電池儲能系統的結構組成
1、蓄電池系統
目前(qian)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)方式主(zhu)要分為三(san)類:物理儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(抽(chou)水儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)、壓縮空氣(qi)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)、飛輪儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)等)、化學儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(鉛酸電池、氧化還原(yuan)液流電池、鈉硫電池、鋰離子(zi)電池)和(he)電磁儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)三(san)大類,由于經濟性及應(ying)(ying)用(yong)場景的(de)原(yuan)因,除抽(chou)水儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)外,化學儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)是應(ying)(ying)用(yong)最廣(guang)泛,從國(guo)際和(he)國(guo)內市場來看(kan),化學儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)中的(de)鋰離子(zi)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)較多。
2、PCS變流器系統
儲(chu)能雙向變流(liu)器(qi)簡稱(cheng)PCS,儲(chu)能變流(liu)器(qi)可(ke)以實(shi)現電(dian)(dian)池(chi)與電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)間(jian)的交直流(liu)轉換,完(wan)成(cheng)兩者(zhe)間(jian)的雙向能量流(liu)動,并通過控制策(ce)略實(shi)現對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)系(xi)統的充放電(dian)(dian)管理、網(wang)(wang)測負(fu)荷(he)功率(lv)跟蹤、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)儲(chu)能系(xi)統充放電(dian)(dian)功率(lv)控制和(he)正常(chang)及孤島(dao)運行方式(shi)下網(wang)(wang)測電(dian)(dian)壓的控制;具有高轉換效率(lv)、寬電(dian)(dian)壓輸入(ru)范圍(wei)、快速并離(li)網(wang)(wang)切換和(he)方便維護(hu)等(deng)特點,同時具備完(wan)善的保(bao)護(hu)功能,如孤島(dao)保(bao)護(hu)、直流(liu)過壓保(bao)護(hu)和(he)低電(dian)(dian)壓穿(chuan)越(可(ke)選)等(deng),滿足系(xi)統并、離(li)網(wang)(wang)要求(qiu)。
3、箱變系統(如有)
如采(cai)用(yong)高壓(ya)(6kV、10kV、20kV、35kV等)并網系統,須采(cai)用(yong)箱變(bian)完成(cheng)升(sheng)壓(ya)任務,為盡(jin)量減少兩支路間(jian)的電磁干擾及環流影響,箱變(bian)系統采(cai)用(yong)雙分裂變(bian)壓(ya)器,其他參數跟風電和光伏無大的差(cha)別。
4、站用變電系統(如有)
為變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)內的(de)(de)設(she)備提供交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian),如(ru)照明、暖通、檢(jian)修、保護屏(ping)、高壓開(kai)關柜(ju)內的(de)(de)儲能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機、開(kai)關儲能(neng)、生活和工作設(she)施供電(dian)(dian)(dian)等,需要操(cao)作電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)。如(ru)與跟風電(dian)(dian)(dian)、光伏(fu)(fu)等組成(cheng)多(duo)能(neng)互補的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan),可(ke)與風電(dian)(dian)(dian)或光伏(fu)(fu)共用(yong)一(yi)套(tao)站(zhan)(zhan)用(yong)變(bian)系統。同時根據用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷,選擇合(he)適(shi)的(de)(de)站(zhan)(zhan)用(yong)變(bian)容量。
5、電纜(一次和二次)
交(jiao)流ZR-YJV22 或ZR-YJV23阻燃交(jiao)聯聚乙烯絕緣電力電纜具有高機械強度、耐(nai)環(huan)境應力好、優良的(de)電氣性能和(he)耐(nai)化學腐蝕(shi)等特點,重量(liang)輕,結構簡(jian)單,使用(yong)方便。本產品適用(yong)于交(jiao)流額定電壓(ya)35kV 及以(yi)下的(de)輸配電線路上。
ZR-RVVP 控制電(dian)纜低煙無鹵(lu)阻(zu)燃型電(dian)纜的(de)特(te)點是電(dian)纜不(bu)僅具備阻(zu)燃性(xing)(xing)(xing)能,而且具有低發煙性(xing)(xing)(xing)和無害性(xing)(xing)(xing)(毒性(xing)(xing)(xing)和腐蝕性(xing)(xing)(xing)較小),適用于(yu)對電(dian)纜阻(zu)燃、煙密(mi)度(du)、毒性(xing)(xing)(xing)指數有特(te)別(bie)要求的(de)場所。
6、電池管理系統BMS、能量管理系統EMS
電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)管(guan)理系(xi)統BMS,主要對(dui)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組的充(chong)(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)保護進(jin)行(xing)管(guan)理。充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)時(shi)能保證各單(dan)體電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)之間的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)差異小于設(she)定(ding)值,實現電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組各單(dan)體電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的均充(chong)(chong)(chong),有(you)效地改善了串聯充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式下(xia)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)效果。同(tong)時(shi)檢測電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組中(zhong)各個單(dan)體電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的過壓(ya)、欠壓(ya)、過流、短路、過溫狀態,保護并延長(chang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)使用壽(shou)命(ming)。BMS系(xi)統隨鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)成套(tao)提(ti)供。
能(neng)量管理系統EMS,主要是對電(dian)(dian)站的實時運(yun)行狀態信息進行監(jian)控,包括系統功率曲(qu)線(xian)、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓溫(wen)度信息、累計處理電(dian)(dian)量信息及其他約定(ding)的監(jian)測信息。并且(qie)可以在服務器中建立遠程監(jian)控軟(ruan)件能(neng)夠遠程控制及下載數(shu)據,能(neng)夠實時報警,并傳輸到指定(ding)手(shou)機上。
7、監控系統、相關接入系統設備
電池儲能(neng)(neng)監(jian)(jian)控系(xi)統(tong)基(ji)本功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)包括:測量(liang)監(jian)(jian)視(shi)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)、數據處理(li)(li)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)、分析統(tong)計功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)、操作控制功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)、事(shi)件(jian)告警(jing)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)、保護(hu)管(guan)理(li)(li)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)、人機接(jie)口功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)、事(shi)故追憶及歷(li)史(shi)反演功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)、歷(li)史(shi)數據管(guan)理(li)(li)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)、遠動(dong)及轉發功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)、系(xi)統(tong)維護(hu)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)。
相關接入(ru)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)設(she)(she)備(bei)是(shi)整個(ge)的(de)監(jian)控系(xi)統(tong)的(de)組成部分,由于各個(ge)地方(fang)電網建(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)情況不(bu)一樣,形成了接入(ru)系(xi)統(tong)所需(xu)的(de)設(she)(she)備(bei)不(bu)盡(jin)相同,不(bu)過(guo)根據國標GB、行標DL等(deng)要求,還(huan)是(shi)可以發現一些共同的(de)設(she)(she)備(bei)。
儲能系統的作用
1、提高分布式能源的穩定性
儲能(neng)(neng)系統應用于微(wei)電(dian)網中,通過能(neng)(neng)源管理系統(EMS),將分布式能(neng)(neng)源與儲能(neng)(neng)系統、主(zhu)電(dian)網協(xie)同控制,可以平穩分布式能(neng)(neng)源的(de)波動,穩定輸(shu)出,并提供分布式能(neng)(neng)源的(de)就地利用率,避免遠(yuan)距離傳輸(shu)給主(zhu)電(dian)網照(zhao)成(cheng)傳輸(shu)壓力及電(dian)力損耗(hao)。
除此之外,儲能系統(tong)還能在夜間,或(huo)分布式能源維(wei)修期間,持續為主(zhu)要負(fu)載(zai)提供部(bu)分電源,減(jian)少停電時間。
2、改善用戶用電的電能質量
儲能(neng)系統(tong)的(de)運(yun)用(yong),能(neng)夠對微電(dian)(dian)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)質量的(de)提升發(fa)揮重要的(de)作用(yong),系統(tong)通過對儲能(neng)系統(tong)中PCS控制,在(zai)穩定電(dian)(dian)能(neng)輸出(chu)的(de)同時(shi),調節儲能(neng)系統(tong)向(xiang)微電(dian)(dian)網(wang)輸出(chu)的(de)有功(gong)、無功(gong),同時(shi)解(jie)決電(dian)(dian)壓驟降/跌(die)落問題。
在(zai)面(mian)對(dui)主電(dian)網電(dian)壓(ya)驟升、驟降等(deng)問題時,儲能系(xi)統(tong)可(ke)以提供快速(su)功(gong)率緩沖,快速(su)吸收/補充電(dian)能,提供有功(gong),無功(gong)功(gong)率支(zhi)撐,穩(wen)定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)波動。儲能系(xi)統(tong)也能為微電(dian)網提供部(bu)分諧波治(zhi)理功(gong)能。
3、調峰
儲能系統在微電網中,可以在負荷低谷時候,存儲分布式能源發出的多余電能,在負荷用電高峰時候釋放電能,調節負荷需求。儲能系統作為微網中能量緩沖環節,在微網系統中是必不可少的。儲能系統在滿足峰值負(fu)荷用電(dian)的同(tong)時(shi),可(ke)以降低發電(dian)機組或變壓器所需容量。