保險柜密碼鎖的種類和結構

保險柜密碼(ma)鎖主要分為(wei)自(zi)動落(luo)(luo)簧式和(he)非(fei)自(zi)動落(luo)(luo)簧式兩種。國外產的保(bao)險柜多為(wei)自(zi)動落(luo)(luo)簧式密碼(ma)鎖；國內產的保(bao)險柜多為(wei)非(fei)自(zi)動落(luo)(luo)簧式密碼(ma)鎖。

1、自動落簧式密碼鎖

這是一種(zhong)把(ba)密(mi)碼（通常(chang)為四(si)組）對(dui)好后，掛鉤及其上邊(bian)的橫桿靠本身的重(zhong)量自動(dong)落(luo)入輪片盤和鎖舌旁邊(bian)的溝(gou)槽中，從而(er)將鎖舌拉(la)動(dong)達(da)到開(kai)啟的目的。這種(zhong)鎖的保密(mi)性好，通常(chang)還可以按照自己所需要的四(si)組數字設定密(mi)碼，但是價格貴，國(guo)內基本不采用。

因為四(si)個密(mi)碼鎖輪(lun)片盤外(wai)圓不可(ke)能(neng)絕對一(yi)樣大，由于是自動落簧，所以(yi)當把刻度盤連(lian)續向某一(yi)方(fang)向轉動時，開鎖的掛鉤或橫桿就可(ke)能(neng)落入某一(yi)槽中(zhong)，這時就會產(chan)生非常(chang)微(wei)小的金(jin)屬撞擊聲，這也是在影(ying)視作品中(zhong)看(kan)到用聽的方(fang)法開啟保(bao)險柜的方(fang)法。常(chang)用的開啟方(fang)法是排列組合，旋轉方(fang)向的順序為左、右(you)、左、右(you)。

2、非自動落簧式密碼鎖

這(zhe)(zhe)是國(guo)內生產的保險柜(ju)常用(yong)的密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)鎖(suo)。之所以稱為非(fei)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)落簧式密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)鎖(suo)，是因為對(dui)(dui)(dui)好密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)后，需要用(yong)手轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)把(ba)手或(huo)者(zhe)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰匙才能將柜(ju)門(men)打(da)開(kai)。當沒有用(yong)鑰匙打(da)開(kai)鎖(suo)時(shi)，聯動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機構(gou)滑(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)板上的卡(ka)頭被鎖(suo)舌阻(zu)擋，滑(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)板不能移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)；當密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)鎖(suo)的刻度盤(pan)沒有對(dui)(dui)(dui)好時(shi)，輪片盤(pan)的缺口(kou)沒有在開(kai)啟位(wei)置(zhi)上，滑(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)板上的平舌不能進入三個輪片盤(pan)的缺口(kou)，聯動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機構(gou)也不能移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，這(zhe)(zhe)是雙重手段限制柜(ju)門(men)的開(kai)啟。只(zhi)有在鎖(suo)具已經開(kai)啟，并且密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)已經對(dui)(dui)(dui)好的情況(kuang)下(xia)，聯動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機構(gou)在沒有阻(zu)礙(ai)的時(shi)候才能移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。

此(ci)類密(mi)碼鎖刻度盤規格種類通常(chang)分為三片(pian)(pian)(pian)或四片(pian)(pian)(pian)兩(liang)種。刻度盤的操作(zuo)原理為了便(bian)于記(ji)憶和交流，我們將靠近柜門(men)的對字片(pian)(pian)(pian)稱(cheng)為第一片(pian)(pian)(pian)，中(zhong)間的稱(cheng)為第二片(pian)(pian)(pian)，最里邊的稱(cheng)為第三片(pian)(pian)(pian)（亦稱(cheng)死片(pian)(pian)(pian)）。每片(pian)(pian)(pian)上有一個（有的第二片(pian)(pian)(pian)上有兩(liang)個）金屬突筍，稱(cheng)作(zuo)帶片(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)。

假設對字鎖三個開啟密碼，分別為A、B、C，由于死(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)固定在(zai)(zai)刻度(du)盤(pan)的(de)(de)(de)桿(gan)上(shang)(shang)，當操作(zuo)者轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)刻度(du)盤(pan)時(shi)，帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)死(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)一(yi)起轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)足(zu)夠角(jiao)度(du)時(shi)死(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)(ding)與(yu)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)(ding)接觸(chu)(chu)，并且帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)一(yi)同(tong)(tong)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)；繼續(xu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)足(zu)夠角(jiao)度(du)時(shi)，第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)(ding)與(yu)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)(ding)接觸(chu)(chu)，會(hui)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)一(yi)同(tong)(tong)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，將密碼A對準(zhun)刻度(du)盤(pan)基(ji)座上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)標記(ji)；這時(shi)候第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)缺口處于開(kai)啟(qi)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)。再(zai)向相反方向轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)盤(pan)，死(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)(ding)脫離第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)(ding)，本身自己(ji)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)和第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)停(ting)在(zai)(zai)原來(lai)(lai)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)不動(dong)(dong)(dong)。當死(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)繼續(xu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，接觸(chu)(chu)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)(ding)時(shi)，將帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，將密碼B對準(zhun)刻度(du)盤(pan)基(ji)座上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)標記(ji)，這時(shi)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)缺口停(ting)留(liu)在(zai)(zai)開(kai)啟(qi)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)；再(zai)向相反方向轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)盤(pan)，死(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)(ding)脫離第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)(ding)，本身自己(ji)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)、第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)停(ting)留(liu)在(zai)(zai)原來(lai)(lai)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)不動(dong)(dong)(dong)，將密碼C對準(zhun)刻度(du)盤(pan)基(ji)座上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)標記(ji)，第(di)(di)(di)三片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)缺口停(ting)留(liu)在(zai)(zai)開(kai)啟(qi)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)。搬動(dong)(dong)(dong)柜(ju)(ju)門上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)把手（或者轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)匙）帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)聯動(dong)(dong)(dong)機構則可(ke)將保險柜(ju)(ju)打開(kai)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"力與美"提供，版權聲明反饋

概況(kuang)起來講：將刻度盤轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)三(san)圈對(dui)(dui)第(di)(di)一(yi)個(ge)密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)，然后向相(xiang)反方向轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)兩次(ci)（第(di)(di)一(yi)次(ci)出現(xian)的(de)(de)號(hao)(hao)(hao)碼(ma)(ma)不要）對(dui)(dui)第(di)(di)二個(ge)號(hao)(hao)(hao)碼(ma)(ma)，再向相(xiang)反方向轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)直接對(dui)(dui)第(di)(di)三(san)個(ge)號(hao)(hao)(hao)碼(ma)(ma)，密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)鎖的(de)(de)密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)就對(dui)(dui)好了。保險(xian)柜(ju)出廠時會告訴經銷店(dian)號(hao)(hao)(hao)碼(ma)(ma)經銷店(dian)再告訴用(yong)戶保險(xian)柜(ju)的(de)(de)號(hao)(hao)(hao)碼(ma)(ma)，不過有的(de)(de)是(shi)采用(yong)右(you)、左(zuo)、右(you)的(de)(de)對(dui)(dui)號(hao)(hao)(hao)方式，有的(de)(de)是(shi)采用(yong)左(zuo)、右(you)、左(zuo)的(de)(de)對(dui)(dui)號(hao)(hao)(hao)方式。對(dui)(dui)于三(san)片密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)鎖采取排練組合開(kai)啟無(wu)論采取哪種方式都可以。

這里要指出的是：當(dang)對(dui)第一個或(huo)第二個號碼時，如果轉過一點(dian)，不能采用向相反方(fang)向回退一點(dian)的方(fang)法對(dui)號，因(yin)為回退一點(dian)時僅是第三片(pian)轉動，第一片(pian)和第二片(pian)停留在原位置并(bing)沒有(you)轉動，所以要重新按照程序重對(dui)。

上面講(jiang)的右三圈(quan)(quan)(quan)、左倆(lia)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)的對(dui)號(hao)方(fang)法比(bi)較麻煩，同時也(ye)(ye)不好記憶，對(dui)此(ci)生(sheng)產(chan)廠(chang)(chang)家將(jiang)刻度盤進行(xing)了(le)改進。浙江某生(sheng)產(chan)廠(chang)(chang)仿造國(guo)外產(chan)品，把死片后(hou)端裝上塑料行(xing)星(xing)齒輪機構，利用(yong)這一結(jie)構特點(dian)，使對(dui)輪片盤旋轉(zhuan)一圈(quan)(quan)(quan)，死片可旋轉(zhuan)三圈(quan)(quan)(quan)。這樣將(jiang)對(dui)字盤旋轉(zhuan)一圈(quan)(quan)(quan)則可直接對(dui)第(di)一個號(hao)碼，然后(hou)分(fen)別左、右直接對(dui)第(di)二、第(di)三個號(hao)碼。給用(yong)戶帶(dai)來很大方(fang)便，這也(ye)(ye)是發展方(fang)向，就是造價相對(dui)貴些。

密碼鎖防破壞措施的不斷改進

早期生產(chan)的(de)密碼(ma)鎖有兩個缺點(dian)：一(yi)是(shi)刻度(du)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)把手是(shi)非圓柱(zhu)形(xing)，容易(yi)固(gu)定(ding)專用(yong)工具（稱為拉(la)碼(ma)器(qi)），從(cong)而將對字盤(pan)(pan)(pan)拔出(chu)，輪片盤(pan)(pan)(pan)脫落后失去執鎖作用(yong)可(ke)將柜門(men)打開；二是(shi)輪片盤(pan)(pan)(pan)的(de)死片是(shi)用(yong)一(yi)開口銷固(gu)定(ding)在刻度(du)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)的(de)桿上，開口銷的(de)抗(kang)剪切強度(du)不夠(gou)，可(ke)以輕(qing)而易(yi)舉的(de)用(yong)專用(yong)工具拉(la)斷。

以后生產(chan)廠(chang)發現(xian)這個(ge)弊病后，對(dui)此進行了改進。在原來的基礎上把(ba)刻度盤的桿上車(che)上螺(luo)紋，配上M10的螺(luo)帽并用開口銷固(gu)定(ding)，雖然增加了抗拉(la)措施(shi)，但是只要有足夠的拉(la)力(li)，可以將刻度盤基座固(gu)定(ding)螺(luo)絲拉(la)斷，使整個(ge)密碼鎖(suo)脫(tuo)落，失去執鎖(suo)功能。

近(jin)期生產的(de)(de)密碼鎖在(zai)防(fang)拉方面做(zuo)了改進，把刻度(du)盤手柄加工(gong)成(cheng)圓柱形，使(shi)之無法(fa)固定專用(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)具，也就(jiu)無法(fa)用(yong)(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)具將(jiang)刻度(du)盤拉出。但是魔高(gao)一(yi)尺、道高(gao)一(yi)丈，可以將(jiang)柜門(men)把手向(xiang)開(kai)啟(qi)方向(xiang)搬緊，使(shi)柜門(men)傳(chuan)動裝置的(de)(de)平舌切進對字鎖的(de)(de)某(mou)一(yi)片，然(ran)后用(yong)(yong)(yong)管(guan)鉗(qian)夾緊并(bing)向(xiang)某(mou)一(yi)方向(xiang)搬動，可以將(jiang)固定死片的(de)(de)開(kai)口(kou)銷切斷，使(shi)各對字片脫落(luo)同樣達到(dao)開(kai)啟(qi)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。

為了避免這種(zhong)情況發生，生產廠又(you)做了進一步的(de)改進，用(yong)一彈簧卡(ka)子將第(di)一片、第(di)二片輪片盤固定在刻度(du)盤基(ji)座上(shang)(shang)，即便把刻度(du)盤拔出，第(di)一片、第(di)二片仍然卡(ka)在原(yuan)位(wei)置上(shang)(shang)，由(you)于(yu)這兩片的(de)缺口沒(mei)有(you)(you)在開(kai)啟位(wei)置上(shang)(shang)，還(huan)是不能將柜門打開(kai)。當然也(ye)有(you)(you)的(de)保(bao)險柜沒(mei)有(you)(you)這一措施，就可以利用(yong)此方法開(kai)啟保(bao)險柜，事前要了解清(qing)楚，有(you)(you)百(bai)分之百(bai)的(de)把握時才可以使用(yong)此方法，以免將刻度(du)盤拔出后，不但不能馬上(shang)(shang)打開(kai)柜門，相(xiang)反增加許(xu)多(duo)麻煩(fan)。

密碼鎖的開啟方法——切的方法

以后講述的(de)方法，都是以100個(ge)號碼為例(li)，并且(qie)在保險鎖已經開啟的(de)前提下進行。

所謂切的(de)方法，就(jiu)是搬動(dong)把手讓聯(lian)動(dong)裝置的(de)平(ping)舌試(shi)圖插進(jin)輪片(pian)盤缺口的(de)同(tong)時，用手轉動(dong)刻度(du)盤，通(tong)過產生的(de)現象和手感，分析、判斷開(kai)啟密碼，然后(hou)對好密碼，將保險柜打開(kai)。但是如何知(zhi)道我們所判斷的(de)密碼是第幾片(pian)的(de)密碼呢？

前面在密(mi)(mi)碼鎖操作原(yuan)理中已(yi)經(jing)講過：死片向(xiang)右轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)圈(quan)可以帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)片向(xiang)右轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，再(zai)向(xiang)右轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)圈(quan)可以帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)片向(xiang)右轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。這時要向(xiang)左轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)刻(ke)度盤，第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)片、第(di)(di)(di)二(er)片都不動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，只有第(di)(di)(di)三(san)片轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)；對字(zi)盤向(xiang)左轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)圈(quan)時，才能(neng)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)片向(xiang)左轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，再(zai)向(xiang)左轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)圈(quan)才能(neng)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)片向(xiang)左轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。根據這個(ge)原(yuan)理就可以判斷出切出的密(mi)(mi)碼是第(di)(di)(di)幾片的密(mi)(mi)碼。

如果將對字盤手柄向右連續轉動三圈以上，使各帶片釘接觸后，左手向開啟方向轉動開門把柄（或者鑰匙）的同時，右手繼續向右轉動對字盤手柄，當轉動一定角度時，鎖閂會有落槽的感覺（會聽到聲響，開門把柄會有所轉動）。這時向左轉動對字盤手柄，如果僅能轉動幾個刻度格，說明切出的號碼是死片的號碼；若能轉動近一圈，說明切出的是第二片號碼；若能轉動近兩圈，說明切出的是第一片號碼。判斷的理由很難用文字表達清楚，最好是在保險柜上實際操作(zuo)一下，理解(jie)其中奧秘(mi)。