一、壓縮空氣儲能原理是什么

壓縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)主要利用電(dian)網負(fu)荷(he)低谷(gu)時的剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)力壓縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)，并將其(qi)儲(chu)藏在高壓密(mi)封設施(shi)內，在用電(dian)高峰(feng)釋放出來驅動(dong)燃氣(qi)輪(lun)機發電(dian)，壓縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)原理(li)如(ru)下：

壓縮空氣儲能是(shi)利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)負荷低谷時(shi)的(de)剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)，由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)帶動空(kong)氣(qi)壓(ya)縮機(ji)(ji)，將(jiang)空(kong)氣(qi)壓(ya)入(ru)作為儲(chu)氣(qi)室的(de)密閉大容量(liang)地下空(kong)間，即將(jiang)不可儲(chu)存(cun)(cun)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能轉化成可儲(chu)存(cun)(cun)的(de)壓(ya)縮空(kong)氣(qi)的(de)氣(qi)壓(ya)勢能并儲(chu)存(cun)(cun)于(yu)貯氣(qi)室中。當系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)不足時(shi)，將(jiang)壓(ya)縮空(kong)氣(qi)經換熱器與油或天然(ran)氣(qi)混合燃燒(shao)，導入(ru)燃氣(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)做功(gong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，滿足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)調峰(feng)需要。壓(ya)氣(qi)機(ji)(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)、貯氣(qi)室等(deng)組成的(de)蓄(xu)能子系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站低谷的(de)低價(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能通(tong)過壓(ya)縮空(kong)氣(qi)儲(chu)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)巖(yan)穴、廢棄礦井等(deng)貯氣(qi)室中，蓄(xu)能時(shi)通(tong)過聯(lian)軸(zhou)器將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)和壓(ya)氣(qi)機(ji)(ji)耦(ou)合，與燃氣(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)解耦(ou)合。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)高峰(feng)負荷時(shi)，利用(yong)壓(ya)縮空(kong)氣(qi)燃燒(shao)驅動燃氣(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，燃氣(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)、燃燒(shao)室以及加(jia)熱器等(deng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)與燃氣(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)耦(ou)合，與壓(ya)氣(qi)機(ji)(ji)解耦(ou)合。

二、壓縮空氣儲能優缺點有哪些

1、壓縮(suo)空氣儲(chu)能主要優(you)勢(shi)是(shi)規模(mo)(mo)大、壽(shou)命長(chang)、成本較(jiao)低(di)和儲(chu)能時(shi)間長(chang)。它(ta)的(de)規模(mo)(mo)可(ke)以達(da)(da)到百兆瓦級以上，儲(chu)能時(shi)間可(ke)達(da)(da)4—10小時(shi)，甚(shen)至更長(chang)。由(you)于都是(shi)機(ji)械(xie)裝(zhuang)置，正(zheng)常(chang)維護情(qing)況下(xia)壽(shou)命可(ke)達(da)(da)30—50年。

2、壓縮空氣儲(chu)能劣勢(shi)在于：

（1）目前(qian)壓縮空氣儲能的效(xiao)率(lv)約為70%，與(yu)效(xiao)率(lv)較高的電池（85%—90%）相(xiang)比相(xiang)對(dui)較低。

（2）響應速度沒有(you)電化(hua)學(xue)儲(chu)能(neng)快，負荷從0到100%的正(zheng)常(chang)響應時(shi)間需(xu)要3—9分鐘(zhong)，而電化(hua)學(xue)儲(chu)能(neng)為秒級到毫秒級。壓縮空(kong)氣儲(chu)能(neng)系統只(zhi)有(you)作(zuo)為旋(xuan)轉備(bei)用(yong)時(shi)才可以達到秒級。

（3）一般情況(kuang)下不適合太小規模的(de)應(ying)用場景，規模太小，系統效(xiao)率會下降，單(dan)位(wei)成本(ben)會增加。