一、汽車啟動系統的組成

汽車點火開關

汽車點(dian)火(huo)開關可自由開啟或關閉(bi)點(dian)火(huo)線圈的(de)主要(yao)電(dian)路。鑰匙(chi)插進點(dian)火(huo)開關后，在每個擋位做瞬間停留大約(yue)1-2秒鐘，這(zhe)時(shi)能聽見電(dian)器設備通電(dian)的(de)聲音(yin)，然(ran)后再進入下一個擋位就可以了。

汽車啟動繼電器

起動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機工作(zuo)時，需要(yao)有(you)很大的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，而(er)汽車(che)起動(dong)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)就是來控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)。主要(yao)是通過(guo)控(kong)制(zhi)低壓(ya)線路的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流來控(kong)制(zhi)高壓(ya)線路的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流,起到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流開關的(de)作(zuo)用。啟(qi)動(dong)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)是啟(qi)動(dong)系統組成部(bu)件之一(yi),在汽車(che)上主要(yao)作(zuo)用為(wei)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流控(kong)制(zhi)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流方式啟(qi)動(dong)馬(ma)達轉動(dong),從而(er)帶動(dong)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機內部(bu)磁電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機轉子轉動(dong),給點(dian)(dian)(dian)火(huo)器(qi)輸入點(dian)(dian)(dian)火(huo)脈沖(chong)信(xin)號,使點(dian)(dian)(dian)火(huo)器(qi)產生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)火(huo)花,點(dian)(dian)(dian)燃(ran)汽缸內的(de)混合燃(ran)氣并(bing)做功(gong)。

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汽車啟動機

起動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)可以將蓄電池的(de)電能(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化(hua)為(wei)機(ji)(ji)械能(neng)，驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)飛輪旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)實現發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)起動(dong)(dong)。發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)在以自(zi)身動(dong)(dong)力運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)之(zhi)前，必(bi)須借助(zhu)外力旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)。發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)借助(zhu)外力由靜止狀態過渡到能(neng)自(zi)行運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)過程，稱為(wei)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)起動(dong)(dong)。

汽車蓄電池

汽車蓄(xu)電池是(shi)一種將化學能轉變成電能的裝置，屬于直流電源，它的作用有：

（1）啟動發動機(ji)時，給起(qi)動機(ji)提供強大(da)的起(qi)動電流（10A左右）。

（2）當發電(dian)機(ji)過載時(shi)，可(ke)以協助發電(dian)機(ji)向用(yong)電(dian)設備供電(dian)。

（3）當發動機處(chu)于怠速時，向用電設備供電。

（4）蓄電池(chi)還是一(yi)個大(da)容(rong)量電容(rong)器(qi)，可以保護(hu)汽車的用(yong)電器(qi)。

（5）當(dang)發電(dian)機端(duan)電(dian)壓高(gao)于鉛蓄電(dian)池的(de)電(dian)動勢時(shi)，將一部分電(dian)能轉變(bian)為化學能儲存起來，也就是(shi)進(jin)行充電(dian)。

汽車發電機

汽(qi)車(che)發(fa)電(dian)機是(shi)汽(qi)車(che)的主(zhu)要電(dian)源，其功用是(shi)在發(fa)動機正常運轉(zhuan)時，向所有用電(dian)設備（起動機除外(wai)）供(gong)電(dian)，同(tong)時向蓄電(dian)池充電(dian)。

汽車保險絲

汽(qi)(qi)車保(bao)險絲是電(dian)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)險絲的(de)一(yi)種，當電(dian)路(lu)(lu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)超過(guo)保(bao)險絲額定(ding)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)2倍時就會在幾(ji)秒(miao)內熔斷，起到電(dian)路(lu)(lu)保(bao)護(hu)的(de)作用。常用于汽(qi)(qi)車電(dian)路(lu)(lu)過(guo)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)護(hu)，也用于工業設備的(de)過(guo)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)護(hu)。

二、汽車啟動系統故障維修

原因

原因(yin)一：蓄電池供電系統(tong)有問題

如蓄電(dian)池電(dian)量不足、汽小伙(huo)伴(ban)電(dian)源保險(xian)或繼電(dian)器損壞、起(qi)動機(ji)電(dian)纜和蓄電(dian)池接(jie)線柱(zhu)松(song)動或是接(jie)線柱(zhu)氧化。

原因二：起(qi)動繼電器故障問題(ti)

如起(qi)(qi)動繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)感線圈(quan)短路(lu)、起(qi)(qi)動繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)感線圈(quan)斷路(lu)或搭鐵(tie)、起(qi)(qi)動繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)動觸(chu)點(dian)(dian)或靜觸(chu)點(dian)(dian)燒蝕、起(qi)(qi)動繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)鐵(tie)芯(xin)與觸(chu)點(dian)(dian)臂間隙過大(da)等。

原因三(san)：起動機故障問題

如起動(dong)機直流電(dian)動(dong)機故障(zhang)(zhang)問題、傳動(dong)機構故障(zhang)(zhang)問題、調節(jie)裝置故障(zhang)(zhang)問題等。

原(yuan)因(yin)四：起動開(kai)關故障問題

汽車(che)起動(dong)擋失靈。

檢測方法

檢(jian)測(ce)方(fang)法一：檢(jian)測(ce)蓄電池(chi)

當有(you)喇叭(ba)不響、儀表燈(deng)(deng)暗淡、電動車窗升降(jiang)慢(man)、汽車前大燈(deng)(deng)昏暗、防起(qi)動指示燈(deng)(deng)閃爍（有(you)些車型）等狀(zhuang)況時(shi)，檢測蓄(xu)電池(chi)接(jie)線柱(zhu)是不是氧化或連接(jie)不良、蓄(xu)電池(chi)接(jie)地不良、測量(liang)起(qi)動機的起(qi)動電壓(ya)應該是大于9.6V。

檢測方法二：檢測起動機

將(jiang)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)上(shang)接(jie)(jie)電纜線的(de)主接(jie)(jie)線桿(gan)與起(qi)動(dong)(dong)接(jie)(jie)線柱(zhu)短接(jie)(jie)，若起(qi)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)不可以工作，說明起(qi)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)電磁開關等有(you)故障問題，需拆下起(qi)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)進(jin)行檢(jian)修。

檢測(ce)方(fang)法(fa)三：檢測(ce)點(dian)火開(kai)關和點(dian)火開(kai)關有關線(xian)路。

檢測(ce)方(fang)法(fa)四：檢測(ce)汽(qi)車起動(dong)繼電(dian)器和起動(dong)保險(xian)，用這個判斷故障問(wen)題地方(fang)位(wei)置。