一、天然紅寶石和合成紅寶石的區別是什么
紅寶石是指顏色呈紅色的剛玉,它是剛玉的一種,主要有天然紅寶石和人工合成的紅寶石兩種,天然紅寶石非常稀(xi)少(shao),因此很珍貴,但是人工紅(hong)寶(bao)石合成并不難,主要有(you)焰(yan)熔(rong)法、助熔(rong)劑法、水熱法三種合成方法,天然紅(hong)寶(bao)石與合成紅(hong)寶(bao)石的區(qu)別主要有(you):
1、生長紋及色帶不同
天然紅(hong)(hong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)石(shi)(shi)多具色(se)(se)帶(dai)(dai)及(ji)色(se)(se)點(dian),色(se)(se)帶(dai)(dai)平(ping)直(zhi)(zhi),生(sheng)長紋(wen)平(ping)直(zhi)(zhi)、呈六邊形;焰熔法(fa)合成(cheng)(cheng)紅(hong)(hong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)石(shi)(shi)是弧(hu)形生(sheng)長紋(wen),對小粒寶(bao)(bao)(bao)石(shi)(shi)而言,近(jin)于平(ping)直(zhi)(zhi);助熔劑法(fa)合成(cheng)(cheng)紅(hong)(hong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)石(shi)(shi)具平(ping)直(zhi)(zhi)色(se)(se)帶(dai)(dai)及(ji)生(sheng)長紋(wen);水熱法(fa)合成(cheng)(cheng)紅(hong)(hong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)石(shi)(shi)有六邊形生(sheng)長色(se)(se)帶(dai)(dai)。
2、熒光性不同
天然紅(hong)(hong)(hong)寶石因(yin)產地不同,熒光(guang)性有(you)所不同,一般呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)淺(qian)-中(zhong)等紅(hong)(hong)(hong)色(se);焰熔法合成(cheng)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)寶石短(duan)(duan)波紫(zi)外下(xia)呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)強(qiang)橙紅(hong)(hong)(hong)熒光(guang);助熔劑法合成(cheng)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)寶石短(duan)(duan)波紫(zi)外下(xia)呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)黃綠色(se)熒光(guang)或中(zhong)-強(qiang)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)熒光(guang);水熱法合成(cheng)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)寶石短(duan)(duan)波紫(zi)外下(xia)呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)-強(qiang)熒光(guang)。
3、包裹體不同
天然(ran)紅(hong)(hong)寶(bao)石(shi)有晶體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)包(bao)裹(guo)(guo)(guo)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)、熔體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及氣(qi)(qi)液包(bao)裹(guo)(guo)(guo)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)、指紋狀(zhuang)包(bao)裹(guo)(guo)(guo)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti);焰熔法合(he)(he)成(cheng)紅(hong)(hong)寶(bao)石(shi)包(bao)裹(guo)(guo)(guo)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)為(wei)氣(qi)(qi)泡殘(can)留不熔物;助熔劑(ji)法合(he)(he)成(cheng)紅(hong)(hong)寶(bao)石(shi)的包(bao)裹(guo)(guo)(guo)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)是羽狀(zhuang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)、熔劑(ji)小滴(di)、針狀(zhuang)包(bao)裹(guo)(guo)(guo)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)等;水熱(re)法合(he)(he)成(cheng)紅(hong)(hong)寶(bao)石(shi)的包(bao)裹(guo)(guo)(guo)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)是熔體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)包(bao)裹(guo)(guo)(guo)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)、氣(qi)(qi)液包(bao)裹(guo)(guo)(guo)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)、云羽狀(zhuang)包(bao)裹(guo)(guo)(guo)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。
二、天然紅寶石與人工紅寶石鑒別方法
天然(ran)紅寶(bao)(bao)石(shi)(shi)是各種(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)石(shi)(shi)當中比(bi)較名(ming)貴的(de)一種(zhong),但(dan)一些(xie)不法商販可能使用人工合成(cheng)的(de)紅寶(bao)(bao)石(shi)(shi)來冒充天然(ran)紅寶(bao)(bao)石(shi)(shi),消費(fei)者可以通過以下方法進行鑒別和區分:
1、看顏色
天然紅(hong)(hong)寶(bao)石雖然從整(zheng)體上(shang)看是以紅(hong)(hong)色為主色調,但是顏(yan)色深淺交(jiao)替,而且(qie)交(jiao)接處十分(fen)自然;人工合(he)成的(de)紅(hong)(hong)寶(bao)石顏(yan)色比較單一(yi),看不出(chu)深淺上(shang)的(de)差異,也沒(mei)有(you)層(ceng)次分(fen)明(ming)的(de)感覺。
2、摸手感
天然紅寶石(shi)表面(mian)(mian)有一種(zhong)冰潤(run)、溫涼的(de)感(gan)(gan)覺(jue),即使在(zai)夏季(ji)把天然紅寶石(shi)放在(zai)手心(xin)當中,也會感(gan)(gan)受到(dao)一種(zhong)冰潤(run)之感(gan)(gan);人工合成(cheng)的(de)紅寶石(shi)表面(mian)(mian)則(ze)有一種(zhong)溫熱的(de)感(gan)(gan)覺(jue),尤其是夏季(ji)感(gan)(gan)覺(jue)更(geng)名i西安。
3、試硬度
天(tian)然紅(hong)寶(bao)石(shi)的硬度比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao),可(ke)達9.0左右,人工合成的紅(hong)寶(bao)石(shi)硬度遠遠達不(bu)(bu)到這一(yi)級別。可(ke)以通過用一(yi)些比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)尖銳的物(wu)體在寶(bao)石(shi)的表面用力(li)劃一(yi)下,看(kan)表面是否會留下劃痕。天(tian)然紅(hong)寶(bao)石(shi)的表面幾乎不(bu)(bu)會留下任何劃痕。而人工合成的紅(hong)寶(bao)石(shi)則(ze)容易出現劃痕。
4、看棱角
人(ren)造(zao)紅寶石(shi)的(de)(de)表面棱角十分鮮明,用手摸(mo)一(yi)下,會(hui)有一(yi)種(zhong)硌(luo)手的(de)(de)感覺。而天然(ran)紅寶石(shi)的(de)(de)棱角則是自然(ran)形成的(de)(de),表面光滑(hua)。用手沿著棱角的(de)(de)邊緣(yuan)撫摸(mo)一(yi)下,會(hui)有一(yi)種(zhong)順滑(hua)的(de)(de)感覺。
5、看內部
有些人工合成的紅寶石內部會有一些明顯的黑色斑點。而天然紅寶石內部可能(neng)會有自(zi)然(ran)(ran)形成的(de)(de)銹斑,大多(duo)都是白(bai)色的(de)(de)銹斑。另(ling)外,生長(chang)(chang)(chang)紋方面,天(tian)然(ran)(ran)紅(hong)(hong)寶(bao)石(shi)的(de)(de)生長(chang)(chang)(chang)紋都是直(zhi)線(xian)(xian),而且天(tian)然(ran)(ran)紅(hong)(hong)寶(bao)石(shi)的(de)(de)生長(chang)(chang)(chang)紋與(yu)寶(bao)石(shi)的(de)(de)晶面垂直(zhi)。與(yu)天(tian)然(ran)(ran)紅(hong)(hong)寶(bao)石(shi)相比,人工合成的(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)寶(bao)石(shi)生長(chang)(chang)(chang)線(xian)(xian)比較彎曲(qu),因為(wei)人工合成的(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)寶(bao)石(shi)生長(chang)(chang)(chang)線(xian)(xian)是倒(dao)梨型(xing)生長(chang)(chang)(chang)狀態。