一、什么是電磁閥
電磁閥是用電磁控制的工業設備,是用來控制流體的自動化基礎元件,屬于執行器,并不限于液壓、氣動。用在工業控制系統中調整介質的方向、流量、速度和其他的參數。品牌電磁閥可以配合不同(tong)的電路(lu)來(lai)實(shi)現預(yu)期的控制,而控制的精(jing)度和靈活(huo)性都能夠保證。
二、電磁閥工作原理
電磁(ci)閥(fa)里有密閉的(de)(de)(de)(de)腔,在不同(tong)(tong)位(wei)置(zhi)開(kai)有通孔,每個(ge)孔連接不同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)油管,腔中間是(shi)(shi)(shi)活塞,兩面(mian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)兩塊(kuai)電磁(ci)鐵,哪面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)鐵線圈通電閥(fa)體就會被(bei)吸引到哪邊,通過(guo)控(kong)(kong)制閥(fa)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)移動來開(kai)啟或關(guan)閉不同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)排(pai)油孔,而進油孔是(shi)(shi)(shi)常開(kai)的(de)(de)(de)(de),液壓油就會進入(ru)不同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)排(pai)油管,然后通過(guo)油的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓力來推(tui)動油缸(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)活塞,活塞又帶動活塞桿,活塞桿帶動機(ji)械(xie)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。這樣(yang)通過(guo)控(kong)(kong)制電磁(ci)鐵的(de)(de)(de)(de)電流通斷就控(kong)(kong)制了機(ji)械(xie)運動。
三、電磁閥有幾種類型
1、電磁閥從原理上分為三大類:
(1)直動式電磁閥
原理:通(tong)電(dian)時,電(dian)磁線圈(quan)產(chan)生電(dian)磁力(li)把關閉件(jian)從閥(fa)座(zuo)上提起,閥(fa)門打開;斷電(dian)時,電(dian)磁力(li)消失,彈簧把關閉件(jian)壓在閥(fa)座(zuo)上,閥(fa)門關閉。
特點:在(zai)真空、負壓、零壓時能(neng)正常工(gong)作,但通徑一般不超(chao)過25mm。
(2)分步直動式電磁閥
原(yuan)理(li)(li):它是(shi)一種(zhong)直(zhi)動和(he)先(xian)導(dao)式相結合的(de)原(yuan)理(li)(li),當(dang)入口(kou)與(yu)(yu)出(chu)口(kou)沒有(you)壓差(cha)(cha)時(shi),通(tong)電后,電磁力(li)直(zhi)接(jie)把(ba)先(xian)導(dao)小閥(fa)(fa)和(he)主閥(fa)(fa)關閉件依次向(xiang)上提起,閥(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)打開。當(dang)入口(kou)與(yu)(yu)出(chu)口(kou)達到啟(qi)動壓差(cha)(cha)時(shi),通(tong)電后,電磁力(li)先(xian)導(dao)小閥(fa)(fa),主閥(fa)(fa)下(xia)腔壓力(li)上升,上腔壓力(li)下(xia)降,從而利(li)用壓差(cha)(cha)把(ba)主閥(fa)(fa)向(xiang)上推開;斷電時(shi),先(xian)導(dao)閥(fa)(fa)利(li)用彈簧力(li)或介質(zhi)壓力(li)推動關閉件,向(xiang)下(xia)移動,使(shi)閥(fa)(fa)門(men)(men)關閉。
特點:在零壓(ya)差(cha)或(huo)真(zhen)空、高壓(ya)時亦能可動作,但功率較(jiao)大,要求必須水(shui)平安裝。
(3)先導式電磁閥
原(yuan)理:通(tong)電(dian)時(shi),電(dian)磁力(li)把(ba)先導孔打開(kai),上腔室(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)迅(xun)速(su)下(xia)(xia)降,在(zai)關 閉件(jian)周(zhou)圍形成上低(di)下(xia)(xia)高的(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)差,流體壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)推動關閉件(jian)向上移動,閥門(men)打開(kai);斷電(dian)時(shi),彈簧力(li)把(ba)先導孔關閉,入口壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)通(tong)過旁通(tong)孔迅(xun)速(su)腔室(shi)在(zai)關閥件(jian)周(zhou)圍形成下(xia)(xia)低(di)上高的(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)差,流體壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)推動關閉件(jian)向下(xia)(xia)移動,關閉閥門(men)。
特點:流體壓力范圍上限較高,可任(ren)意安裝(需定制)但必須滿(man)足流體壓差條件。
2、電磁閥從閥結構和材料上的不同與原理上的區別,分為六個分支小類:直(zhi)動膜(mo)片結構(gou)、分步(bu)直(zhi)動膜(mo)片結構(gou)、先(xian)導膜(mo)片結構(gou)、直(zhi)動活塞結構(gou)、分步(bu)直(zhi)動活塞結構(gou)、先(xian)導活塞結構(gou)。
3、電磁閥按照功能分類:水用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)、蒸(zheng)汽(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)、制冷(leng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)、低溫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)、燃氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)、消(xiao)防(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)、氨(an)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)、氣(qi)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)、液體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)、微型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)、脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)、液壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)、常開電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)、油用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)、直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)、高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)、防(fang)爆電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)等(deng)。