一、氧化鋅避雷器的工作原理是什么
避(bi)雷(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是應用(yong)(yong)很(hen)廣泛的過(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)壓限制器(qi)(qi)(qi),它實質是過(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)壓能(neng)量的吸收器(qi)(qi)(qi),它與被保護(hu)(hu)設備并聯運行,當作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)壓超過(guo)(guo)(guo)一定(ding)幅值后(hou)避(bi)雷(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)總是先動作(zuo)(zuo),通過(guo)(guo)(guo)它自身泄放(fang)掉(diao)大(da)量的能(neng)量,限制過(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)壓,保護(hu)(hu)電(dian)氣設備。氧化鋅(xin)避(bi)雷(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是具(ju)有良好保護(hu)(hu)性能(neng)的避(bi)雷(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi),利用(yong)(yong)氧化鋅(xin)良好的非線(xian)性伏安(an)特性,利用(yong)(yong)氧化鋅(xin)的非線(xian)性起到(dao)泄流和開斷的作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong),它的工作(zuo)(zuo)原(yuan)理是如何呢?
氧化鋅避雷器是以氧化鋅閥片組裝成的(de)(de)(de),氧化鋅閥片具有較好的(de)(de)(de)非線(xian)性伏(fu)安特(te)性,在(zai)正(zheng)常工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)下,具有極(ji)高的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻,呈絕(jue)緣狀(zhuang)態,在(zai)雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)作(zuo)用下,則呈現低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻狀(zhuang)態,泄(xie)放雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流,使(shi)與避雷器并聯的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)殘壓(ya)(ya)被抑(yi)制在(zai)設備(bei)絕(jue)緣安全值以下,待有害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)消失后,閥片又迅速恢復(fu)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻,呈絕(jue)緣狀(zhuang)態,從而起到(dao)保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備(bei)絕(jue)緣免受過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)損害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。
二、氧化鋅避雷器的優點有哪些
氧化鋅(xin)避雷(lei)器不同于傳統的瓷式避雷(lei)器,它具有以下優(you)點:
1、非線性系統很小,故具有較好的非線性伏安特性。氧(yang)化鋅(xin)避(bi)雷(lei)器在正常的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)下,具有(you)極大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu),而呈現絕(jue)緣狀(zhuang)態。在雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用下,則(ze)呈現低電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)狀(zhuang)態。泄放雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流,使與避(bi)雷(lei)器并聯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘(can)壓(ya)(ya)被限(xian)制在設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全值以(yi)下,待有(you)害的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)消失后(hou),避(bi)雷(lei)器便迅速的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)恢復高電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu),呈現出絕(jue)緣狀(zhuang)態,從而有(you)效地保(bao)護(hu)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣免受過電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損害。
2、結構簡單,無間隙,體積小,重量輕。可以省去串聯的火(huo)花間(jian)(jian)隙,成為無間(jian)(jian)隙避(bi)雷器,由于無間(jian)(jian)隙,在(zai)陡波頭沖擊放電電壓作用下(xia),殘(can)壓值升高(gao)也(ye)較小,可使電力設備的絕緣(yuan)水平降低,這對于超高(gao)壓系統經濟意義(yi)重大。
3、動作響應快,保護性能好,氧化(hua)鋅避雷器放電(dian)沒有(you)時延,一旦作用電(dian)壓(ya)開(kai)始升高,閥片立即開(kai)始吸收過電(dian)壓(ya)的能量,抵制過電(dian)壓(ya)的發展。
4、通流容量大,氧化鋅避(bi)雷器的(de)(de)通(tong)流(liu)能力完(wan)(wan)全不受(shou)串聯間隙被(bei)灼(zhuo)傷的(de)(de)制約,完(wan)(wan)全可(ke)以(yi)用來(lai)限制操作過電壓,也可(ke)以(yi)耐受(shou)一定持續時間的(de)(de)工(gong)頻過電壓。
5、無續流,能(neng)耐受多重雷電過電壓(ya)或操作(zuo)過電壓(ya)。
6、耐污穢性能好。