐(lu)都是(shi)雙(shuang)室(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)，后(hou)(hou)室(shi)(shi)(shi)置電加(jia)(jia)熱(re)元件(jian)，前室(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)下(xia)方(fang)(fang)置油(you)(you)槽(cao)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)完成(cheng)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)、保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)后(hou)(hou)移(yi)入(ru)前室(shi)(shi)(shi)，關(guan)閉(bi)中(zhong)門后(hou)(hou)向前室(shi)(shi)(shi)充入(ru)惰性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)至(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)約2．66%26times;lO～1．01%26times;10 Pa(200～760mm汞柱(zhu))，入(ru)油(you)(you)。油(you)(you)淬(cui)(cui)易引起工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)表面變(bian)(bian)質(zhi)。由于(yu)表面活性大(da)(da)(da)，在(zai)(zai)短暫(zan)的(de)(de)(de)高溫(wen)(wen)油(you)(you)膜作用(yong)(yong)下(xia)即可發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)顯著薄(bo)層滲碳(tan)，此外(wai)，碳(tan)黑和(he)油(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)表面的(de)(de)(de)粘附對簡化熱(re)處(chu)(chu)理流(liu)程很不利。真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)淬(cui)(cui)火技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)主(zhu)(zhu)要在(zai)(zai)于(yu)研(yan)制性能(neng)(neng)優良、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)單(dan)一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)淬(cui)(cui)火爐(lu)。前述(shu)雙(shuang)室(shi)(shi)(shi)式(shi)爐(lu)亦可用(yong)(yong)于(yu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)淬(cui)(cui)(在(zai)(zai)前室(shi)(shi)(shi)噴氣(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)卻(que))，但(dan)雙(shuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)操(cao)作使大(da)(da)(da)批量(liang)裝爐(lu)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)困難(nan)，也(ye)易在(zai)(zai)高溫(wen)(wen)移(yi)動(dong)中(zhong)引起工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)或改變(bian)(bian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)方(fang)(fang)位(wei)增加(jia)(jia)淬(cui)(cui)火變(bian)(bian)形(xing)。單(dan)一(yi)(yi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)淬(cui)(cui)火爐(lu)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)完成(cheng)后(hou)(hou)在(zai)(zai)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)室(shi)(shi)(shi)內噴氣(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)卻(que)。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)的(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)速不如油(you)(you)冷(leng)快，也(ye)低于(yu)傳統淬(cui)(cui)火法(fa)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)熔鹽等(deng)溫(wen)(wen)、分級(ji)淬(cui)(cui)火。因而，不斷提(ti)高噴冷(leng)室(shi)(shi)(shi)壓(ya)力(li)，增大(da)(da)(da)流(liu)量(liang)，以及采用(yong)(yong)摩(mo)爾質(zhi)量(liang)比氮(dan)(dan)和(he)氬小的(de)(de)(de)惰性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體氦(hai)和(he)氫(qing)，是(shi)當今真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)淬(cui)(cui)火技(ji)術(shu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)流(liu)。70年代后(hou)(hou)期將氮(dan)(dan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)噴冷(leng)的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)力(li)從(1～2)%26times;10Pa提(ti)高到(dao)(5～6)%26times;10Pa，使冷(leng)卻(que)能(neng)(neng)力(li)接(jie)(jie)近(jin)于(yu)常壓(ya)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)冷(leng)。80年代中(zhong)期出現超(chao)高壓(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)淬(cui)(cui)，用(yong)(yong)(10～20)%26times;10Pa的(de)(de)(de)氦(hai)，冷(leng)卻(que)能(neng)(neng)力(li)等(deng)于(yu)或略(lve)高于(yu)油(you)(you)淬(cui)(cui)，已(yi)進(jin)入(ru)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業實(shi)用(yong)(yong)。90年代初采用(yong)(yong)40%26times;10Pa的(de)(de)(de)氫(qing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，接(jie)(jie)近(jin)水淬(cui)(cui)的(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)卻(que)能(neng)(neng)力(li)，尚處(chu)(chu)于(yu)起步階(jie)段(duan)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業發(fa)(fa)達國(guo)家(jia)已(yi)進(jin)展(zhan)到(dao)以高壓(ya)(5～6)%26times;10。Pa氣(qi)(qi)(qi)淬(cui)(cui)為主(zhu)(zhu)體，而中(zhong)國(guo)產氣(qi)(qi)(qi)淬(cui)(cui)一(yi)(yi)些金屬(shu)的(de)(de)(de)蒸氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(理論值)與(yu)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系則尚處(chu)(chu)于(yu)一(yi)(yi)般加(jia)(jia)壓(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)淬(cui)(cui)(2%26times;10Pa)型階(jie)段(duan)。

結(jie)果真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳為(wei)真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳一淬(cui)(cui)火工藝曲線。在(zai)真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)中加熱(re)到滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳溫(wen)(wen)度并(bing)保溫(wen)(wen)使(shi)表面凈化、活(huo)化之后，通入(ru)稀薄(bo)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳富化氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(見(jian)控制氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)氛(fen)熱(re)處(chu)理(li))，在(zai)大約1330Pa(10T0rr)負(fu)壓(ya)下進(jin)行(xing)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)入(ru)，然后停(ting)(ting)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(降(jiang)壓(ya))進(jin)行(xing)擴散。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳后的精密鋼管淬(cui)(cui)火采用一次淬(cui)(cui)火法，即先停(ting)(ting)電，通氮冷(leng)卻工件至臨界點(dian)A，、以下，使(shi)內(nei)部發(fa)生相(xiang)變，再停(ting)(ting)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、開泵(beng)，升溫(wen)(wen)到Ac1，～Accm之間。淬(cui)(cui)冷(leng)方法可采用氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)或油冷(leng)。后者為(wei)奧氏體(ti)化后移入(ru)前室，充(chong)氮至常(chang)壓(ya)，入(ru)油。真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳的溫(wen)(wen)度一般高(gao)(gao)于普(pu)通氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳，常(chang)采用920～1040℃滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)入(ru)和擴散可按所示(shi)分兩階段(duan)，也(ye)可用脈沖式通氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、停(ting)(ting)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，多段(duan)式的滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)一擴相(xiang)間，效果更好。由于溫(wen)(wen)度高(gao)(gao)，尤其表面潔(jie)凈、有活(huo)性，真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳層形成速度比普(pu)通氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)、液體(ti)和固體(ti)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳快，如要求(qiu)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)層為(wei)1mm時，在(zai)927℃只需5h，而1033℃僅(jin)需1h。