簡介
據民國《鄭縣志》記(ji)載,明弘治十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(1501)知(zhi)(zhi)州(zhou)石(shi)純粹(cui),嘉靖六年(nian)(nian)(1527)知(zhi)(zhi)州(zhou)劉汝,隆慶四年(nian)(nian)(1570)知(zhi)(zhi)州(zhou)李時選均曾重修。清康(kang)熙(xi)三十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(1691)知(zhi)(zhi)州(zhou)陳一魁、五(wu)十(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(1714)知(zhi)(zhi)州(zhou)張,乾隆五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(1740)知(zhi)(zhi)州(zhou)張鉞,光(guang)緒十(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(1890)知(zhi)(zhi)州(zhou)吳榮棨亦重修。
此廟坐北朝南(nan),原占地面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)約10畝。由大(da)(da)(da)門(men)(men)、過庭(ting)、戲(xi)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)、大(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)、后(hou)(hou)(hou)寢宮和(he)(he)(he)東、西(xi)廊(lang)房組成。大(da)(da)(da)門(men)(men)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)3間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),進深2間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),懸山式建筑,綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)琉(liu)璃(li)瓦頂(ding),檐(yan)(yan)下(xia)施(shi)三昂七(qi)踩斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong),三幅云昂嘴,耍(shua)頭(tou)(tou)呈(cheng)象(xiang)鼻狀(zhuang)。斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)尾均(jun)(jun)平(ping)插垂(chui)(chui)蓮(lian)柱(zhu)(zhu),垂(chui)(chui)蓮(lian)柱(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)(shang)金枋(fang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)連,而柱(zhu)(zhu)的上(shang)(shang)端(duan)(duan),直承上(shang)(shang)金檁(lin)。明(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)立(li)4根石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu),周(zhou)圍(wei)用木(mu)柱(zhu)(zhu),中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)木(mu)制通柱(zhu)(zhu),平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)均(jun)(jun)呈(cheng)小(xiao)八(ba)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)。實(shi)榻(ta)大(da)(da)(da)門(men)(men)3合(he),分別裝在通柱(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)(shang)。門(men)(men)前(qian)砌(qi)6級(ji)扇(shan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)垂(chui)(chui)帶式踏跺,左(zuo)右(you)立(li)1對(dui)石(shi)(shi)獅子(zi)。過庭(ting)距(ju)大(da)(da)(da)門(men)(men)10余米(mi)(mi),面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)3間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),進深2間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),硬山式建筑。灰筒瓦頂(ding),正(zheng)(zheng)脊(ji)(ji)兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)置大(da)(da)(da)吻(wen),中(zhong)(zhong)部飾(shi)二(er)(er)(er)龍(long)戲(xi)珠和(he)(he)(he)寶(bao)瓶,下(xia)有(you)(you)(you)浮雕人物,中(zhong)(zhong)置神像,兩(liang)側各有(you)(you)(you)1對(dui)追逐(zhu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)的騎士,姿(zi)態(tai)各異,栩栩如生。垂(chui)(chui)脊(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)的裝飾(shi)也富有(you)(you)(you)變化(hua),龍(long)飛鳳舞,百(bai)花(hua)盛開,配(pei)以(yi)獅子(zi)滾繡球和(he)(he)(he)海馬、狎魚等(deng)(deng)脊(ji)(ji)獸(shou),十分精(jing)巧(qiao)秀麗(li)。檐(yan)(yan)下(xia)置一斗(dou)(dou)(dou)二(er)(er)(er)升斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)。山墻下(xia)砌(qi)筑有(you)(you)(you)弧形(xing)(xing)(xing)墀(chi)頭(tou)(tou),下(xia)部雕磚(zhuan)上(shang)(shang)飾(shi)有(you)(you)(you)麒麟、花(hua)草和(he)(he)(he)須彌(mi)座,刻(ke)(ke)工(gong)精(jing)細。戲(xi)樓(lou)(lou)(lou),又稱樂樓(lou)(lou)(lou)。與過庭(ting)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)距(ju)咫尺,面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)3間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),進深2間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),歇山式高(gao)臺樓(lou)(lou)(lou)閣(ge)(ge),樓(lou)(lou)(lou)高(gao)12米(mi)(mi)余,主(zhu)(zhu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)居中(zhong)(zhong),左(zuo)右(you)兩(liang)側檐(yan)(yan)下(xia)配(pei)以(yi)歇山式邊(bian)樓(lou)(lou)(lou),上(shang)(shang)下(xia)錯(cuo)(cuo)落,翼角(jiao)重疊。主(zhu)(zhu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)有(you)(you)(you)抱廈(sha),前(qian)抱廈(sha)為(wei)(wei)2根平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)呈(cheng)小(xiao)八(ba)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)支撐,石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)(shang)鐫刻(ke)(ke)楹(ying)聯(lian)為(wei)(wei)“傳出幽明(ming)報應彰(zhang)天(tian)道,演來(lai)生死輪回醒世人。”后(hou)(hou)(hou)抱廈(sha)為(wei)(wei)垂(chui)(chui)花(hua)門(men)(men)式。全樓(lou)(lou)(lou)共有(you)(you)(you)19條屋(wu)(wu)脊(ji)(ji)縱橫(heng)斜(xie)插,置大(da)(da)(da)吻(wen)脊(ji)(ji)獸(shou),藍(lan)綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)琉(liu)璃(li)脊(ji)(ji)飾(shi)。整(zheng)體(ti)建筑小(xiao)巧(qiao)玲瓏,造(zao)型別致。戲(xi)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)北20余米(mi)(mi)為(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian),面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)3間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),進深3間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),單檐(yan)(yan)歇山綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)琉(liu)璃(li)瓦頂(ding),脊(ji)(ji)飾(shi)用黃綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)琉(liu)璃(li)。正(zheng)(zheng)脊(ji)(ji)兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)置有(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)吻(wen),脊(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)飾(shi)有(you)(you)(you)龍(long)、鳳和(he)(he)(he)牡(mu)丹(dan),脊(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)豎獅子(zi)寶(bao)瓶,兩(liang)側飾(shi)小(xiao)寶(bao)瓶。垂(chui)(chui)脊(ji)(ji)、戧脊(ji)(ji)均(jun)(jun)飾(shi)有(you)(you)(you)花(hua)卉(hui)、卷草等(deng)(deng)圖案,并配(pei)以(yi)獅子(zi)等(deng)(deng)脊(ji)(ji)獸(shou)。檐(yan)(yan)下(xia)施(shi)垂(chui)(chui)昂五踩斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong),昂嘴呈(cheng)五角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)。前(qian)檐(yan)(yan)明(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)施(shi)有(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)攢溜金斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong),角(jiao)科用把臂廂拱(gong)。殿(dian)(dian)內為(wei)(wei)九檁(lin)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)廊(lang)式的柱(zhu)(zhu)梁結構,橫(heng)梁縱檁(lin),立(li)柱(zhu)(zhu)斜(xie)椽,交(jiao)替錯(cuo)(cuo)落,排列有(you)(you)(you)序(xu)。殿(dian)(dian)前(qian)、后(hou)(hou)(hou)明(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)均(jun)(jun)裝修有(you)(you)(you)4扇(shan)六(liu)抹(mo)槅扇(shan),殿(dian)(dian)前(qian)次間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)裝修有(you)(you)(you)檻(jian)窗,均(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)搭斜(xie)交(jiao)凌花(hua)式。檐(yan)(yan)下(xia)的墊拱(gong)板上(shang)(shang)還繪(hui)有(you)(you)(you)八(ba)仙過海、二(er)(er)(er)十四孝等(deng)(deng)彩(cai)畫。殿(dian)(dian)前(qian)砌(qi)有(you)(you)(you)月臺。大(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)20米(mi)(mi)有(you)(you)(you)寢宮,由拜廈(sha)和(he)(he)(he)寢殿(dian)(dian)組成,中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)地溝(gou)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)隔(ge)。寢殿(dian)(dian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)5間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),進深3間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),懸山式建筑;殿(dian)(dian)前(qian)的拜廈(sha),面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)5間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),進深4架椽,卷棚頂(ding)。屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)均(jun)(jun)覆以(yi)綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)琉(liu)璃(li)瓦,脊(ji)(ji)飾(shi)用黃綠(lv)花(hua)色(se)(se)(se)(se)琉(liu)璃(li)。寢殿(dian)(dian)正(zheng)(zheng)脊(ji)(ji)兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)置2米(mi)(mi)高(gao)的大(da)(da)(da)吻(wen),中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)飾(shi)一重檐(yan)(yan)歇山式樓(lou)(lou)(lou)閣(ge)(ge),脊(ji)(ji)兩(liang)側塑(su)有(you)(you)(you)雙龍(long)戲(xi)珠,鳳穿牡(mu)丹(dan),垂(chui)(chui)脊(ji)(ji)雕有(you)(you)(you)羽(yu)人、石(shi)(shi)榴(liu)、花(hua)卉(hui)等(deng)(deng),玲瓏剔透。檐(yan)(yan)下(xia)施(shi)三昂七(qi)踩斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong),昂嘴和(he)(he)(he)耍(shua)頭(tou)(tou)呈(cheng)象(xiang)鼻狀(zhuang),斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)尾均(jun)(jun)平(ping)插有(you)(you)(you)垂(chui)(chui)柱(zhu)(zhu),獨(du)具匠心。檐(yan)(yan)下(xia)的墊拱(gong)板上(shang)(shang),繪(hui)有(you)(you)(you)色(se)(se)(se)(se)彩(cai)絢(xuan)麗(li)的彩(cai)繪(hui),造(zao)型生動,題材豐(feng)富,有(you)(you)(you)鯉魚跳龍(long)門(men)(men)、喜(xi)鵲(que)鬧梅(mei)、鳳戲(xi)牡(mu)丹(dan)、松鶴延年、龍(long)虎相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)、獅子(zi)滾繡球等(deng)(deng)。殿(dian)(dian)前(qian)的明(ming)、次間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)裝有(you)(you)(you)六(liu)抹(mo)槅扇(shan),梢間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)置檻(jian)窗,均(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)搭斜(xie)交(jiao)凌花(hua)式。
該廟(miao)的建(jian)筑以建(jian)造精致、結構堅(jian)實(shi)而(er)著稱。廟(miao)內(nei)原(yuan)(yuan)有(you)碑(bei)刻,其中有(you)明初鄭(zheng)州同知張大猷(you)草書石碑(bei)《福贊》、《壽贊》兩通,前(qian)者(zhe)碑(bei)高1.88米,寬(kuan)0.83米;后(hou)者(zhe)高1.81米,寬(kuan)0.8米,筆跡蒼勁(jing)挺拔,現僅存《福贊》碑(bei)。1963年6月20日,由原(yuan)(yuan)河南省人民委員(yuan)會公布為河南省文物保護單(dan)位。
歷史典故
鄭州城(cheng)隍(huang)廟供奉的是漢劉邦麾下大(da)將紀信。
漢(han)(han)高祖劉邦(bang)(bang)三年(nian)(公元(yuan)前204年(nian)),項羽圍(wei)劉邦(bang)(bang)于(yu)滎(ying)陽,危難(nan)之(zhi)中(zhong),紀信冒充漢(han)(han)王(wang),使劉邦(bang)(bang)得以(yi)(yi)逃(tao)走(zou)。《資治(zhi)通鑒》記載:“五月,將軍紀信言(yan)于(yu)漢(han)(han)王(wang)曰(yue):事急矣(yi),臣請(qing)誑楚,王(wang)可以(yi)(yi)間出(chu)(chu)。”于(yu)是陳平夜(ye)出(chu)(chu)女子(zi)東(dong)門二干余人,楚因而四面擊之(zhi)。紀信乃乘(cheng)王(wang)車,黃屋左(zuo)纛(dao),曰(yue):“食盡(jin),漢(han)(han)王(wang)降楚。”楚皆呼萬(wan)歲,出(chu)(chu)城(cheng)東(dong)觀,以(yi)(yi)故(gu)漢(han)(han)王(wang)得以(yi)(yi)數十騎出(chu)(chu)西門遁去……羽見紀信,問:“漢(han)(han)王(wang)安(an)在?”曰(yue):已(yi)出(chu)(chu)去矣(yi)。“羽燒(shao)殺信”就是說的這個故(gu)事。
基本概況
鄭州(zhou)城(cheng)隍廟(miao)全稱(cheng)是(shi)“鄭州(zhou)城(cheng)隍靈佑(you)侯廟(miao)”,在鄭州(zhou)市(shi)商城(cheng)路北,職工(gong)路(原名:城(cheng)隍廟(miao)街)北端。建(jian)于明代初年(nian),弘(hong)治十四年(nian)(1501年(nian))重修(xiu),是(shi)河南(nan)省規模較大、保存完好(hao)的明清古建(jian)筑群落之(zhi)一。數百年(nian)來,雖屢遭兵(bing)燹、火災及人為(wei)破壞(huai),后經多次營(ying)建(jian)修(xiu)葺,基本上保留了歷史(shi)原貌(mao),因(yin)此彌足珍貴。
是目前(qian)河南(nan)保存(cun)最(zui)完(wan)整、規模最(zui)大的古(gu)建筑(zhu)群。該廟(miao)始建于(yu)明代初年(nian),清代重修。主(zhu)要有(you)(you)山門(men)、前(qian)殿(dian)(dian)、樂(le)樓、大殿(dian)(dian)、寢宮等(deng),全部殿(dian)(dian)堂(tang)均為琉璃瓦覆頂,造型精(jing)(jing)致,結構(gou)緊湊。其中(zhong)樂(le)樓高達(da)15米,大殿(dian)(dian)內外的雕刻(ke)非常有(you)(you)特色,在正面(mian)屋脊上(shang)雕有(you)(you)游(you)龍(long)(long)和鳳凰(huang),旁邊有(you)(you)荷(he)花、獅子等(deng),圖(tu)案精(jing)(jing)美,雕工(gong)細致;進入大殿(dian)(dian),兩(liang)側可見雕刻(ke)的龍(long)(long)、鳳、牡丹;殿(dian)(dian)上(shang)刻(ke)有(you)(you)“八仙(xian)過海(hai)”及蒼松翠柏(bo)、人物鳥(niao)獸(shou),構(gou)圖(tu)和諧精(jing)(jing)致。
每年的(de)農(nong)歷三月十八日,城隍(huang)廟(miao)里(li)都舉(ju)辦廟(miao)會(hui)活動,屆(jie)時,各(ge)種各(ge)樣的(de)民間工藝品、風味小吃(chi)都匯(hui)聚于此,前來趕廟(miao)會(hui)的(de)人更是(shi)絡繹不絕,場面(mian)熱鬧非凡。
建筑結構
該廟(miao)(miao)(miao)坐北面南,山(shan)門、前殿(dian)、戲(xi)樓(lou)、大殿(dian)、寢(qin)宮、東西廊廡等,沿(yan)中(zhong)軸線(xian)依次排列,層次分明,布局(ju)結構合理,建筑均為(wei)琉璃瓦覆蓋,卷棚(peng)出廈,飛檐四出,造型(xing)精(jing)致,結構緊湊。整個(ge)建筑紅磚綠瓦,畫梁雕(diao)棟,既(ji)凝(ning)重端(duan)莊(zhuang),又古樸典雅(ya),是(shi)鄭州市(shi)絕無僅(jin)有的明清建筑精(jing)品。其中(zhong)丈五(wu)左(zuo)右的歇(xie)山(shan)式雙層戲(xi)樓(lou),堪稱(cheng)鄭州之最。樂樓(lou)高達15米,歇(xie)山(shan)式雙層建筑,正脊(ji)(ji)浮雕(diao)游龍(long)數條(tiao),有鳳凰在(zai)上下飛舞,有荷花、獅子在(zai)左(zuo)右陪襯,異常生動(dong)。大殿(dian)正脊(ji)(ji)兩端(duan)雕(diao)有吞(tun)脊(ji)(ji)吻獸(shou),兩側刻(ke)(ke)滾龍(long)數條(tiao),并飾鳳凰、牡丹;殿(dian)上刻(ke)(ke)有“八仙過海”及蒼松翠柏、人(ren)(ren)物鳥獸(shou),構圖和諧精(jing)致,左(zuo)右對稱(cheng),絕妙異常。每年(nian)農歷三月十八日廟(miao)(miao)(miao)會時(shi)節,臺(tai)上古樂喧天,絲弦陣(zhen)陣(zhen),臺(tai)下游人(ren)(ren)如(ru)癡如(ru)醉(zui)。加之雜(za)耍(shua)、民(min)間工藝(yi)品,各種名優小(xiao)吃繽紛上市(shi),更給城隍(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)平(ping)添不少光彩。解(jie)放后,政府又撥款(kuan)對其進行(xing)整修,并重塑城隍(huang)金身(shen),終使這座有著五(wu)百年(nian)“廟(miao)(miao)(miao)齡”的古建筑群,再獲新(xin)生。
交通信息
市內乘坐公交2路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、52路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、58路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、61路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、65路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、727路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、b17路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、y801路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)到(dao)鄭州(zhou)城隍廟站下(xia)可(ke)到(dao)