電池儲能系統的結構組成
1、蓄電池系統
目前儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)方式主(zhu)要分為三(san)類:物理儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(抽水儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、壓縮空氣儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、飛輪(lun)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)等)、化(hua)學儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(鉛酸(suan)電(dian)池、氧化(hua)還原液流電(dian)池、鈉硫電(dian)池、鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)池)和(he)電(dian)磁儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)三(san)大類,由于經濟性(xing)及應(ying)用(yong)場景的原因,除抽水儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)外,化(hua)學儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)是應(ying)用(yong)最廣泛,從國際和(he)國內市場來(lai)看,化(hua)學儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)中的鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)應(ying)用(yong)較多。
2、PCS變流器系統
儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)雙(shuang)向(xiang)變流器(qi)簡稱PCS,儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)變流器(qi)可以(yi)實現電(dian)池(chi)(chi)與電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)間的(de)交直(zhi)流轉換,完(wan)成兩者間的(de)雙(shuang)向(xiang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量流動,并通過(guo)控制策略實現對電(dian)池(chi)(chi)系(xi)統的(de)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)管理(li)、網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)測負荷功(gong)率跟蹤、電(dian)池(chi)(chi)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)系(xi)統充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)功(gong)率控制和(he)正常及孤(gu)島運行方式下網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)測電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)控制;具(ju)有高(gao)轉換效率、寬電(dian)壓(ya)輸入范圍、快速并離網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)切換和(he)方便維護等(deng)特點,同(tong)時具(ju)備完(wan)善的(de)保(bao)護功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng),如孤(gu)島保(bao)護、直(zhi)流過(guo)壓(ya)保(bao)護和(he)低電(dian)壓(ya)穿越(yue)(可選(xuan))等(deng),滿足系(xi)統并、離網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)要(yao)求(qiu)。
3、箱變系統(如有)
如采用高壓(ya)(6kV、10kV、20kV、35kV等)并網系(xi)統(tong),須采用箱變完成升壓(ya)任(ren)務,為盡量減少兩支路間的電(dian)磁干擾及環流影響,箱變系(xi)統(tong)采用雙(shuang)分裂變壓(ya)器(qi),其他(ta)參數跟風電(dian)和光伏無大的差別。
4、站用變電系統(如有)
為變電站(zhan)(zhan)內的(de)設備提供(gong)交(jiao)流電,如照(zhao)明、暖通、檢(jian)修、保護(hu)屏、高壓(ya)開(kai)關柜內的(de)儲(chu)能電機、開(kai)關儲(chu)能、生活和工作(zuo)設施供(gong)電等(deng)(deng),需要操作(zuo)電源的(de)。如與跟風電、光(guang)伏等(deng)(deng)組成多能互補的(de)電站(zhan)(zhan),可與風電或(huo)光(guang)伏共用(yong)一套站(zhan)(zhan)用(yong)變系統。同時根(gen)據用(yong)電負荷,選擇(ze)合適的(de)站(zhan)(zhan)用(yong)變容量。
5、電纜(一次和二次)
交(jiao)流(liu)ZR-YJV22 或(huo)ZR-YJV23阻燃交(jiao)聯聚(ju)乙烯(xi)絕緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜具有高機械強(qiang)度(du)、耐環(huan)境應力好、優良的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣性(xing)能和耐化學腐蝕等特點,重量(liang)輕,結構(gou)簡單(dan),使用方便。本產品適用于(yu)交(jiao)流(liu)額定電(dian)(dian)壓35kV 及以下(xia)的(de)(de)輸配電(dian)(dian)線路上。
ZR-RVVP 控制電纜低煙(yan)無(wu)鹵阻(zu)燃型(xing)電纜的特(te)點是電纜不僅(jin)具(ju)備阻(zu)燃性能,而且具(ju)有低發(fa)煙(yan)性和無(wu)害性(毒性和腐蝕(shi)性較小),適用于對(dui)電纜阻(zu)燃、煙(yan)密度(du)、毒性指數(shu)有特(te)別要求的場所。
6、電池管理系統BMS、能量管理系統EMS
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理(li)系統BMS,主要對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的(de)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)進(jin)行管理(li)。充(chong)滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時能保證(zheng)各(ge)單(dan)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)之間的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓差異小(xiao)于(yu)設定值,實現(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組各(ge)單(dan)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)均充(chong),有效地改(gai)善了串(chuan)聯充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)下的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效果。同時檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組中各(ge)個單(dan)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)過(guo)(guo)壓、欠壓、過(guo)(guo)流、短路、過(guo)(guo)溫狀態,保護(hu)并延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用壽(shou)命。BMS系統隨鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)成(cheng)套提供(gong)。
能量管(guan)理系統EMS,主要是(shi)對電(dian)站(zhan)的(de)實時運(yun)行(xing)狀態信(xin)息(xi)(xi)進行(xing)監控(kong),包(bao)括系統功率曲線、電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓溫度信(xin)息(xi)(xi)、累計處理電(dian)量信(xin)息(xi)(xi)及其他約定的(de)監測信(xin)息(xi)(xi)。并且可以(yi)在服(fu)務器中建立(li)遠(yuan)程(cheng)監控(kong)軟件(jian)能夠遠(yuan)程(cheng)控(kong)制及下載數據(ju),能夠實時報(bao)警,并傳輸到指(zhi)定手機上。
7、監控系統、相關接入系統設備
電池儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)監(jian)控(kong)系(xi)統(tong)基本功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包括:測量(liang)監(jian)視功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、數據處理功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、分析統(tong)計功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、操(cao)作控(kong)制功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、事(shi)件告警功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、保護管理功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、人機接(jie)口(kou)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、事(shi)故追憶(yi)及歷史(shi)反演功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、歷史(shi)數據管理功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、遠動(dong)及轉(zhuan)發功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、系(xi)統(tong)維(wei)護功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。
相關(guan)接入系(xi)統的(de)設備(bei)是(shi)整個(ge)的(de)監(jian)控系(xi)統的(de)組成部分,由于各個(ge)地方電網(wang)建設的(de)情況不(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)樣,形成了接入系(xi)統所需的(de)設備(bei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)盡相同,不(bu)(bu)(bu)過(guo)根據國(guo)標GB、行(xing)標DL等(deng)要求,還是(shi)可以發現一(yi)些共同的(de)設備(bei)。
儲能系統的作用
1、提高分布式能源的穩定性
儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)系統(tong)應用于微電(dian)(dian)網(wang)中,通過能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)管理系統(tong)(EMS),將分布(bu)式能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)與儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)系統(tong)、主電(dian)(dian)網(wang)協同(tong)控制,可(ke)以平(ping)穩分布(bu)式能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的波動,穩定輸出,并提供分布(bu)式能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的就地利用率,避免遠距(ju)離傳(chuan)(chuan)輸給(gei)主電(dian)(dian)網(wang)照成傳(chuan)(chuan)輸壓(ya)力(li)及電(dian)(dian)力(li)損耗。
除此之(zhi)外(wai),儲能系統還能在夜間(jian)(jian),或分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)能源(yuan)維修期(qi)間(jian)(jian),持(chi)續為主要負載(zai)提(ti)供部分(fen)電源(yuan),減(jian)少(shao)停電時(shi)間(jian)(jian)。
2、改善用戶用電的電能質量
儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的運用,能夠(gou)對微電網(wang)電能質量的提升(sheng)發揮重要的作用,系(xi)統(tong)(tong)通(tong)過(guo)對儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中PCS控制,在(zai)穩定(ding)電能輸出(chu)的同(tong)時(shi),調(diao)節儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)(tong)向微電網(wang)輸出(chu)的有功(gong)、無(wu)功(gong),同(tong)時(shi)解決電壓驟降/跌(die)落問題。
在面(mian)對主(zhu)電網電壓驟升(sheng)、驟降(jiang)等(deng)問(wen)題時,儲(chu)能(neng)系統可以提供(gong)快速功率緩沖,快速吸收/補充電能(neng),提供(gong)有功,無功功率支撐,穩(wen)定電壓波(bo)動。儲(chu)能(neng)系統也能(neng)為微電網提供(gong)部分諧波(bo)治理功能(neng)。
3、調峰
儲能系統在微電網中,可以在負荷低谷時候,存儲分布式能源發出的多余電能,在負荷用電高峰時候釋放電能,調節負荷需求。儲能系統作為微網中能量緩沖環節,在微網系統中是必不可少的。儲(chu)能系統在滿(man)足峰值(zhi)負荷用電的同(tong)時,可以降低發電機組或變壓(ya)器(qi)所(suo)需容量。