【收割機(ji)(ji)配(pei)件如何(he)更(geng)換(huan)維修(xiu)】玉米收割機(ji)(ji)主要配(pei)件的(de)更(geng)換(huan)及檢(jian)修(xiu)方法

玉米收割機是針對新型能(neng)源開發和減輕農(nong)民朋友勞(lao)動強度(du)而研(yan)究開發的一種(zhong)新型農(nong)業機(ji)(ji)械(xie)，在當代農(nong)業生產中(zhong)應用(yong)越(yue)來越(yue)廣(guang)泛，玉米收(shou)割機(ji)(ji)在經歷了長(chang)期的田(tian)間作業，加上機(ji)(ji)器保(bao)養(yang)情況的好壞與操作人員技術熟練(lian)程度(du)的不同等因素的影(ying)響，機(ji)(ji)器難免會(hui)出現一些(xie)故障，其中(zhong)就包括機(ji)(ji)器配(pei)(pei)件的損壞。這就要求機(ji)(ji)手及時發現，隨時修(xiu)復更(geng)換配(pei)(pei)件。下面(mian)講解一下玉米收(shou)割機(ji)(ji)主要配(pei)(pei)件的更(geng)換及檢(jian)修(xiu)方法。

該圖片由注冊用戶"異想天開"提供，版權聲明反饋

一、動刀片的更換

更(geng)(geng)換(huan)動刀(dao)片(pian)(pian)前，應(ying)先拆下刀(dao)桿(gan)與(yu)搖(yao)臂(bei)焊(han)合上(shang)(shang)球頭(tou)銷的(de)(de)鎖(suo)緊(jin)(jin)螺(luo)母，使(shi)球頭(tou)與(yu)搖(yao)臂(bei)焊(han)合分開，拆下壓(ya)刃器，拆下刀(dao)桿(gan)壓(ya)板，將(jiang)刀(dao)籽(zi)抽出。用(yong)(yong)鏨(zan)子(zi)先剔去需更(geng)(geng)換(huan)的(de)(de)刀(dao)片(pian)(pian)，再鉚(liu)(liu)上(shang)(shang)新刀(dao)片(pian)(pian)。鉚(liu)(liu)接時，應(ying)注意將(jiang)整個刀(dao)桿(gan)墊(dian)平，把(ba)鉚(liu)(liu)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)頭(tou)頂在鉚(liu)(liu)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)底(di)模上(shang)(shang)，然后(hou)用(yong)(yong)錘(chui)子(zi)把(ba)鉚(liu)(liu)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)鐓粗，將(jiang)刀(dao)片(pian)(pian)鉚(liu)(liu)緊(jin)(jin)，再用(yong)(yong)鉚(liu)(liu)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)沖打出鉚(liu)(liu)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)頭(tou)圓帽。刀(dao)片(pian)(pian)锪接后(hou)應(ying)檢查刀(dao)桿(gan)是否變形。如發現個別鉚(liu)(liu)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)松(song)(song)動，一般(ban)可在玉(yu)米收割機的(de)(de)割臺上(shang)(shang)直接鉚(liu)(liu)固，將(jiang)需鉚(liu)(liu)刀(dao)片(pian)(pian)移到(dao)兩定(ding)刀(dao)片(pian)(pian)之間，在松(song)(song)動的(de)(de)鉚(liu)(liu)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)下墊(dian)上(shang)(shang)墊(dian)鐵，再用(yong)(yong)鉚(liu)(liu)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)沖把(ba)鉚(liu)(liu)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)重新鉚(liu)(liu)緊(jin)(jin)。必要時剔去松(song)(song)動鉚(liu)(liu)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，換(huan)上(shang)(shang)新鉚(liu)(liu)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)后(hou)鉚(liu)(liu)緊(jin)(jin)動刀(dao)片(pian)(pian)。

二、定刀片的更換

更(geng)換(huan)(huan)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)刀(dao)(dao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)時(shi)，先拆下(xia)(xia)(xia)護刃(ren)器(qi)上(shang)(shang)的方(fang)頸(jing)螺栓，拆下(xia)(xia)(xia)護刃(ren)器(qi)，用鏨子(zi)剔(ti)去報廢刀(dao)(dao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，再鉚(liu)上(shang)(shang)新(xin)刀(dao)(dao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)。鉚(liu)接中應注意釘頭(tou)應低于定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)刀(dao)(dao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)面(mian)。如果護刃(ren)器(qi)變(bian)形或損壞，則換(huan)(huan)上(shang)(shang)鉚(liu)有(you)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)刀(dao)(dao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的新(xin)護刃(ren)器(qi)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)刀(dao)(dao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)或護刃(ren)器(qi)在更(geng)換(huan)(huan)以(yi)后，要進行檢查。要求所有(you)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)刀(dao)(dao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)在同一(yi)平(ping)面(mian)內，其偏差不超過0.5毫米。調整方(fang)法(fa)：在左右兩端的護刃(ren)器(qi)之(zhi)間，拉(la)緊一(yi)根(gen)細線，細線放(fang)在每(mei)個定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)刀(dao)(dao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)面(mian)上(shang)(shang)。如果其中某(mou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)刀(dao)(dao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)面(mian)與細線偏移太大，則拆下(xia)(xia)(xia)該定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)刀(dao)(dao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)所在護刃(ren)器(qi)上(shang)(shang)的方(fang)頸(jing)螺栓，刀(dao)(dao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)面(mian)向下(xia)(xia)(xia)偏移，應抽去護刃(ren)器(qi)與切割(ge)器(qi)梁(liang)之(zhi)間的墊(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(或以(yi)薄墊(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)換(huan)(huan)厚墊(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian))。反(fan)之(zhi)則調整方(fang)法(fa)相反(fan)。

三、刀桿的校正

⑴刀桿(gan)(gan)彎曲(qu)時(shi)校正(zheng)：刀桿(gan)(gan)彎曲(qu)時(shi)，可用木錘敲擊校正(zheng)。先校正(zheng)最(zui)彎處，注意不可用鐵(tie)錘直接校正(zheng)刀籽(zi)，不能在刀桿(gan)(gan)上留下凹陷、毛刺和改變(bian)刀桿(gan)(gan)斷面形狀。

⑵刀(dao)(dao)桿扭(niu)曲(qu)的(de)(de)校(xiao)正(zheng)：將(jiang)刀(dao)(dao)桿沒扭(niu)曲(qu)的(de)(de)部位固(gu)定在虎(hu)鉗上(shang)，用(yong)大(da)活(huo)動板手夾(jia)住扭(niu)曲(qu)部位，緩(huan)慢地用(yong)力，將(jiang)刀(dao)(dao)桿扭(niu)曲(qu)的(de)(de)反(fan)方向扳轉直(zhi)到刀(dao)(dao)桿子直(zhi)為止。校(xiao)正(zheng)時，扳手夾(jia)持刀(dao)(dao)桿的(de)(de)位置(zhi)盡可能靠近虎(hu)鉗，避免校(xiao)正(zheng)刀(dao)(dao)桿扭(niu)曲(qu)時引起刀(dao)(dao)桿彎曲(qu)。

⑶刀桿(gan)斷裂后應更換：因為刀桿(gan)撕(si)裂的(de)(de)修復工藝較復雜，而且修復后的(de)(de)刀桿(gan)很難保證(zheng)其平直度及有(you)關動(dong)刀片間(jian)的(de)(de)距離，如果使(shi)用斷裂的(de)(de)修復的(de)(de)刀桿(gan)，常會加(jia)劇相鄰零(ling)部件(jian)的(de)(de)損壞和產生卡滯現(xian)象。

四、螺旋葉片的修復

玉米收獲機割臺攪龍(long)和出(chu)谷攪龍(long)都是螺旋輸送結構，螺旋葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)的(de)損(sun)壞形式通常是皺折、脫(tuo)焊(han)(han)和邊(bian)緣(yuan)磨(mo)損(sun)。葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)皺折變形時(shi)，可在(zai)其一邊(bian)墊上枕木(mu)，另一邊(bian)用錘(chui)子錘(chui)，葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)邊(bian)緣(yuan)磨(mo)損(sun)不嚴重的(de)可暫不修(xiu)，磨(mo)損(sun)嚴重的(de)應新做(zuo)葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)用氣(qi)焊(han)(han)焊(han)(han)牢，脫(tuo)焊(han)(han)部(bu)件(jian)用氣(qi)焊(han)(han)焊(han)(han)補，在(zai)葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)易變形處，可在(zai)適(shi)當位置添加強筋。

五、脫粒滾筒修復后的平衡校正

用戶一(yi)(yi)般是對脫(tuo)(tuo)粒(li)(li)(li)釘(ding)齒(chi)(chi)進行(xing)修(xiu)(xiu)復，脫(tuo)(tuo)粒(li)(li)(li)滾(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)其它部(bu)分(fen)的修(xiu)(xiu)復應(ying)送(song)修(xiu)(xiu)理廠進行(xing)。脫(tuo)(tuo)粒(li)(li)(li)滾(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)釘(ding)齒(chi)(chi)的修(xiu)(xiu)復可根(gen)據釘(ding)齒(chi)(chi)的損(sun)壞情況，采(cai)用個別釘(ding)齒(chi)(chi)或整根(gen)脫(tuo)(tuo)粒(li)(li)(li)齒(chi)(chi)樣(yang)蔓(man)新(xin)。由于脫(tuo)(tuo)粒(li)(li)(li)滾(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)直徑大(da)、轉速(su)高，在(zai)修(xiu)(xiu)復后如(ru)不(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)，運轉時將產生很大(da)的振動，因(yin)此脫(tuo)(tuo)粒(li)(li)(li)滾(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)在(zai)修(xiu)(xiu)復后必須(xu)進行(xing)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)。經修(xiu)(xiu)理后的脫(tuo)(tuo)粒(li)(li)(li)滾(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)如(ru)果(guo)沒有進行(xing)動平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，必須(xu)進行(xing)靜平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，否則不(bu)能(neng)安裝使用。靜平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的簡易方(fang)(fang)法：拆(chai)涂滾(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)與其他部(bu)件的傳動帶，輕輕轉動滾(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)，如(ru)果(guo)滾(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)在(zai)轉速(su)降低(di)并(bing)停止(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)無反轉現象，滾(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)的任(ren)一(yi)(yi)部(bu)位均(jun)能(neng)在(zai)最上方(fang)(fang)停止(zhi)(zhi)，說明滾(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)重量得到了平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)分(fen)配(pei)(pei)，滾(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)基本(ben)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)穩；如(ru)果(guo)滾(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)靜止(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)要(yao)正(zheng)(zheng)、反轉反復幾次，且經2-3次停止(zhi)(zhi)轉動，都是同一(yi)(yi)根(gen)脫(tuo)(tuo)粒(li)(li)(li)齒(chi)(chi)桿(gan)處于上方(fang)(fang)，說明該脫(tuo)(tuo)粒(li)(li)(li)齒(chi)(chi)桿(gan)相對較輕，應(ying)在(zai)該齒(chi)(chi)桿(gan)上加一(yi)(yi)些墊片或螺母(mu)，且所加重量盡(jin)可能(neng)均(jun)衡(heng)(heng)分(fen)配(pei)(pei)在(zai)整根(gen)齒(chi)(chi)桿(gan)上，反復幾次校正(zheng)(zheng)，直至脫(tuo)(tuo)粒(li)(li)(li)滾(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)停止(zhi)(zhi)時的情況符合(he)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)校正(zheng)(zheng)要(yao)求(qiu)。

六、軸頸磨損的修復

小型玉米收割機各傳動軸(zhou)(zhou)的(de)軸(zhou)(zhou)頸(jing)，使用較長時間后，常出現較大的(de)磨損或鍵槽損壞，常用表(biao)面焊(han)補法修復。

修復方法：

⑴拆下(xia)需修(xiu)的軸，有條件最(zui)好將需焊補的軸頸車圓，以使(shi)焊層厚度均勻。

⑵用振動堆(dui)焊最好，振動堆(dui)焊焊層均(jun)勻(yun)細密，焊后變形小、硬度高。焊補后的(de)軸(zhou)頸，一般應比原(yuan)來(lai)需要(yao)的(de)尺寸大(da)5.8毫米，以備機械加工。

⑶焊補后的軸如有變形，應先(xian)校(xiao)正，再車(che)削(xue)加工。若(ruo)軸頸雖有彎曲但焊層(ceng)余量較大，只需修整(zheng)轱端酌(zhuo)中心孔，就可進(jin)行車(che)削(xue)加工，恢復應有的配合(he)性質。

⑷有鍵(jian)槽的(de)應(ying)用(yong)銑(xian)床加工(gong)出(chu)鍵(jian)槽，也(ye)可以手(shou)工(gong)加工(gong)。