一、銅是什么
銅(tong)（Cuprum）是一種(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)元素，也(ye)(ye)(ye)是一種(zhong)(zhong)過渡元素，化學符(fu)號Cu，英文(wen)copper，原(yuan)子(zi)序(xu)數(shu)29。純銅(tong)是柔軟的(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)，表(biao)面剛切開時為紅(hong)(hong)橙色帶金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)光澤(ze)，單質呈紫紅(hong)(hong)色。延展性好，導(dao)熱性和導(dao)電(dian)性高(gao)，因此在電(dian)纜和電(dian)氣、電(dian)子(zi)元件(jian)是最(zui)常用(yong)的(de)(de)材料，也(ye)(ye)(ye)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)作建筑材料，可(ke)(ke)以組成眾多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)。銅(tong)合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)機械(xie)性能優異，電(dian)阻率很(hen)低，其(qi)中最(zui)重要的(de)(de)數(shu)青(qing)銅(tong)和黃銅(tong)。此外，銅(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)是耐用(yong)的(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)，可(ke)(ke)以多(duo)次(ci)回收而無損其(qi)機械(xie)性能。
二、銅的種類及用途
銅的種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)主(zhu)要有紫銅，黃銅，青銅和白銅四種(zhong)(zhong)。
1、紫銅
又名紅銅(tong)(tong)，是(shi)銅(tong)(tong)單質，因其具(ju)有玫瑰紅色，表面形成氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)膜后(hou)呈(cheng)紫色，故一(yi)般稱為紫銅(tong)(tong)。中國紫銅(tong)(tong)加(jia)工材按成分可分為：普通紫銅(tong)(tong)（T1、T2、T3、T4）、無氧(yang)(yang)銅(tong)(tong)（TU1、TU2和(he)高純(chun)、真空無氧(yang)(yang)銅(tong)(tong)）、脫氧(yang)(yang)銅(tong)(tong)（TUP、TUMn）、添加(jia)少(shao)量(liang)合金元(yuan)素的特(te)種銅(tong)(tong)（砷銅(tong)(tong)、碲銅(tong)(tong)、銀銅(tong)(tong)）四(si)類。紫銅(tong)(tong)具(ju)有很(hen)好的導電性和(he)導熱性，塑性極好，易于熱壓(ya)和(he)冷壓(ya)力(li)加(jia)工，大量(liang)用(yong)于制造電線、電纜、電刷(shua)、電火花專(zhuan)用(yong)電蝕(shi)銅(tong)(tong)等(deng)要求導電性良好的產品。
2、黃銅
黃(huang)(huang)銅是(shi)由(you)(you)銅和鋅所組成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)合金(jin)，具有美觀的(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)色。由(you)(you)銅、鋅組成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)銅就叫作普通(tong)黃(huang)(huang)銅，如果是(shi)由(you)(you)二種以上的(de)(de)(de)元(yuan)素組成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)多種合金(jin)就稱為特殊(shu)黃(huang)(huang)銅。黃(huang)(huang)銅有較強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)耐磨性能，常被用于制(zhi)造閥門、水(shui)管、空調內外機連接管和散熱器等(deng)。
3、青銅
青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)金屬(shu)冶鑄史(shi)(shi)上(shang)最(zui)早(zao)的(de)合金，在純銅(tong)(tong)(tong)（紫銅(tong)(tong)(tong)）中加入錫(xi)或(huo)鉛的(de)合金，有(you)特殊(shu)重要(yao)性(xing)和歷史(shi)(shi)意義，主(zhu)要(yao)品(pin)種有(you)錫(xi)青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)、鋁青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)、特殊(shu)青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)（又稱高(gao)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)合金）。與純銅(tong)(tong)(tong)（紫銅(tong)(tong)(tong)）相比，青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)強度(du)高(gao)且熔點低(di)（25%的(de)錫(xi)冶煉青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)，熔點就會降(jiang)低(di)到800℃。純銅(tong)(tong)(tong)（紫銅(tong)(tong)(tong)）的(de)熔點為1083℃）。青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鑄造(zao)(zao)性(xing)好，耐(nai)磨且化學(xue)性(xing)質穩定，適(shi)用于鑄造(zao)(zao)各種器具、機(ji)械零件、軸承(cheng)、齒輪等。
4、白銅
白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)是(shi)以鎳(nie)為(wei)主要添加元素的(de)銅(tong)(tong)基合(he)金(jin)，呈(cheng)銀白(bai)(bai)色，有金(jin)屬光澤，故名白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)。銅(tong)(tong)鎳(nie)之間彼此可無限固(gu)溶，從而形(xing)成連續固(gu)溶體，即不(bu)論彼此的(de)比(bi)例多少，而恒(heng)為(wei)α-單相合(he)金(jin)。當把鎳(nie)熔入紅銅(tong)(tong)里(li)，含量超過16%以上時，產生的(de)合(he)金(jin)色澤就(jiu)變得潔白(bai)(bai)如銀，鎳(nie)含量越(yue)(yue)高，顏色越(yue)(yue)白(bai)(bai)。白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)中鎳(nie)的(de)含量一般為(wei)25%。
銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鎳二元合(he)金(jin)稱(cheng)普通白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)；加(jia)有錳、鐵、鋅、鋁等元素的白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)金(jin)稱(cheng)復(fu)雜白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)。工業用白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)分為(wei)結(jie)構白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)電(dian)工白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)兩大類。結(jie)構白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)的特(te)點是機械性(xing)能(neng)和(he)耐蝕性(xing)好，色澤美觀。這(zhe)種白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)廣泛用於制造(zao)精(jing)密機械、化(hua)工機械和(he)船舶(bo)構件。電(dian)工白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)一般有良(liang)好的熱(re)電(dian)性(xing)能(neng)。錳銅(tong)(tong)(tong)、康銅(tong)(tong)(tong)、考銅(tong)(tong)(tong)是含(han)錳量不(bu)同的錳白(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)，是制造(zao)精(jing)密電(dian)工儀器(qi)、變(bian)阻器(qi)、精(jing)密電(dian)阻、應變(bian)片、熱(re)電(dian)偶等用的材料。
三、黃銅青銅紫銅白銅哪個貴
在價格方面(mian)，紫銅(tong)最貴，白銅(tong)次之，隨后是青銅(tong)，最便(bian)宜(yi)的是黃銅(tong)。不(bu)過最便(bian)宜(yi)的也要比(bi)鐵貴出幾倍。
