保險柜密碼鎖的種類和結構
保險柜密碼鎖(suo)主要分為(wei)(wei)自動(dong)落(luo)(luo)簧式和非自動(dong)落(luo)(luo)簧式兩種(zhong)。國(guo)外產(chan)的保險柜多(duo)為(wei)(wei)自動(dong)落(luo)(luo)簧式密碼鎖(suo);國(guo)內產(chan)的保險柜多(duo)為(wei)(wei)非自動(dong)落(luo)(luo)簧式密碼鎖(suo)。
1、自動落簧式密碼鎖
這(zhe)是一種把密碼(ma)(通常為(wei)四組)對(dui)好后(hou),掛鉤及其上邊的(de)(de)橫桿靠本身的(de)(de)重量自動落入輪片盤和(he)鎖舌(she)旁邊的(de)(de)溝槽中,從而將(jiang)鎖舌(she)拉動達到(dao)開(kai)啟的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。這(zhe)種鎖的(de)(de)保密性好,通常還可以(yi)按照自己所需要(yao)的(de)(de)四組數字設定(ding)密碼(ma),但是價格貴(gui),國(guo)內基本不采用。
因為四個密碼鎖(suo)輪片盤外圓不可能絕對一(yi)(yi)樣大,由(you)于是自動(dong)落簧,所以(yi)當把刻度盤連續向某一(yi)(yi)方(fang)向轉(zhuan)動(dong)時,開鎖(suo)的(de)(de)掛鉤或橫桿就可能落入某一(yi)(yi)槽中(zhong),這(zhe)時就會產(chan)生非(fei)常微小的(de)(de)金屬(shu)撞擊聲(sheng),這(zhe)也是在影視作品中(zhong)看到用聽(ting)的(de)(de)方(fang)法開啟(qi)保險柜(ju)的(de)(de)方(fang)法。常用的(de)(de)開啟(qi)方(fang)法是排列組(zu)合,旋轉(zhuan)方(fang)向的(de)(de)順序為左(zuo)、右、左(zuo)、右。
2、非自動落簧式密碼鎖
這是國內生產(chan)的(de)(de)保險(xian)柜常用的(de)(de)密碼鎖(suo)。之所以稱為非自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)落簧式(shi)密碼鎖(suo),是因為對好(hao)密碼后,需要用手轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)把(ba)手或者轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)匙才能將柜門(men)打開(kai)。當(dang)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)有(you)用鑰(yao)匙打開(kai)鎖(suo)時,聯(lian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機構滑(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)板(ban)上的(de)(de)卡(ka)頭被(bei)鎖(suo)舌(she)阻擋(dang),滑(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)板(ban)不能移動(dong)(dong)(dong);當(dang)密碼鎖(suo)的(de)(de)刻度盤(pan)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)有(you)對好(hao)時,輪(lun)片(pian)盤(pan)的(de)(de)缺口(kou)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)有(you)在開(kai)啟(qi)位(wei)置上,滑(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)板(ban)上的(de)(de)平(ping)舌(she)不能進入三個輪(lun)片(pian)盤(pan)的(de)(de)缺口(kou),聯(lian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機構也(ye)不能移動(dong)(dong)(dong),這是雙重(zhong)手段(duan)限制柜門(men)的(de)(de)開(kai)啟(qi)。只有(you)在鎖(suo)具(ju)已經開(kai)啟(qi),并且密碼已經對好(hao)的(de)(de)情況(kuang)下,聯(lian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機構在沒(mei)(mei)(mei)有(you)阻礙的(de)(de)時候(hou)才能移動(dong)(dong)(dong)。
此類密碼鎖刻度盤規(gui)格(ge)種類通常分為(wei)(wei)三片(pian)(pian)或(huo)四片(pian)(pian)兩(liang)種。刻度盤的(de)操作原理為(wei)(wei)了(le)便于(yu)記(ji)憶(yi)和(he)交流,我們(men)將(jiang)靠近柜門的(de)對(dui)字片(pian)(pian)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)第一片(pian)(pian),中間的(de)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)第二片(pian)(pian),最里(li)邊的(de)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)第三片(pian)(pian)(亦稱(cheng)死片(pian)(pian))。每片(pian)(pian)上有(you)一個(ge)(有(you)的(de)第二片(pian)(pian)上有(you)兩(liang)個(ge))金屬突(tu)筍,稱(cheng)作帶(dai)片(pian)(pian)釘。
假設對字鎖三個開啟密碼,分別為(wei)A、B、C,由于死(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)固定(ding)在(zai)刻度盤(pan)的(de)(de)(de)桿上,當操作者轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)刻度盤(pan)時(shi)(shi),帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)死(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)一(yi)起轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)足夠角(jiao)度時(shi)(shi)死(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)上的(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)(ding)與第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)(ding)接觸,并且帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)一(yi)同旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan);繼續轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)足夠角(jiao)度時(shi)(shi),第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)(ding)與第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)(ding)接觸,會帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)一(yi)同旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan),將(jiang)密(mi)碼A對準(zhun)(zhun)刻度盤(pan)基座(zuo)上的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)記(ji);這時(shi)(shi)候第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)缺(que)口處于開啟(qi)位(wei)置(zhi)上。再向(xiang)相反(fan)方(fang)向(xiang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)盤(pan),死(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)(ding)脫離第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)(ding),本身(shen)自(zi)己旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan),第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)和第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)停在(zai)原(yuan)來位(wei)置(zhi)不動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。當死(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)繼續轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),接觸第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)(ding)時(shi)(shi),將(jiang)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),將(jiang)密(mi)碼B對準(zhun)(zhun)刻度盤(pan)基座(zuo)上的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)記(ji),這時(shi)(shi)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)缺(que)口停留在(zai)開啟(qi)位(wei)置(zhi)上;再向(xiang)相反(fan)方(fang)向(xiang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)盤(pan),死(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)(ding)脫離第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)(ding),本身(shen)自(zi)己旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)、第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)停留在(zai)原(yuan)來位(wei)置(zhi)上不動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),將(jiang)密(mi)碼C對準(zhun)(zhun)刻度盤(pan)基座(zuo)上的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)記(ji),第(di)(di)(di)三片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)上的(de)(de)(de)缺(que)口停留在(zai)開啟(qi)位(wei)置(zhi)上。搬動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)柜門上的(de)(de)(de)把手(shou)(或者轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰匙)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)聯動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機構(gou)則可將(jiang)保險柜打開。
概況起來(lai)講:將刻(ke)度盤轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動三圈(quan)對(dui)(dui)第(di)一個密(mi)碼(ma),然后向相反(fan)(fan)方(fang)(fang)向轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動兩(liang)次(ci)(第(di)一次(ci)出現的號(hao)(hao)碼(ma)不要)對(dui)(dui)第(di)二(er)個號(hao)(hao)碼(ma),再向相反(fan)(fan)方(fang)(fang)向轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動直接(jie)對(dui)(dui)第(di)三個號(hao)(hao)碼(ma),密(mi)碼(ma)鎖(suo)的密(mi)碼(ma)就(jiu)對(dui)(dui)好了。保(bao)(bao)險(xian)柜出廠(chang)時(shi)會(hui)告訴(su)經銷店(dian)號(hao)(hao)碼(ma)經銷店(dian)再告訴(su)用戶保(bao)(bao)險(xian)柜的號(hao)(hao)碼(ma),不過有的是(shi)采(cai)用右(you)、左(zuo)、右(you)的對(dui)(dui)號(hao)(hao)方(fang)(fang)式(shi),有的是(shi)采(cai)用左(zuo)、右(you)、左(zuo)的對(dui)(dui)號(hao)(hao)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)。對(dui)(dui)于三片密(mi)碼(ma)鎖(suo)采(cai)取排練(lian)組合開啟無論采(cai)取哪種方(fang)(fang)式(shi)都可以。
這里要(yao)指(zhi)出的(de)是(shi):當對(dui)(dui)第一個(ge)或第二個(ge)號碼時(shi),如果轉(zhuan)過一點(dian),不能采用(yong)向(xiang)相反(fan)方向(xiang)回(hui)退一點(dian)的(de)方法對(dui)(dui)號,因為回(hui)退一點(dian)時(shi)僅(jin)是(shi)第三片(pian)轉(zhuan)動,第一片(pian)和第二片(pian)停留在(zai)原位(wei)置(zhi)并沒有轉(zhuan)動,所(suo)以要(yao)重(zhong)新按照程(cheng)序(xu)重(zhong)對(dui)(dui)。
上面講的右三(san)圈(quan)(quan)、左倆圈(quan)(quan)的對(dui)(dui)號方(fang)法比較麻(ma)煩(fan),同(tong)時也不好記憶,對(dui)(dui)此(ci)生產廠家(jia)將刻度盤(pan)進行了改進。浙江(jiang)某(mou)生產廠仿(fang)造(zao)國外產品(pin),把(ba)死片(pian)(pian)后(hou)(hou)端(duan)裝上塑料行星齒輪機(ji)構,利用(yong)這一(yi)(yi)結構特(te)點,使對(dui)(dui)輪片(pian)(pian)盤(pan)旋轉一(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan),死片(pian)(pian)可旋轉三(san)圈(quan)(quan)。這樣將對(dui)(dui)字盤(pan)旋轉一(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)則可直接對(dui)(dui)第一(yi)(yi)個(ge)號碼,然后(hou)(hou)分別左、右直接對(dui)(dui)第二、第三(san)個(ge)號碼。給用(yong)戶(hu)帶來很(hen)大方(fang)便,這也是(shi)發(fa)展方(fang)向,就(jiu)是(shi)造(zao)價相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)貴些。
密碼鎖防破壞措施的不斷改進
早期生產的(de)密碼(ma)鎖(suo)有兩個(ge)缺點(dian):一是(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)度盤(pan)把手(shou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)非(fei)圓柱(zhu)形,容易固定專用工具(稱為拉(la)碼(ma)器(qi)),從而將對字盤(pan)拔出,輪片(pian)盤(pan)脫落后失去執鎖(suo)作用可將柜(ju)門打開;二(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)輪片(pian)盤(pan)的(de)死(si)片(pian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)用一開口銷(xiao)固定在刻(ke)度盤(pan)的(de)桿上(shang),開口銷(xiao)的(de)抗剪切強度不夠,可以輕而易舉的(de)用專用工具拉(la)斷。
以后(hou)生產廠(chang)發(fa)現這個弊病后(hou),對此進行(xing)了改進。在(zai)原來(lai)的基(ji)礎上把(ba)刻度盤的桿上車上螺紋,配上M10的螺帽并用開(kai)口銷固定(ding),雖(sui)然增(zeng)加了抗拉(la)措施(shi),但(dan)是只(zhi)要(yao)有足夠的拉(la)力,可以將刻度盤基(ji)座固定(ding)螺絲拉(la)斷,使整個密碼鎖脫落,失去執鎖功能。
近期生產的(de)(de)密碼鎖在防(fang)拉方面做了改進(jin),把刻(ke)度盤手柄(bing)加工成圓柱形,使之無(wu)法固定專用(yong)(yong)(yong)工具(ju)(ju),也就無(wu)法用(yong)(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)工具(ju)(ju)將刻(ke)度盤拉出。但是魔高一(yi)尺、道高一(yi)丈,可以將柜(ju)(ju)門(men)把手向(xiang)開啟(qi)方向(xiang)搬緊(jin),使柜(ju)(ju)門(men)傳動(dong)裝置(zhi)的(de)(de)平(ping)舌切進(jin)對字(zi)鎖的(de)(de)某(mou)一(yi)片,然后(hou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)管鉗夾緊(jin)并向(xiang)某(mou)一(yi)方向(xiang)搬動(dong),可以將固定死(si)片的(de)(de)開口銷切斷(duan),使各對字(zi)片脫落同樣(yang)達到開啟(qi)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。
為了避免這種情況發(fa)生,生產廠又做了進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步的改進(jin),用一(yi)(yi)彈簧卡(ka)子將(jiang)第(di)一(yi)(yi)片(pian)、第(di)二(er)片(pian)輪片(pian)盤(pan)固定(ding)在(zai)刻度盤(pan)基座(zuo)上(shang),即便把刻度盤(pan)拔(ba)(ba)出,第(di)一(yi)(yi)片(pian)、第(di)二(er)片(pian)仍然(ran)卡(ka)在(zai)原位置(zhi)上(shang),由于(yu)這兩片(pian)的缺口(kou)沒(mei)有在(zai)開啟位置(zhi)上(shang),還是不能將(jiang)柜(ju)門打開。當然(ran)也有的保(bao)險柜(ju)沒(mei)有這一(yi)(yi)措施,就可(ke)以利用此方法開啟保(bao)險柜(ju),事前要了解清楚,有百分(fen)之百的把握(wo)時才可(ke)以使用此方法,以免將(jiang)刻度盤(pan)拔(ba)(ba)出后(hou),不但不能馬上(shang)打開柜(ju)門,相反(fan)增加許(xu)多麻煩。
密碼鎖的開啟方法——切的方法
以后(hou)講述的(de)方法(fa),都是以100個號(hao)碼為(wei)例(li),并且(qie)在保險鎖已經(jing)開(kai)啟的(de)前提下進(jin)行(xing)。
所(suo)謂(wei)切(qie)的(de)方(fang)法,就是(shi)搬動(dong)(dong)把手(shou)(shou)讓聯動(dong)(dong)裝置的(de)平舌試圖(tu)插進輪片盤缺口的(de)同時,用手(shou)(shou)轉動(dong)(dong)刻度盤,通過(guo)產生的(de)現象和手(shou)(shou)感,分析、判斷(duan)(duan)開啟密碼(ma)(ma),然后(hou)對好(hao)密碼(ma)(ma),將保險柜打開。但是(shi)如何知道(dao)我們所(suo)判斷(duan)(duan)的(de)密碼(ma)(ma)是(shi)第幾(ji)片的(de)密碼(ma)(ma)呢?
前面在密碼(ma)鎖操(cao)作原理(li)中(zhong)已經講過:死片(pian)(pian)向(xiang)(xiang)右轉動(dong)一圈(quan)可以(yi)帶(dai)動(dong)第(di)(di)二(er)片(pian)(pian)向(xiang)(xiang)右轉動(dong),再(zai)(zai)向(xiang)(xiang)右轉動(dong)一圈(quan)可以(yi)帶(dai)動(dong)第(di)(di)一片(pian)(pian)向(xiang)(xiang)右轉動(dong)。這時(shi)要向(xiang)(xiang)左轉動(dong)刻度盤,第(di)(di)一片(pian)(pian)、第(di)(di)二(er)片(pian)(pian)都(dou)不動(dong),只有第(di)(di)三片(pian)(pian)轉動(dong);對(dui)字盤向(xiang)(xiang)左轉動(dong)一圈(quan)時(shi),才(cai)能帶(dai)動(dong)第(di)(di)二(er)片(pian)(pian)向(xiang)(xiang)左轉動(dong),再(zai)(zai)向(xiang)(xiang)左轉動(dong)一圈(quan)才(cai)能帶(dai)動(dong)第(di)(di)一片(pian)(pian)向(xiang)(xiang)左轉動(dong)。根據這個原理(li)就可以(yi)判斷出(chu)切出(chu)的(de)密碼(ma)是(shi)第(di)(di)幾片(pian)(pian)的(de)密碼(ma)。
如果將對字盤手柄向右連續轉動三圈以上,使各帶片釘接觸后,左手向開啟方向轉動開門把柄(或者鑰匙)的同時,右手繼續向右轉動對字盤手柄,當轉動一定角度時,鎖閂會有落槽的感覺(會聽到聲響,開門把柄會有所轉動)。這時向左轉動對字盤手柄,如果僅能轉動幾個刻度格,說明切出的號碼是死片的號碼;若能轉動近一圈,說明切出的是第二片號碼;若能轉動近兩圈,說明切出的是第一片號碼。判斷的理由很難用文字表達清楚,最好是在保險柜上實際操作一下(xia),理(li)解其中奧秘。
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