汽車制動器是什么

汽車制動器是指產生阻礙車輛(liang)運動(dong)或運動(dong)趨(qu)勢的力（制(zhi)動(dong)力）的部件，其中也包括輔助制(zhi)動(dong)系(xi)統中的緩速(su)裝置。

汽車制動器有哪幾種

汽車(che)(che)制(zhi)動(dong)器簡單(dan)的說就(jiu)是汽車(che)(che)的制(zhi)動(dong)裝置，汽車(che)(che)所用(yong)的制(zhi)動(dong)器幾乎都是摩擦式(shi)的，主要可分為鼓式(shi)和盤式(shi)兩大類。

1、盤式制動器

盤式制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器又稱為碟式制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器，顧(gu)名思(si)義(yi)是取其形狀(zhuang)而得名。它由(you)液(ye)壓(ya)控制(zhi)主要(yao)零部件有(you)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)盤、分(fen)泵以及制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)鉗和油管等(deng)，制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)盤用合金鋼制(zhi)造并固定在車輪上(shang)隨車輪轉動(dong)(dong)。分(fen)泵固定在制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器的(de)(de)底板上(shang)固定不動(dong)(dong)。制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)鉗上(shang)的(de)(de)兩個(ge)摩擦片分(fen)別(bie)裝(zhuang)在制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)盤的(de)(de)兩側。分(fen)泵的(de)(de)活(huo)塞受(shou)油管輸(shu)送來的(de)(de)液(ye)壓(ya)作用，推動(dong)(dong)摩擦片壓(ya)向制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)盤發生摩擦制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)，動(dong)(dong)作起來就好(hao)象用鉗子鉗住旋轉中的(de)(de)盤子迫使它停下(xia)來一樣(yang)。

這種制動(dong)(dong)器(qi)散熱快重(zhong)量輕，構造(zao)簡單調整方便(bian)。特別是高負載時耐高溫(wen)性能好，制動(dong)(dong)效果穩(wen)定而(er)且不怕泥水(shui)侵襲，在(zai)冬(dong)季和惡劣路況(kuang)下行車盤式制動(dong)(dong)比鼓式制動(dong)(dong)更容易(yi)在(zai)較(jiao)短(duan)的(de)時間內令車停下。

2、鼓式制動器

鼓式制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)是最(zui)早(zao)形式的(de)汽車制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)，當(dang)盤(pan)(pan)式制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)還(huan)沒有出現前它已(yi)經(jing)(jing)廣(guang)泛用(yong)于(yu)(yu)各類汽車上。但由于(yu)(yu)結(jie)構(gou)問題(ti)使它在制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)過程中散熱性(xing)能差(cha)(cha)和排水性(xing)能差(cha)(cha)，容(rong)易導致制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)效(xiao)率(lv)下降，因此在近三十年(nian)中在轎車領域(yu)上已(yi)經(jing)(jing)逐(zhu)步退(tui)出讓位(wei)給盤(pan)(pan)式制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)。但由于(yu)(yu)成本比較低所以仍然在一些經(jing)(jing)濟類轎車中使用(yong)，主要用(yong)于(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)負荷比較小(xiao)的(de)后輪和駐(zhu)車制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)。

鼓(gu)(gu)式制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器一(yi)(yi)般用(yong)于后輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)。典型的(de)(de)(de)鼓(gu)(gu)式制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器主要由底(di)板、制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)鼓(gu)(gu)、制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)蹄(ti)(ti)、輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)缸（制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)分泵）以及(ji)回位彈(dan)(dan)簧和(he)定(ding)(ding)位銷等零部(bu)件組成。底(di)板安裝(zhuang)在車(che)軸的(de)(de)(de)固定(ding)(ding)位置上(shang)是固定(ding)(ding)不動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)，上(shang)面裝(zhuang)有(you)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)蹄(ti)(ti)、輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)缸、回位彈(dan)(dan)簧和(he)定(ding)(ding)位銷，承受制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時的(de)(de)(de)旋(xuan)轉扭(niu)力。每(mei)一(yi)(yi)個鼓(gu)(gu)有(you)一(yi)(yi)對(dui)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)蹄(ti)(ti)，制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)蹄(ti)(ti)上(shang)有(you)摩擦襯片。制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)鼓(gu)(gu)則(ze)是安裝(zhuang)在輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)轂(gu)上(shang)，是隨車(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)一(yi)(yi)起(qi)旋(xuan)轉的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)件，它是由一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)份(fen)量的(de)(de)(de)鑄鐵(tie)做(zuo)成，形狀似園鼓(gu)(gu)狀。當(dang)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)缸活塞推動(dong)(dong)(dong)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)蹄(ti)(ti)壓迫制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)鼓(gu)(gu)，制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)鼓(gu)(gu)受到摩擦減(jian)速迫使車(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)停止轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)。

汽車制動器故障怎么辦

如果車主正在駕駛中，那么千萬不要慌張，盡量把車速降下來，然后盡快靠邊選擇安全位置停靠，對汽車進行檢查。第一檢查剎車油是否缺少，如果有缺少注意是否有地方漏油；第二檢查剎車片磨損程度。