芒果视频

電動車控制器行業簡介

一、電動車控制器的工作原理

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器的(de)(de)(de)基本原理是在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)基本恒定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)條件下，采用(yong)斷續(xu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)，改變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)平均值，來(lai)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)速度、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)大小。使(shi)得電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)轉符合控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)求，目前主要(yao)采取的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)是PWM脈寬調(diao)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)理（注：在所需的(de)(de)(de)時間內(nei)，將直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)調(diao)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成等(deng)幅不等(deng)寬的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)列電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)脈沖，以達到控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)頻率、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)）。

電動車控制器(qi)是借助 PWM 電路來控制電機輸出功率(lv)的，實現開關調制作用(yong)的是高(gao)頻開關功率(lv)器(qi)件(jian) MOS 管，用(yong)它來做執行高(gao)頻斬波(bo)斷(duan)續供電的開關，從而有(you)效地(di)解決了電機的速度和電流的操控性。

二、電動車控制器怎么接線

1、找到電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)正負極(ji)(ji)和電(dian)(dian)門鎖線(xian)：正極(ji)(ji)指(zhi)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)中電(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)（電(dian)(dian)勢）較高的一(yi)端；負極(ji)(ji)指(zhi)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)中電(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)（電(dian)(dian)勢）較低的一(yi)端。所以(yi)我們用(yong)萬用(yong)表就可(ke)以(yi)找到正負極(ji)(ji)，先(xian)打直流檔上，看(kan)那(nei)個電(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)較高較低就可(ke)以(yi)區分開(kai)來了。

2、連接(jie)電(dian)(dian)源線(xian)和電(dian)(dian)門(men)鎖(suo)(suo)線(xian)：粗(cu)黑線(xian)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)負(fu)極粗(cu)紅線(xian)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)正(zheng)極在(zai)這兩(liang)根線(xian)旁(pang)邊有(you)根細(xi)(xi)紅線(xian)，為(wei)電(dian)(dian)門(men)鎖(suo)(suo)線(xian)。正(zheng)確的方法是(shi)找到鎖(suo)(suo)線(xian)，把那(nei)兩(liang)根正(zheng)負(fu)極線(xian)直接(jie)接(jie)鎖(suo)(suo)上(shang)。接(jie)線(xian)的時(shi)候(hou)要仔細(xi)(xi)的檢查(cha)一下，車體到控(kong)制器(qi)的線(xian)路里(li)是(shi)否還有(you)其他的正(zheng)極線(xian)是(shi)由鎖(suo)(suo)控(kong)制的。

3、對接白色學習(xi)線(xian)：接之(zhi)前先把反轉線(xian)拔開，如果反轉線(xian)已經反拔開，就把電機正(zheng)轉后(hou)拔開學習(xi)線(xian)即可(ke)。

4、測試霍(huo)爾好(hao)壞(huai)的(de)方法：霍(huo)爾面(mian)向(xiang)自(zi)己（印章面(mian)），管腳向(xiang)下(xia)，從左到(dao)右分(fen)別為(wei)：正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)（開關霍(huo)爾4．5V到(dao)24V，線性(xing)霍(huo)爾5V）、負極(ji)(ji)(ji)、輸(shu)岀（信(xin)號），在正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)輸(shu)出(chu)接(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻（1到(dao)10K）。在負極(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)輸(shu)出(chu)間接(jie)一個發(fa)光(guang)二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管，用(yong)萬用(yong)表測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)等于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低電(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)約等于(yu)零。接(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后用(yong)磁(ci)鐵靠近(jin)或遠(yuan)離霍(huo)爾可以看(kan)到(dao)發(fa)光(guang)二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管是(shi)否(fou)發(fa)光(guang)變化(hua)。如有(you)變化(hua)就(jiu)好(hao)的(de)，沒(mei)變化(hua)就(jiu)是(shi)壞(huai)的(de)。

5、接儀(yi)表線和找(zhao)出(chu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)把(ba)線：一般轉(zhuan)(zhuan)把(ba)線是(shi)紅黑藍、剎車線是(shi)棕色(se)(se)或白色(se)(se)黃色(se)(se)。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)把(ba)線比(bi)較好(hao)找(zhao)，在線束末端找(zhao)3極(ji)插頭的(de)端子(zi)，有紅色(se)(se)、黑色(se)(se)、藍色(se)(se)的(de)就是(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)把(ba)線；剎車信號線是(shi)2極(ji)插頭，一般是(shi)有棕色(se)(se)和黃色(se)(se)的(de)。對著顏(yan)色(se)(se)就可(ke)(ke)以(yi)找(zhao)到了，實在找(zhao)不到可(ke)(ke)以(yi)用萬用表測(ce)量。

6、接剎車斷電線：剎車線一般是單獨一根紫色的，同時還有紫色和黑色一起的。有些品牌電動車控制器后(hou)(hou)面(mian)有兩(liang)根剎(cha)(cha)車斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)線，只要把(ba)(ba)這兩(liang)個(ge)剎(cha)(cha)車斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)線搭在一起就會使車子(zi)出現斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)，前面(mian)的(de)(de)剎(cha)(cha)車把(ba)(ba)也(ye)有想通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)兩(liang)個(ge)斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)線，和后(hou)(hou)面(mian)控制器的(de)(de)斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)線是相通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)，你只要把(ba)(ba)后(hou)(hou)面(mian)的(de)(de)斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)線接到前面(mian)的(de)(de)剎(cha)(cha)車斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)線上久可(ke)以了(le)。

7、自學習的啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)：電路一接通會很快加速起來，啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)后一定要緩慢扭動(dong)(dong)速度控制閥，然后拔開學習線。

三、電動車控制器怎么保養

1、電動車控制器首先要注意防水

盡(jin)量不讓控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)淋雨(yu)，安(an)裝(zhuang)時裝(zhuang)在座筒，駕駛室內，或者安(an)裝(zhuang)在離地(di)高的地(di)方，防(fang)止雨(yu)天浸水。平時要注意控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)外表清潔，這(zhe)樣有(you)利(li)于散熱，控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)使用壽命就會延長。

2、控制器引線插頭要保持清潔

這一點(dian)也(ye)是(shi)影響控制器(qi)的(de)薄弱環(huan)節，當(dang)控制器(qi)引(yin)線接(jie)插頭(tou)收(shou)到(dao)污染的(de)雨水浸泡后，要及時用清(qing)水或酒精清(qing)洗，避免氧化銹蝕(shi)，防止(zhi)造成接(jie)茬(cha)不實(shi)而使控制器(qi)失效。

3、控制器不可長時間超負荷運行

時間久了(le)容易使(shi)控制器(qi)內部元件老化(hua)，控制器(qi)性能降低，造(zao)車車子騎行噪音大動力不足。

4、在剎車時要注意盡量輕緩

動作過大或(huo)者剎(cha)車(che)頻繁都會對電動車(che)控制器造成損壞，也影響騎行(xing)安全，尤其是(shi)在雨雪天，剎(cha)車(che)需要(yao)謹慎，且剎(cha)且珍惜。