一、礦用車輛的類型有幾種
礦用(yong)車(che),屬非公路用(yong)車(che),主要用(yong)于礦山(shan),工程方面,比一般載(zai)重(zhong)車(che)更耐(nai)用(yong),載(zai)重(zhong)也更多(duo),礦用(yong)車(che)輛(liang)根據卸物方式的(de)不同有(you)以下(xia)種(zhong)類:
1、固定車廂式(shi)礦車。
1、底(di)卸式礦車。
2、側卸式礦(kuang)車。
二、礦用車輛的主要結構有哪些
1、車架
車架為(wei)礦(kuang)用(yong)(yong)車輛專用(yong)(yong)結構,均(jun)為(wei)全焊接結構,其縱梁采用(yong)(yong)封閉式箱(xiang)形截(jie)面,以保證具有高(gao)的抗扭強度(du),所(suo)用(yong)(yong)厚鋼板均(jun)為(wei)低合金、高(gao)強度(du)鋼板。
2、車廂
3、車廂也為全焊(han)接結構(gou),鏟斗型(xing)地板(ban)(ban)后部翹起,一(yi)般(ban)坡(po)角為12度,無后攔板(ban)(ban),底板(ban)(ban)由高強度、高硬度、抗沖擊(ji)的優(you)質鋼板(ban)(ban)焊(han)接而成(cheng)以適應非公路惡劣(lie)工礦的運輸和工程(cheng)工地上(shang)粗(cu)暴(bao)的石(shi)料裝載方式,并(bing)保證(zheng)其(qi)使(shi)用壽命一(yi)般(ban)達到10年(nian)以上(shang)。
3、懸架
礦用自卸(xie)車大多(duo)采(cai)用油氣(qi)懸(xuan)(xuan)架(jia),特(te)別(bie)是載(zai)重量45噸(dun)以上(shang)的(de)車幾乎無例外(wai)(wai)。這種短(duan)軸距和質量又(you)特(te)別(bie)大的(de)車型最適(shi)宜安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)使用油氣(qi)懸(xuan)(xuan)架(jia),它沒有相應的(de)空間來(lai)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)傳統(tong)的(de)鋼板彈簧減震(zhen)。其前(qian)輪(lun)的(de)油氣(qi)彈簧缸(gang)還(huan)兼有轉向主銷的(de)作用,外(wai)(wai)缸(gang)筒又(you)緊固在車架(jia)縱梁外(wai)(wai)側,因此(ci)又(you)省去(qu)了傳統(tong)的(de)整體式(shi)前(qian)軸。
4、轉向
由于整車質量大,前軸負荷也(ye)大,因此,前輪的(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)完全(quan)(quan)依靠液(ye)壓動力。為保證(zheng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)安全(quan)(quan)可(ke)靠,這類車不(bu)僅采用全(quan)(quan)液(ye)壓轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang),而且都配(pei)備緊(jin)急轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)系統(tong),當轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)系統(tong)動力發生故障(zhang)時,緊(jin)急轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)系統(tong)能(neng)保證(zheng)其還有一(yi)定的(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)能(neng)力,使車停到一(yi)個比較安全(quan)(quan)的(de)地方。
5、制動
礦區多坡,車(che)(che)輛載質量(liang)又特別大(da),因此,制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系統功能(neng)(neng)(neng)的可靠性同(tong)樣需要首先保證。除了自(zi)卸(xie)車(che)(che)的主制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)以外(wai),還裝備(bei)了輔(fu)助(zhu)緩速(su)(su)(su)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力:發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)排(pai)氣制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、液力緩速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)或電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪轉(zhuan)變為發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)的電(dian)緩速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)設計先進(jin),制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)開始時,發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)排(pai)氣制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)先投入(ru)工(gong)作,而后液力緩速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)或電(dian)緩速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)共同(tong)加入(ru)緩速(su)(su)(su)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)。最(zui)后車(che)(che)輪主制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)又投入(ru)工(gong)作從而使(shi)主制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)使(shi)用頻率大(da)大(da)減少,經常處于最(zui)好狀態(tai),制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)蹄片使(shi)用壽(shou)命得以延長。
6、輪胎
這類車(che)輪胎的胎面花紋和(he)結(jie)構都與(yu)公路(lu)用車(che)不同,屬(shu)于工程輪胎,以很好地適應復雜路(lu)面的使用要求。