西(xi)寧(ning)屬于高原(yuan)大(da)陸性(xing)氣(qi)候,受(shou)高海拔影(ying)響,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)較(jiao)低,晝夜溫(wen)差大(da),夏季(ji)(ji)短,冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)漫長(chang)。根據(ju)中國(guo)氣(qi)象局數(shu)據(ju),西(xi)寧(ning)1981年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)平(ping)均(jun)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)長(chang)為(wei)(wei)209天(tian),超過哈爾濱,是中國(guo)冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)最(zui)長(chang)的(de)(de)省(sheng)會城市(shi)。據(ju)中國(guo)氣(qi)象局數(shu)據(ju)顯示,西(xi)寧(ning)每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)入冬(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間基本上為(wei)(wei)10月初(chu),1981年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)西(xi)寧(ning)平(ping)均(jun)入冬(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間為(wei)(wei)10月2日(ri)。而(er)通過2016年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)氣(qi)象數(shu)據(ju)分析,西(xi)寧(ning)最(zui)早入冬(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間為(wei)(wei)10月2日(ri),最(zui)遲(chi)入冬(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間為(wei)(wei)10月6日(ri)。當全國(guo)大(da)部時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間進(jin)入賞(shang)秋最(zui)佳(jia)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)候,西(xi)寧(ning)已經(jing)開始進(jin)入冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji),比東北的(de)(de)哈爾濱市(shi)還早,是中國(guo)入冬(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間最(zui)早的(de)(de)省(sheng)會城市(shi)。
哈(ha)爾(er)濱(bin)地處(chu)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)最(zui)冷的(de)東北(bei)地區(qu)、黑(hei)龍江(jiang)北(bei)部(bu),是(shi)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)緯(wei)度(du)最(zui)高的(de)省會城市(shi),四季分明,冬(dong)季漫長(chang)而寒冷,被稱(cheng)為“冰城”。每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)從(cong)(cong)9月(yue)份(fen)開始,黑(hei)龍江(jiang)北(bei)部(bu)就早早進(jin)入了氣象(xiang)學意義上(shang)的(de)冬(dong)季。而從(cong)(cong)氣候(hou)數據來看,哈(ha)爾(er)濱(bin)每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)入冬(dong)時間在10月(yue)份(fen)。據中國(guo)(guo)氣象(xiang)局數據,1981年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),哈(ha)爾(er)濱(bin)平均(jun)入冬(dong)日(ri)期為10月(yue)6日(ri),每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)冬(dong)季平均(jun)時長(chang)為204天(tian),是(shi)東北(bei)地區(qu)入冬(dong)最(zui)早、冬(dong)季最(zui)長(chang)的(de)省會城市(shi)。
拉(la)(la)薩,西藏(zang)自治區首府(fu),氣(qi)候屬高原(yuan)溫帶半干旱季(ji)(ji)風氣(qi)候區,素有(you)“日(ri)光城”的(de)美譽,冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)時間長,夏季(ji)(ji)短。拉(la)(la)薩常年入(ru)冬(dong)時間為(wei)10月(yue)中旬左右,據(ju)中國(guo)氣(qi)象局數據(ju),1981年至(zhi)2010年,拉(la)(la)薩平(ping)均入(ru)冬(dong)日(ri)期為(wei)10月(yue)16日(ri),每年冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)平(ping)均時長為(wei)204天,是中國(guo)西部地區冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)最(zui)長的(de)城市。
長(chang)春,吉(ji)林省(sheng)省(sheng)會(hui)城(cheng)市,氣(qi)候屬于大(da)(da)陸性半(ban)(ban)干燥、半(ban)(ban)濕(shi)潤季(ji)風氣(qi)候,冬(dong)季(ji)寒(han)冷(leng)而(er)漫長(chang),歷史(shi)上極端最(zui)低溫曾(ceng)達到過-39℃,形成冬(dong)季(ji)“三(san)寒(han)四溫”的天氣(qi)特征。根據(ju)中國(guo)氣(qi)象局(ju)1981-2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)氣(qi)象數(shu)(shu)據(ju)統計,長(chang)春的平(ping)均入(ru)冬(dong)時(shi)間為(wei)10月(yue)14日(ri)(立冬(dong)節氣(qi)前入(ru)冬(dong)),每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)冬(dong)季(ji)平(ping)均時(shi)長(chang)為(wei)194天,占到了全年(nian)(nian)(nian)的一(yi)半(ban)(ban)以上,也是(shi)中國(guo)十大(da)(da)冬(dong)季(ji)最(zui)長(chang)的省(sheng)會(hui)城(cheng)市之一(yi)。又據(ju)吉(ji)林省(sheng)氣(qi)象臺數(shu)(shu)據(ju),2021年(nian)(nian)(nian)長(chang)春于10月(yue)15日(ri)入(ru)冬(dong),2021年(nian)(nian)(nian)冬(dong)季(ji)日(ri)數(shu)(shu)達184天,占了全年(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)半(ban)(ban)。
呼(hu)(hu)和(he)(he)浩(hao)(hao)特(te)(te),內(nei)蒙古(gu)自治區首(shou)府,屬中溫(wen)(wen)(wen)帶大陸(lu)性季(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou),四(si)季(ji)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)變化明顯,差異較大,其特(te)(te)點(dian):冬(dong)季(ji)漫長嚴寒(han),夏(xia)季(ji)短暫炎熱,春秋兩季(ji)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)變化劇烈。呼(hu)(hu)和(he)(he)浩(hao)(hao)特(te)(te)常(chang)年(nian)入冬(dong)時(shi)(shi)間為(wei)10月(yue)上中旬左右,冬(dong)季(ji)長約六個(ge)月(yue)。據中國氣(qi)(qi)象(xiang)局1981-2010年(nian)氣(qi)(qi)象(xiang)數據統計,呼(hu)(hu)和(he)(he)浩(hao)(hao)特(te)(te)平(ping)(ping)均入冬(dong)時(shi)(shi)間為(wei)10月(yue)11日,30年(nian)來每年(nian)冬(dong)季(ji)平(ping)(ping)均時(shi)(shi)長為(wei)189天(tian)。隨著全(quan)球氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)升溫(wen)(wen)(wen),我國冬(dong)季(ji)時(shi)(shi)長也(ye)會減少(shao),而據中央氣(qi)(qi)象(xiang)臺公布了(le)2010年(nian)至2020年(nian)部分城市冬(dong)季(ji)時(shi)(shi)長數據,呼(hu)(hu)和(he)(he)浩(hao)(hao)特(te)(te)冬(dong)季(ji)平(ping)(ping)均時(shi)(shi)長為(wei)146天(tian)。
烏魯(lu)木(mu)齊(qi),新疆維吾爾自治區首府,是(shi)世界上離海洋最遠的(de)城(cheng)市(shi),屬中溫帶大(da)陸(lu)性干(gan)旱氣(qi)(qi)候,冬(dong)(dong)季來(lai)(lai)得(de)早(zao),春天(tian)來(lai)(lai)得(de)遲,冬(dong)(dong)天(tian)每年(nian)(nian)從11月(yue)初(chu)到次年(nian)(nian)4月(yue)初(chu),超過(guo)150天(tian)。據(ju)中國氣(qi)(qi)象局1981-2010年(nian)(nian)氣(qi)(qi)象數據(ju)統計(ji),烏魯(lu)木(mu)齊(qi)平均入(ru)冬(dong)(dong)時(shi)間為(wei)(wei)10月(yue)11日,而2021年(nian)(nian)入(ru)冬(dong)(dong)時(shi)間為(wei)(wei)10月(yue)2日,較常年(nian)(nian)提(ti)前9天(tian),是(shi)西北地區入(ru)冬(dong)(dong)時(shi)間最早(zao)的(de)城(cheng)市(shi)之一(yi)。此(ci)外,據(ju)中國氣(qi)(qi)象局數據(ju),1981年(nian)(nian)至2010年(nian)(nian)的(de)30年(nian)(nian)來(lai)(lai),烏魯(lu)木(mu)齊(qi)每年(nian)(nian)冬(dong)(dong)季平均時(shi)長(chang)為(wei)(wei)186天(tian)。
沈陽(yang),遼寧省(sheng)省(sheng)會城市(shi),地處東北地區,冬(dong)季比較漫(man)長,從10月中下旬(xun)開始一直到次年(nian)(nian)的3月中下旬(xun)左右。據(ju)往常氣象(xiang)數(shu)(shu)據(ju),沈陽(yang)每年(nian)(nian)入(ru)冬(dong)時間(jian)在(zai)10月中下旬(xun)左右。據(ju)中國氣象(xiang)局(ju)1981-2010年(nian)(nian)氣象(xiang)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)統計,沈陽(yang)平均入(ru)冬(dong)時間(jian)為10月17日,30年(nian)(nian)來(lai)每年(nian)(nian)冬(dong)季平均時長為181天(tian)。
銀(yin)川(chuan)(chuan),寧夏回族自治區首府(fu),深(shen)居(ju)西(xi)北(bei)內(nei)陸高(gao)原(yuan),屬中溫帶干旱氣候區,冬寒漫(man)長(chang)(chang)但(dan)不奇冷,冬季(ji)常年(nian)入(ru)冬時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)為(wei)10月(yue)中下旬左右。據中國(guo)(guo)氣象(xiang)局1981-2010年(nian)氣象(xiang)數(shu)據統計,銀(yin)川(chuan)(chuan)平均(jun)(jun)入(ru)冬時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)為(wei)10月(yue)18日,每年(nian)冬季(ji)平均(jun)(jun)時(shi)(shi)(shi)長(chang)(chang)為(wei)171天。而由(you)于近(jin)10年(nian)來全球氣候變暖(nuan),我國(guo)(guo)冬季(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)長(chang)(chang)減(jian)少,據中央氣象(xiang)臺公布了(le)2010年(nian)至2020年(nian)部分城市(shi)冬季(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)長(chang)(chang)數(shu)據,銀(yin)川(chuan)(chuan)平均(jun)(jun)入(ru)冬時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)為(wei)10月(yue)18日,冬季(ji)平均(jun)(jun)時(shi)(shi)(shi)長(chang)(chang)為(wei)161天。
蘭州地處青藏(zang)高原向黃土高原過渡(du)地帶,甘(gan)肅省(sheng)省(sheng)會城市,屬溫(wen)帶大陸性氣(qi)候,夏無(wu)酷暑,冬無(wu)嚴寒,冬季(ji)漫長,常年(nian)(nian)入(ru)冬時間為10月(yue)中下旬左右。據中國氣(qi)象(xiang)局(ju)1981-2010年(nian)(nian)氣(qi)象(xiang)數(shu)據統(tong)計(ji),蘭州平均(jun)入(ru)冬時間為10月(yue)19日(ri),每年(nian)(nian)冬季(ji)平均(jun)時長為168天(tian)。
太原,山西(xi)省省會(hui)城(cheng)市,屬(shu)北(bei)溫(wen)帶大陸性氣候(hou),氣候(hou)特(te)點(dian)是:冬(dong)季(ji)干(gan)冷漫長(chang)(chang),夏季(ji)濕熱多(duo)雨,春(chun)(chun)季(ji)升溫(wen)急劇,秋季(ji)降溫(wen)迅速,春(chun)(chun)秋兩季(ji)短暫(zan)多(duo)風,干(gan)濕季(ji)節分明(ming),常(chang)年入冬(dong)時間為(wei)10月下旬左右。據中國氣象局1981-2010年氣象數據統計(ji),太原平均入冬(dong)時間為(wei)10月21日,每(mei)年冬(dong)季(ji)平均時長(chang)(chang)為(wei)166天,也是中國十(shi)大冬(dong)季(ji)最長(chang)(chang)的省會(hui)城(cheng)市之一(yi)。
全國其他大城市入冬時長:天(tian)(tian)(tian)津(冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)達(da)(da)(da)154天(tian)(tian)(tian)) 、北京(jing)(冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)達(da)(da)(da)151天(tian)(tian)(tian)) 、石家莊(zhuang)(冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)達(da)(da)(da)天(tian)(tian)(tian)142) 、西(xi)安(an)(冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)達(da)(da)(da)140天(tian)(tian)(tian)) 、濟南(冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)達(da)(da)(da)138天(tian)(tian)(tian)) 、鄭州(冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)達(da)(da)(da)137天(tian)(tian)(tian)) 、南京(jing)(冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)達(da)(da)(da)128天(tian)(tian)(tian)) 、合(he)肥 (冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)達(da)(da)(da)120天(tian)(tian)(tian)) 、上海(冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)達(da)(da)(da)119天(tian)(tian)(tian)) 、貴陽(冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)達(da)(da)(da)104天(tian)(tian)(tian)) 、杭州(冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)達(da)(da)(da)103天(tian)(tian)(tian)) 、武漢(冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)達(da)(da)(da)103天(tian)(tian)(tian)) 、長沙(sha)(冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)達(da)(da)(da)98天(tian)(tian)(tian)) 、成都(冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)達(da)(da)(da)97天(tian)(tian)(tian)) 、南昌(冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)達(da)(da)(da)91天(tian)(tian)(tian)) 、昆明(冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)達(da)(da)(da)70天(tian)(tian)(tian)) 、重慶(冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)達(da)(da)(da)63天(tian)(tian)(tian)) 。
注1:中國(guo)(guo)十大冬(dong)(dong)季最(zui)長(chang)(chang)的(de)省會城(cheng)市排行榜,是MAIgoo小(xiao)編根據(ju)(ju)中國(guo)(guo)23個(ge)省省會城(cheng)市和5個(ge)自治區首(shou)府(fu)冬(dong)(dong)季平(ping)均(jun)時(shi)長(chang)(chang),參(can)考(kao)中國(guo)(guo)氣象局(ju)發(fa)布的(de)1981年至(zhi)2010年冬(dong)(dong)季平(ping)均(jun)時(shi)長(chang)(chang)、平(ping)均(jun)入冬(dong)(dong)時(shi)間數據(ju)(ju)及中國(guo)(guo)氣象局(ju)發(fa)布的(de)部(bu)分城(cheng)市冬(dong)(dong)季時(shi)長(chang)(chang)數據(ju)(ju)整(zheng)理而成。排名以(yi)中國(guo)(guo)氣象局(ju)1981年至(zhi)2010年冬(dong)(dong)季平(ping)均(jun)時(shi)長(chang)(chang)為標準,僅供參(can)考(kao)。
注2:本文入冬時間采用中國氣象業務上的“滑(hua)標(biao)”和“簡(jian)標(biao)”,即連(lian)續5日滑(hua)動平均氣溫低于(yu)10℃即達(da)到入冬標(biao)準。2010-2021年(nian)10余年(nian)來(lai),由于(yu)部分省會城市冬季時長數據(ju)缺失(shi),所以暫不納入統(tong)計范圍。