【有源(yuan)器件(jian)(jian) 無源(yuan)器件(jian)(jian)】有源(yuan)器件(jian)(jian)和(he)無源(yuan)器件(jian)(jian)的區別(bie) 有源(yuan)器件(jian)(jian)的分類有哪些

有源器件和無源器件的區別

有源器件是指需要外加電源才可以工作的電子元件，它需(xu)要(yao)能量來(lai)(lai)實行(xing)它特定的(de)功能，有源(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)一般用來(lai)(lai)信(xin)號放大、變換等，有源(yuan)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)一般是(shi)指二極管(guan)、晶(jing)體管(guan)、場(chang)效應管(guan)。無(wu)源(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)主要(yao)指在(zai)不需(xu)要(yao)外加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)條件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)下，就可以(yi)顯示其特性的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。無(wu)源(yuan)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)主要(yao)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻類(lei)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)感類(lei)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)類(lei)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，它們的(de)共同特點是(shi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)無(wu)需(xu)加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)即可在(zai)有信(xin)號時工作。無(wu)源(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)是(shi)用來(lai)(lai)進行(xing)信(xin)號傳(chuan)輸，或(huo)者通(tong)過方(fang)向性進行(xing)“信(xin)號放大”的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。籠統的(de)說(shuo)有極性的(de)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)有源(yuan)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，無(wu)極性的(de)稱謂無(wu)源(yuan)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"橘子de殿堂"提供，版權聲明反饋

有源器件的分類有哪些

電子管

電子管又(you)名(ming)真(zhen)空管，所(suo)以又(you)稱為電真(zhen)空器件(jian)。

電子管不論二極還是多極，它都有陽極和陰極，陰極在外加電源的作用下，發射電子向陽極流動。外加電源可以直接加在陰極上，也可以加在另外的加熱燈絲上。就是因為這個外加電源的存在，而統稱為有源器件。電子管是最早的有源電子元件，分二極管、三極管與多極管。隨著電子技術的發展，電子管因其體積大(da)、重(zhong)量重(zhong)、耗電大(da)等(deng)等(deng)缺點(dian)，而先后讓(rang)位給晶體管(guan)和集成電路。但是，在許多場合電子管(guan)繼續發(fa)揮作用。例如：大(da)功率發(fa)射機的末級功率放大(da)；各類顯示器的顯示管(guan)；電視(shi)機的顯像管(guan)等(deng)。

晶體管

晶(jing)體(ti)管(guan)屬(shu)于半導(dao)體(ti)器件。導(dao)電能力介(jie)于導(dao)體(ti)與絕緣體(ti)之間(jian)的物質稱為半導(dao)體(ti)。如硅(gui)、鍺晶(jing)體(ti)都屬(shu)于半導(dao)體(ti)。所(suo)以用這些晶(jing)體(ti)材料做成的電子器件，稱為晶(jing)體(ti)管(guan)。它分(fen)晶(jing)體(ti)二(er)極(ji)管(guan)和晶(jing)體(ti)三極(ji)管(guan)。

晶體管晶體(ti)二(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)導體(ti)材(cai)料按導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)特(te)性可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為P型(xing)和N型(xing)兩(liang)種，這兩(liang)種半導體(ti)結(jie)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)介面稱為PN結(jie)。PN結(jie)是(shi)(shi)構成(cheng)各(ge)種半導體(ti)器件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎。P區為正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)，N區為負(fu)極(ji)(ji)。二(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單向(xiang)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性，是(shi)(shi)二(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)性：正(zheng)向(xiang)導通(tong)、反(fan)向(xiang)截止。二(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要用途是(shi)(shi)整流(liu)、檢(jian)波及需要單向(xiang)導通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。晶體(ti)三極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子線路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核(he)心元(yuan)件(jian)之(zhi)一，尤其是(shi)(shi)在(zai)最基(ji)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路放(fang)大(da)路中廣(guang)泛(fan)應用。晶體(ti)三極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)由兩(liang)個PN結(jie)組(zu)成(cheng)。兩(liang)個P型(xing)加一個N型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)叫PnP型(xing)；兩(liang)個N型(xing)加一個P型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)叫NpN型(xing)。晶體(ti)三級(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要參數(shu)(shu)是(shi)(shi)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)放(fang)大(da)倍(bei)數(shu)(shu)B，其大(da)小(xiao)范圍(wei)可(ke)(ke)從幾倍(bei)到幾百(bai)倍(bei)。晶體(ti)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)中還有兩(liang)種特(te)殊管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子，它們是(shi)(shi)晶閘管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和場效應管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，晶閘管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)原稱可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)硅。它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點是(shi)(shi)用小(xiao)信(xin)號(hao)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)大(da)信(xin)號(hao)，其大(da)小(xiao)可(ke)(ke)達幾百(bai)倍(bei)。最常(chang)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)硅整流(liu)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路保護。場效應管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)(shi)一種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)元(yuan)件(jian)，其輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)取決于輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)小(xiao)。其輸(shu)入(ru)阻抗很(hen)高，放(fang)大(da)失(shi)真小(xiao)，所以(yi)被廣(guang)泛(fan)應用于放(fang)大(da)和數(shu)(shu)字電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中。

集成電路

電(dian)路顧名(ming)思義是將有源器件(jian)和(he)無源器件(jian)及連接線(xian)等集中制造在一個很小(xiao)的(de)(de)硅(gui)片上，再經引線(xian)和(he)封裝(zhuang)，形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一個有預定功能的(de)(de)微型整(zheng)體(ti)。（符號為IC）。集成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路的(de)(de)優點是體(ti)積(ji)小(xiao)、壽命長、成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本低、可靠性高性能好。當(dang)前集成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路及大規模集成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)被廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)應用。