板(ban)(ban)材(cai)按材(cai)質分(fen)類(lei)可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為實木板(ban)(ban)、人(ren)造板(ban)(ban)兩大類(lei);按成型分(fen)類(lei)可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為實心(xin)板(ban)(ban)、夾板(ban)(ban)、纖維板(ban)(ban)、裝(zhuang)飾面板(ban)(ban)、防火板(ban)(ban)等(deng)等(deng)。
顧名思義,實木板(ban)(ban)(ban)就是采用(yong)(yong)完整(zheng)的(de)木材(cai)(cai)制成的(de)木板(ban)(ban)(ban)材(cai)(cai)。這(zhe)些(xie)板(ban)(ban)(ban)材(cai)(cai)堅固耐用(yong)(yong)、紋路(lu)自(zi)然,是裝修中(zhong)優中(zhong)之(zhi)選。但由于(yu)此類(lei)板(ban)(ban)(ban)材(cai)(cai)造價高,而(er)(er)且施工(gong)工(gong)藝要(yao)求高,在裝修中(zhong)使用(yong)(yong)反而(er)(er)并不多。實木板(ban)(ban)(ban)一般按照板(ban)(ban)(ban)材(cai)(cai)實質名稱分類(lei),沒有統一的(de)標(biao)準規格(ge)。目前(qian)除了地板(ban)(ban)(ban)和門扇會使用(yong)(yong)實木板(ban)(ban)(ban)外,一般我們(men)所使用(yong)(yong)的(de)板(ban)(ban)(ban)材(cai)(cai)都是人工(gong)加工(gong)出來的(de)人造板(ban)(ban)(ban)。
夾(jia)板(ban)(ban),也稱膠合板(ban)(ban)、行內俗稱細芯(xin)板(ban)(ban)。由三層(ceng)或(huo)多層(ceng)一毫米厚的單板(ban)(ban)或(huo)薄板(ban)(ban)膠貼熱(re)壓制(zhi)而成。是目前手工制(zhi)作家(jia)具最為常用的材料。夾(jia)板(ban)(ban)一般分為3厘(li)板(ban)(ban)、5厘(li)板(ban)(ban)、9厘(li)板(ban)(ban)、12厘(li)板(ban)(ban)、15厘(li)板(ban)(ban)和18厘(li)板(ban)(ban)六(liu)種規格(ge)(1厘(li)即為1mm)。
裝飾(shi)面(mian)板(ban),俗(su)稱面(mian)板(ban)。是(shi)將實木板(ban)精(jing)密刨切成厚度為0.2mm左(zuo)右(you)的(de)微薄木皮,以夾板(ban)為基材(cai),經過膠粘工藝制做而成的(de)具有單面(mian)裝飾(shi)作用的(de)裝飾(shi)板(ban)材(cai)。它是(shi)夾板(ban)存(cun)在的(de)特殊方式(shi),厚度為3厘。
細木(mu)工(gong)板(ban),俗稱大(da)芯(xin)板(ban)。大(da)芯(xin)板(ban)是由(you)兩片(pian)單(dan)板(ban)中間粘壓拼接木(mu)板(ban)而成(cheng)。大(da)芯(xin)板(ban)的價格(ge)比細芯(xin)板(ban)要(yao)便宜(yi),其豎向(以芯(xin)材(cai)走(zou)向區分)抗(kang)彎壓強(qiang)(qiang)度差,但橫向抗(kang)彎壓強(qiang)(qiang)度較(jiao)高。
刨花(hua)板是用木(mu)材碎料(liao)為(wei)主要(yao)原(yuan)料(liao),再滲加膠水,添加劑經壓(ya)制(zhi)而成的薄型板材。按壓(ya)制(zhi)方法(fa)可分為(wei)擠(ji)壓(ya)刨花(hua)板、平壓(ya)刨花(hua)板二(er)類(lei)。此類(lei)板材主要(yao)優(you)點是價格(ge)極其便宜。其缺(que)點也很明顯:強度(du)極差。一般不適宜制(zhi)作較大型或(huo)者(zhe)有力學要(yao)求的家私(si)。
密(mi)(mi)(mi)度板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),也稱纖(xian)維板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。是以木質(zhi)(zhi)纖(xian)維或(huo)(huo)其(qi)他植(zhi)物纖(xian)維為原料(liao),施(shi)加(jia)脲(niao)醛(quan)樹脂或(huo)(huo)其(qi)他適用的(de)(de)膠粘劑制(zhi)成的(de)(de)人造板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)材(cai),按其(qi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)度的(de)(de)不同,分為高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)度板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、中密(mi)(mi)(mi)度板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、低密(mi)(mi)(mi)度板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。密(mi)(mi)(mi)度板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)由于質(zhi)(zhi)軟耐沖擊,也容易(yi)再加(jia)工。在(zai)國外,密(mi)(mi)(mi)度板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)是制(zhi)作家(jia)私的(de)(de)一種良好材(cai)料(liao),但由于國家(jia)關于高(gao)度板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)比國際的(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)低數倍,所以,密(mi)(mi)(mi)度板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)在(zai)我(wo)國的(de)(de)使用質(zhi)(zhi)量還有待提高(gao)。
防火(huo)(huo)板(ban)(ban)是采(cai)用(yong)(yong)硅質材料(liao)或鈣質材料(liao)為主要(yao)原料(liao),與一(yi)定比(bi)(bi)例的(de)(de)纖(xian)維材料(liao)、輕(qing)質骨料(liao)、黏合劑(ji)和化學(xue)添加(jia)劑(ji)混合,經(jing)蒸壓技(ji)術(shu)制成的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)飾板(ban)(ban)材。是目前越(yue)來越(yue)多使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)一(yi)種新型材料(liao),其使用(yong)(yong)不(bu)僅僅是因為防火(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)因素。防火(huo)(huo)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)施工(gong)對于(yu)粘貼膠水的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)比(bi)(bi)較高(gao),質量較好(hao)的(de)(de)防火(huo)(huo)板(ban)(ban)價格比(bi)(bi)裝(zhuang)飾面板(ban)(ban)也要(yao)貴。防火(huo)(huo)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)厚(hou)度一(yi)般為0.8mm、1mm和1.2mm。
三(san)聚(ju)(ju)氰(qing)胺板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),全稱(cheng)是三(san)聚(ju)(ju)氰(qing)胺浸漬膠膜紙飾面人(ren)造板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),是一種墻面裝飾材(cai)料。其(qi)制造過程(cheng)是將帶有不同(tong)顏色或紋理的紙放入三(san)聚(ju)(ju)氰(qing)胺樹脂(zhi)膠粘劑中(zhong)浸泡,然后干燥(zao)到一定固化(hua)程(cheng)度,將其(qi)鋪(pu)裝在刨花板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、中(zhong)密度纖維(wei)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)或硬質纖維(wei)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)表面,經熱壓而成的裝飾板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。