一、電抗器的和電容器的區別在哪里

1、構造不同

（1）電(dian)抗器也叫電(dian)感器，一個導體通電(dian)時(shi)就會在其所(suo)占據的(de)一定(ding)空間范圍產生磁(ci)場，所(suo)以所(suo)有(you)能載流的(de)電(dian)導體都有(you)一般意義上的(de)感性。

（2）兩個相互靠近(jin)的(de)導體，中間夾一層不(bu)導電的(de)絕緣介(jie)質，就構(gou)成了(le)電容器。

2、作用功能不同

（1）電抗器是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感性負載，有(you)串聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)和并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)之分(fen)，串聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)主(zhu)要(yao)用于限制短(duan)路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)主(zhu)要(yao)用于超高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)遠距離輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，補償線路(lu)(lu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統中所采(cai)取的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)常見的(de)有(you)串聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)和并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)，串聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)用來(lai)限制短(duan)路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，也有(you)在濾波器(qi)(qi)中與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)串聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)或(huo)并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)用來(lai)限制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網中的(de)高(gao)(gao)次諧波。

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（2）電(dian)容(rong)器是容(rong)性負載，主要用于補償無功和儲能(neng)，在(zai)直流電(dian)路(lu)中，電(dian)容(rong)器是相當于斷路(lu)的。電(dian)容(rong)器是一種能(neng)夠儲藏電(dian)荷的元(yuan)件(jian)，也是最(zui)常用的電(dian)子(zi)元(yuan)件(jian)之一。

二、電抗器的作用及原理是什么

1、電抗器的作用

（1）輕空載或輕負荷線路(lu)上的電(dian)容效(xiao)應(ying)，以降低工頻暫(zan)態過電(dian)壓。

（2）使(shi)輕(qing)負荷(he)時(shi)(shi)線(xian)路中的無(wu)功(gong)功(gong)率盡可(ke)能就地(di)平衡，防止無(wu)功(gong)功(gong)率不(bu)合理流動同時(shi)(shi)也減輕(qing)了線(xian)路上的功(gong)率損(sun)失(shi)。

（3）在(zai)大機(ji)組與系統并列時降低高壓(ya)母線上工頻(pin)穩態電壓(ya)，便于發電機(ji)同期并列。

（4）防止發電機帶長線(xian)路可能出現(xian)(xian)的自勵磁諧振現(xian)(xian)象。

（5）當采用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)中性點經小電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗接地(di)裝置時(shi)，還可用(yong)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)補償線路相間及(ji)相地(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容，以加(jia)速潛(qian)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)流自動(dong)熄滅(mie)，便于采用(yong)。

2、電抗器的工作原理

一個導(dao)體(ti)通電時就會在其(qi)所(suo)占據的(de)一定空(kong)間范圍產(chan)生磁場，所(suo)以所(suo)有能載流(liu)的(de)電導(dao)體(ti)都有一般意義上的(de)感性(xing)。