一、旋挖鉆機是干什么用的
旋挖鉆機又稱旋挖機、打樁機。旋(xuan)(xuan)挖鉆(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)是一種適合建筑(zhu)基(ji)礎(chu)工程中成(cheng)孔作業的施工機(ji)械。廣泛應用(yong)于(yu)市政(zheng)建設(she)、公路橋梁、高(gao)層(ceng)(ceng)建筑(zhu)等地基(ji)礎(chu)施工工程,配合不同(tong)鉆(zhan)(zhan)具,適用(yong)于(yu)干式(shi)(短螺旋(xuan)(xuan)),濕式(shi)(回轉斗(dou))及巖層(ceng)(ceng)(巖心鉆(zhan)(zhan))的成(cheng)孔作業。
旋挖鉆機主要適用于砂土、粘性土、粉性土等土層施工,在灌注樁、連續墻、基礎加固等多種地基基礎施工廣泛應用。旋挖鉆機的(de)額定(ding)功率一般為(wei)(wei)125~450kW,動力(li)輸(shu)出扭矩為(wei)(wei)120~400kN·m,最(zui)大成孔直(zhi)徑可(ke)達(da)1.5~4m,最(zui)大成孔深度為60~90m,可(ke)以滿足(zu)各(ge)類大型基礎施(shi)工的要求(qiu)。
旋挖鉆(zhan)機(ji)具有(you)裝機(ji)功(gong)率大、輸出扭矩大、軸向(xiang)壓(ya)力大、機(ji)動靈活、施工效(xiao)率高及多(duo)功(gong)能等特點,目前已被廣泛應用(yong)于各種(zhong)鉆(zhan)孔灌(guan)注樁工程。
二、沖擊鉆機是干什么用的
沖擊鉆機是一種利用鉆頭的沖擊力對巖層沖鑿鉆孔的機械,它能適應各種不同地質情況,特別是卵石層中鉆孔,較之其它型式鉆機適應性強。沖擊鉆(zhan)機工作原理是(shi)一種以垂(chui)直往(wang)復(fu)運動依靠(kao)沖擊力進行鉆(zhan)孔的(de)工程(cheng)鉆(zhan)機設(she)備(bei),其(qi)工作原理類似(si)于鑿(zao)巖的(de)錘(chui)子。都是(shi)靠(kao)沖擊力進行鉆(zhan)孔作業。
沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)分為全液壓(ya)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)與氣動沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji),都是(shi)針對巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)進行(xing)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔作(zuo)業(ye)的機(ji)械設備(bei)。沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)與切削鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)相區別,沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)是(shi)針對普氏硬(ying)度7級以(yi)上巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔,例如石(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)、花崗石(shi)、硬(ying)質(zhi)砂(sha)巖(yan)(yan)等(deng)。沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)利用沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)器(液壓(ya)或氣動)每分鐘高(gao)效率的沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)頻(pin)率將(jiang)(jiang)巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)打碎(sui),同時旋轉將(jiang)(jiang)石(shi)頭磨成粉(fen)末狀(zhuang),再(zai)利用氣或者水將(jiang)(jiang)灰(hui)排(pai)出,達到鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔效果,通常用于土(tu)石(shi)方工程、礦山開采、隧道鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔等(deng)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔作(zuo)業(ye)。
三、旋挖鉆機和沖擊鉆機的區別
1、旋挖鉆機
施工(gong)工(gong)藝:旋挖鉆(zhan)機通過調(diao)整鉆(zhan)桿,配合(he)鉆(zhan)頭旋轉切入土(tu)(tu)層,然后(hou)鉆(zhan)筒將土(tu)(tu)提上來,最后(hou)成(cheng)孔(kong)。
適用范圍:
(1)適合各(ge)種土層、沙(sha)層、卵石層等(deng),具有成孔速(su)度快,移(yi)動方便,而且(qie)最(zui)環境污染小,噪(zao)音低(di)等(deng)特點。
(2)對巖層的(de)施(shi)工(gong)難(nan)度(du)(du)比較大,而(er)且受(shou)到鉆桿長度(du)(du)的(de)限制(zhi),樁長和樁徑都會受(shou)到較大的(de)限制(zhi)。
2、沖擊鉆機
施工(gong)工(gong)藝:利用卷揚機(ji)在沖樁上懸掛沖擊錘,通過沖擊錘的自重沖擊成(cheng)孔,泥漿護壁。
適用范圍:適合各種(zhong)土層(ceng)和(he)巖(yan)層(ceng)的施(shi)工(gong),其中在巖(yan)層(ceng)施(shi)工(gong)的優(you)勢很大,但(dan)需要設置泥漿池(chi)和(he)沉淀池(chi),成孔(kong)(kong)的速度一般,容(rong)易偏(pian)孔(kong)(kong)和(he)掉錘,對(dui)于大孔(kong)(kong)徑施(shi)工(gong),要分(fen)級進行(xing)擴(kuo)孔(kong)(kong),沖擊振(zhen)動(dong)受到干擾比較大。