【繼電器工作(zuo)原(yuan)理】繼電器工作(zuo)原(yuan)理分析 熱過載繼電器的結構特征

繼電器是什么

當(dang)它(ta)接入主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路內(nei)，流過與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機相同電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機過載(zai)時(shi)，熱(re)(re)元件被加熱(re)(re)到(dao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作溫度，使熱(re)(re)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作。熱(re)(re)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作時(shi)間與(yu)過載(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)大(da)小按反時(shi)限關(guan)系變化(hua)〔而(er)作為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機過載(zai)保(bao)護的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，必須保(bao)證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機的(de)(de)正常起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和運(yun)行不(bu)受影響，并能最大(da)限度的(de)(de)發(fa)揮(hui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機的(de)(de)承載(zai)能力，因此熱(re)(re)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作特性曲(qu)線應位于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機的(de)(de)允許發(fa)熱(re)(re)特性曲(qu)線的(de)(de)下(xia)方，且(qie)又接近于(yu)它(ta)。

繼電器的工作原理分析

1、電磁繼電器的工作原理和特性

電磁式繼電器一般由鐵芯、線圈、銜鐵、觸點簧片等組成的。只要在線圈兩端加上一定的電壓，線圈中就會流過一定的電流，從而產生電磁效應，銜鐵就會在電磁力吸引的作用下克服返回彈簧的拉力吸向鐵芯，從而帶動銜鐵的動觸點與靜觸點(常(chang)開觸點)吸合。當線圈(quan)斷電(dian)后，電(dian)磁的吸力也(ye)隨之消失，銜鐵就(jiu)會(hui)在彈簧的反作(zuo)用力返回原(yuan)來的位置，使動觸點與原(yuan)來的靜(jing)觸點(常閉觸點(dian))吸合。這樣(yang)吸合、釋放，從而達(da)到了在電路中的(de)(de)導通、切斷的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。對于繼電器的(de)(de)“常開(kai)、常閉”觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)，可(ke)以這樣(yang)來區分(fen)：繼電器線圈未通電時處于斷開(kai)狀(zhuang)態的(de)(de)靜(jing)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)，稱(cheng)為“常開(kai)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)”；處于接通狀(zhuang)態的(de)(de)靜(jing)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)稱(cheng)為“常閉觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)”。

該圖片由注冊用戶"精靈世界"提供，版權聲明反饋

2、熱敏干簧繼電器的工作原理和特性

熱(re)(re)敏(min)(min)(min)干簧(huang)繼電(dian)器是一(yi)種利用(yong)熱(re)(re)敏(min)(min)(min)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)性材料(liao)檢(jian)測和(he)控(kong)制(zhi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度的新型熱(re)(re)敏(min)(min)(min)開(kai)關。它由感(gan)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)環(huan)(huan)(huan)、恒(heng)(heng)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)環(huan)(huan)(huan)、干簧(huang)管(guan)(guan)、導熱(re)(re)安裝(zhuang)片、塑料(liao)襯底及其(qi)他一(yi)些附件組成。熱(re)(re)敏(min)(min)(min)干簧(huang)繼電(dian)器不用(yong)線圈勵磁(ci)(ci)(ci)，而由恒(heng)(heng)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)環(huan)(huan)(huan)產生的磁(ci)(ci)(ci)力(li)驅動開(kai)關動作(zuo)。恒(heng)(heng)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)環(huan)(huan)(huan)能否向干簧(huang)管(guan)(guan)提供磁(ci)(ci)(ci)力(li)是由感(gan)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的溫(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)特(te)性決定的。

3、固態繼電器(SSR)的工作原理和特性

固(gu)態繼(ji)電器(qi)是(shi)一種兩個接線端(duan)(duan)為(wei)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入端(duan)(duan)，另兩個接線端(duan)(duan)為(wei)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出端(duan)(duan)的(de)四(si)端(duan)(duan)器(qi)件，中間采用隔(ge)離器(qi)件實現輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出的(de)電隔(ge)離。

固(gu)態(tai)繼電(dian)器(qi)按(an)負(fu)載電(dian)源(yuan)類型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)可分為(wei)交(jiao)流型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和直流型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。按(an)開關型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式可分為(wei)常(chang)開型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和常(chang)閉型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。按(an)隔(ge)離(li)(li)(li)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式可分為(wei)混合型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、變壓(ya)器(qi)隔(ge)離(li)(li)(li)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和光電(dian)隔(ge)離(li)(li)(li)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，以(yi)光電(dian)隔(ge)離(li)(li)(li)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)最多。

繼電器主要產品技術參數

1、額定工作電壓

是(shi)指(zhi)繼電(dian)器正常工作(zuo)時線圈所(suo)需(xu)要的電(dian)壓。根據繼電(dian)器的型號不(bu)同，可(ke)以是(shi)交(jiao)流電(dian)壓，也可(ke)以是(shi)直流電(dian)壓。

2、直(zhi)流電阻

是指繼電(dian)(dian)器中線圈的直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)阻，可以通過萬能表測量。

3、吸(xi)合電流

是指繼電器能夠產生吸合動作的最小電流。在正常使用時，給定的電流必須略大于吸合電流，這樣繼電器才能穩定地工作。而對于線圈所加的工作電壓，一般不要超過額定工作電壓的1.5倍，否則會產生較大(da)的電流而把線圈燒毀(hui)。

4、釋(shi)放電流

是指繼(ji)電器產生釋放動作(zuo)的(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)電流。當繼(ji)電器吸(xi)合(he)(he)狀(zhuang)態的(de)(de)電流減小到一定程度時(shi)，繼(ji)電器就會恢復到未通(tong)電的(de)(de)釋放狀(zhuang)態。這時(shi)的(de)(de)電流遠遠小于吸(xi)合(he)(he)電流。

5、觸點(dian)切(qie)換電壓和電流

是指繼電(dian)器(qi)允(yun)許(xu)加載的電(dian)壓(ya)和電(dian)流。它決定了繼電(dian)器(qi)能控制電(dian)壓(ya)和電(dian)流的大小(xiao)，使(shi)用時不能超(chao)過(guo)此值(zhi)，否則很容(rong)易損壞繼電(dian)器(qi)的觸(chu)點。

熱過載繼電器的結構特征

有(you)電流(liu)調節(jie)凸輪用以調節(jie)整定電流(liu)。

有溫(wen)度補償裝置以(yi)保(bao)證動作特(te)性在-20C～60C的周圍(wei)介質溫(wen)度范(fan)圍(wei)內基本(ben)不變。

有復(fu)位(wei)調節旋鈕(niu)用以調節復(fu)位(wei)方(fang)式，有手(shou)動和自動二種復(fu)位(wei)狀(zhuang)態。

有拉伸(shen)彈簧翻轉(zhuan)跳躍(yue)機構(gou)以保證(zheng)觸頭動作迅速可靠。

有差動式斷相/三相不平衡(heng)保護裝置。

有檢測滑(hua)塊/開關位(wei)置指示(shi)器模擬熱繼電器的(de)脫扣并(bing)顯示(shi)動作(zuo)狀態(tai)。通過這種模擬方(fang)式(shi)檢查并(bing)確(que)保輔助電路接線正確(que)。當滑(hua)塊上的(de)標線位(wei)于(yu)“0”標志處顯示(shi)脫扣，位(wei)于(yu)“l”標志處顯示(shi)工作(zuo)。

有斷開按(an)(an)鈕(niu)(niu)，按(an)(an)下(xia)斷開按(an)(an)鈕(niu)(niu)時，常閉觸(chu)頭(tou)打開串聯接觸(chu)器(qi)開路(lu)，斷開負載(zai)，釋放斷開按(an)(an)鈕(niu)(niu)后，負載(zai)通過(guo)接觸(chu)器(qi)重新(xin)工(gong)作(zuo)。